What safety hazards exist in highway engineering construction?

1 Current status of highway construction safety management

As the highway construction market continues to develop and competition continues to intensify, the construction management system, operating mechanism, profit distribution, etc. are also undergoing profound changes, thus increasing Understand the complexity of highway construction production safety. The special construction environment and operating technology of highway engineering, as well as the spatial and plane extension characteristics of safe production,

1.1 Safety construction characteristics of highway construction

1) Accident types are scattered. Accident statistical analysis shows that the five major injury accidents in highway engineering construction safety production are collapse accidents, falling accidents from heights, vehicle injury accidents, electric shock accidents and object impact accidents, accounting for 81% of all accidents. Highway engineering casualties are mainly distributed in 8 categories.

2) Therefore, concentration occurs. According to the analysis of the engineering categories involved in highway engineering construction safety accidents, it was found that relatively many accidents occurred during bridge construction, roadbed construction, and tunnel construction, accounting for 47, 29, and 19 of the total number of accidents, and 44, 27, and 19 of the total number of fatalities respectively. 25.

3) The consequences of the accident are extremely serious. The natural environment conditions for highway engineering construction are complex and the project scale is large. Engineering construction accidents often cause significant economic losses and a large number of casualties.

4) Frequency of safety accidents. Safety accidents in engineering construction are sudden, which increases the difficulty of safety accident prevention. However, statistics have found that the types of engineering construction safety accidents are recurring or frequent, such as collapse accidents, electric shock accidents, falling accidents from heights, etc. From this, it can be found that accidents have their own inherent regularity. According to the causes of accidents, formulates Practical preventive measures.

1.2 Problems in highway construction safety management

1) Not enough attention is paid to safety accidents. Under the current management model in which enterprises operate independently and are responsible for their own profits and losses, most construction entities pursue direct economic benefits and do not pay attention to construction safety management. There is a common phenomenon that safety management is "important in words, secondary in practice, and unnecessary in busy times."

2) Insufficient investment in security funds. For example, safety protection is extremely rudimentary, especially in high-risk construction areas such as high altitudes, on water, deep foundation pits, under high slopes, and in tunnel excavations.

3) The safety quality of on-site construction personnel is low. The vast majority of construction workers are laborers from rural areas, and their construction safety knowledge is quite lacking. Even with the adoption of three-level safety education, the safety quality of construction workers still cannot meet the expected goals.

4) Lack of safety management system. The safe construction plans, safety assurance systems, and emergency response plans compiled by the project department are often patchworked together to cope with inspections. The safety management plan does not address the actual situation of the specific project, is very empty, and cannot be implemented. . The project department does not have a full-time safety officer, and there is no one to do safety management work. Some safety positions are held concurrently by other managers, and some safety managers are of low quality and cannot play the role of safety supervision and management.

2 Countermeasures to improve the level of highway construction safety management

2.1 Measures to improve highway construction organization and management

1) Establish a sound highway construction safety production responsibility system and safety production assurance system. Responsibility is the core of all management systems. Without responsibility, no matter how perfect a management system is, it is nothing but a piece of paper. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a complete highway construction safety responsibility system.

2) Clarify the responsibilities of safety management personnel at all levels. It is necessary to highlight the main responsibility of the construction enterprise, especially the first responsibility of the person in charge of the enterprise and the project leader. It is necessary to establish safety production responsibility assessment and evaluation methods and build a construction safety production prevention and control system with transportation characteristics. All localities can formulate safety production control indicators for transportation construction in their region in conjunction with the safety production control index requirements determined by the national and local people's governments.

3) The safety production responsibility system should clarify the responsibilities of safety managers at all levels. Full-time safety officers are composed of professional safety officers from each construction team and are specifically responsible for daily safety work.

Check the safety hazards at the construction site, correct and punish violations such as not wearing work clothes, not wearing a safety helmet on the construction site, and not wearing safety belts when working at heights. At the same time, they are responsible for the safety of people and equipment during blasting, demolition, concrete and earthwork construction. and protective work. The responsibilities of part-time safety officers cannot be ignored. They are responsible for the specific implementation of safety inspections and supervision of branch projects and various processes, and nip potential safety hazards in the bud.

