What is the working principle of punch press and air hammer?

There have been artists such as blacksmiths (Figure 3-74) in the world for a long time. They used hammers to forge heated iron objects. During the industrialization period, people thought of using machines to complete this work, and then people designed the punch press.

Figure 3-75 is a simple punch press. Its working principle is that the electric motor drives the pulley to rotate. The forger steps on the pedal and connects the pulley shaft to the crankshaft through the clutch, transmitting the rotational motion and power to the crankshaft. , the crook of the crankshaft is connected to the connecting rod to drive the slider to move up and down on the guide rail to forge the workpiece. Its movements mimic those of a blacksmith forging a workpiece.

Figure 3-72 Mechanical system of disc scale machine 1, 2 - pulley; 3, 13 - worm; 4, 14 - worm gear; 5 - crank; 6 - connecting rod; 7 - tooth sector ; 8, 11, 12 - gear; 9, 22 - pawl; 10, 23 - ratchet; 15 - workpiece; 16 - carving knife; 17 - slide plate; 18, 19 - cam; 20 - double universal joint; 21 - Frame; 24—positioning drum; 25—positioning screw

Figure 3-73 Bench drill

Figure 3-74 Blacksmith working diagram

Figure 3- 75. For large workpieces, simple punches generally use air hammers, that is, large punches. Figure 3-76 The air hammer motor decelerates through the reducer to increase torque. The reducer output shaft is connected to the crank, which drives the connecting rod to push the compression cylinder piston to move in the cylinder. Using Pascal's principle, the piston in the working cylinder is connected to the hammer head to forge the workpiece.

Figure 3-76 Air hammer

Figure 3-77 Carpenter planing wood strips

Figure 3-78 Bullhead planer 1—crank; 2—slider; 3—guide rod; 4—frame; 5—push rod; 6—planer slider