2.2 Improving the safety quality of highway construction employees

To change the low-focus academic composition, it must be achieved by carrying out adult education among safety managers or encouraging them to study for a master's degree in engineering. On the other hand, in order to improve the professional title structure of safety management personnel and increase the proportion of personnel with intermediate and senior professional titles, it is necessary to reduce or even eliminate the need for professional and technical personnel to engage in safety management work. At the same time, personnel with low academic qualifications and low professional titles who are already engaged in safety management work will be provided with professional training on highway expertise and safety technical knowledge, so as to achieve the purpose of improving their overall level. In addition, to improve the quality of workers, we must first strengthen vocational and technical training and safety education and training for migrant workers, and effectively improve their safety production awareness and safe operation skills. At the same time, different professional and technical training should be provided for different types of work. Appropriately raise the threshold for recruitment, and appropriately add recruitment conditions when recruiting workers, such as education level, work experience, etc.

2.3 Increase investment in safe construction equipment

1) Strengthen on-site management of highway construction equipment and strictly implement the equipment maintenance system. Operators must strictly implement the mechanical maintenance system. Avoid outdated maintenance and keep the machinery in good working condition. Equipment that is highly utilized, easily damaged, and prone to failure should be tracked and diagnosed, and post-event repairs should be converted into preventive repairs. When an abnormality occurs in the machinery, it should be shut down immediately for inspection and reported to superiors in a timely manner so that maintenance personnel can be quickly organized to carry out on-site repairs.

2) Improve safety facilities and protection management. Enterprises should uniformly stipulate the layout of construction sites and set up safety warning signs for places with greater risk factors and related facilities and equipment. Mechanical safety devices must be used correctly according to regulations and must not be removed for convenience. Tools, fixtures and processed parts used in mechanical equipment must be firmly clamped and not loose.

2.4 Improvement of construction working environment

1) Prevent the hazards of production dust and noise. First of all, strengthening organizational leadership is the key to doing a good job in dust prevention. Establish a dust monitoring system for construction sections and construction periods with a lot of dust operations, and equip full-time dust measurement personnel. Medical personnel should put forward requirements for dust measurement work, conduct regular inspections and provide guidance, measure dust at regular intervals and at fixed points, and evaluate the improvement of working conditions and the effect of technical measures. Secondly, adopt effective technical measures to reduce the dust concentration in the working environment as much as possible. For example, through wet work, it is an economical, easy and effective measure to prevent dust from flying. It can be used for any operation that can be wet-produced, such as wet rock drilling, tunnel washing, air inlet purification, etc. For noise control, we should first consider engineering control, that is, when purchasing equipment, we must consider the low noise and low vibration of the equipment.

2) Main measures to prevent heat stroke and cool down. In summer, work time under high temperatures should be shortened as much as possible, and methods such as small shifts, increased number of work breaks, and extended lunch breaks should be adopted. The resting place should be in a ventilated and cool place, and should be equipped with refreshing drinks, fans, bathing equipment, etc. It is best to install air conditioning in the lounge or take other heatstroke prevention and cooling measures.

3) Design construction organization according to complex geological conditions. First of all, we must do a good job in construction organization design and reasonably arrange the sequence of construction sections. Secondly, make preparations before construction, that is, carefully review the design documents before starting construction, understand the geological conditions of each section in detail, focus on surveying important areas, further check the design data, report any errors in the design documents to the owner in a timely manner, and handle them properly .

4) The stacking and storage of materials must comply with safety requirements. The stacking of materials on the construction site must comply with the following requirements: the stacking of tools, components, and materials on the construction site must be placed according to the locations specified in the general plan; various Materials and components must be stacked according to type and specification, and clear signs must be set up; all materials must be stacked neatly, sand, stone and other materials must be placed in squares, large tools should be aligned at one end, and steel bars, components, and steel formwork should be stacked neatly with wooden Square cushion.