Tengkang Classical Chinese

1. Classical Chinese translation of Kong Yu’s courtesy name Jingkang

Kong Yu, whose courtesy name was Jingkang, was a native of Shanyin in Kuaiji. He was orphaned at the age of 13, and was known as a filial piety to his adopted grandmother. He was as famous as Zhang Mao, also named Weikang, and Dingtan, named Shikang, from the same county. At that time, he was known as "Three Kangs of Kuaiji". Wu Ping, happily moved to Luo. At the end of Emperor Hui's reign, he returned to his hometown and traveled between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers. He met Shi Bing and Feng Yun who were in trouble. Yun forced Yu to join the army, but he was killed when he refused. Lai Yun Sima Zhang Tong rescued him and saved him. He returned to Huiji in the east and entered the Xin'an Mountains. He changed his surname to Sun, devoted himself to farming and studying, and trusted his hometown. Later, he suddenly gave it up, saying that he was a god and a shrine was built in his honour. In Yongjiazhong, Emperor Yuan appointed General Andong to suppress Yangtu and ordered Yu to join the army. The nation is looking for it, but no one knows where it is. At the beginning of Jianxing Dynasty, Mao Zedong came out. He was appointed by the Prime Minister, except for the Prince Consort Duwei, and participated in the Prime Minister's military affairs. He was already fifty years old. In order to seek Hua Yi's meritorious service, I was granted the title of Marquis of Buting.

The emperor was the king of Jin, and the envoy was also Zhongshu Lang. At that time, when Diao Xie and Liu Wei were in power, Director Wang became quite alienated. I am pleased that Chen Dao is a loyal and virtuous person with the honor of assisting people. He said that no matter how big or small, it is appropriate to consult. Because this was not in line with the purpose, he was appointed as Situ Zuo Changshi, and later moved to Wuxing as the prefect. Shen Chong rebelled, Yu abandoned his official position and returned to the capital, worshiped Yu Shi Zhongcheng, and moved to Shi Zhong and Taichang. When Su Jun rebelled, he happily served in court and guarded the ancestral temple. At the beginning, Yu was the chief historian of Situ. The mother of Pingnan General Wen Qiao died in chaos and was not buried, which was not good enough. At that time, the mountain was flat, but Qiao had great achievements. Yu went to the stone to reach Qiao. Qiao held Yu's hand and shed tears and said: "The world is in chaos, loyalty and filial piety are ruined. You are the only one who can uphold the integrity of the ancients and not wither in the cold years." "Ear." At that time, people praised Qiao Jugong and Zhongyu for his uprightness.

In the eighth year of Xianhe, the edict said: "Shang Shu ordered Wan and Zuopu Sheyu to abide by their official positions, and their salary did not replace farming. Duanyou had heavy responsibilities and was respected by the previous dynasty. He gave Wan's trusted followers three Ten people, please give twenty people a gift. Later, the leader will take Zhao Yin as the guard. He happily said to the leader: "Since the ZTE, the officials who have held this position are Zhou Boren and Ying Siyuaner. Since there is a lack of talents, how can it be that Zhao Yin is here?" The leader refused. This is how it stays. It is the title given by the guide.

After that, he will send servants to the left and right, and he will take pleasure as the servant of the minister. During the happy years, he was begging for bones in a hanging chariot, but he was not allowed to do so. He was transferred to the general of the guard army, and he was added as a regular attendant on casual cavalry. Juzhang County has the old Pipi of Han Dynasty, which was destroyed for hundreds of years. I happily patrolled, repaired the old weir, and irrigated more than 200 hectares of farmland, all of which turned out to be a good business. In the third year of his stay in the county, he built several acres of land at the foot of Houshan Mountain in Shanyin, Hunan, and built a house with thatched cottages. Then he abandoned his official residence and donated millions of dollars to get nothing. He died in the eighth year of Xiankang in the 75th year of his reign. As a gift to the general of chariots and cavalry, and to the three divisions of Kaifu Yitong, his posthumous title is Zhen.

(Selected from "Book of Jin·Biography 48")

Reference translation Kong Yu, whose courtesy name was Jingkang, was from Shanyin, Kuaiji. Kong Yu's father died when he was 13 years old. He was famous for his filial piety in supporting his grandmother. He was as famous as Zhang Mao, also named Weikang, and Ding Tan, named Shikang, both of whom were from the same county. People at that time called them the "Three Kangs of Kuaiji". After Wu was pacified, Kong Yu moved to Luoyang. In the last years of Emperor Hui's reign, he returned to his hometown and walked between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers. He encountered Shi Bing and Feng Yun making trouble. Feng Yun forced Kong Yu to join the army. Kong Yu refused to obey. Feng Yun wanted to kill him. Zhang Tong, the Sima of Feng Yun, relied on Feng Yun. Rescue prevented death. He returned to Kuaiji eastward and hid in the Xin'an Mountains. He changed his surname to Sun and made his career in farming and studying. He was very reputable in the countryside. Later, he suddenly left. The villagers thought he was a god and built a temple in his honor. During the Yongjia period, Emperor Yuan began to guard Yangzhou as General Anton and appointed Kong Yu to join the army. His relatives in his hometown were looking for him, but no one knew where he was. In the early years of Jianxing, he came out to accept the summons. He was appointed prime minister and was successively awarded the title of Commander-in-Chief Prince-in-law and participated in the military affairs of the prime minister. He was already fifty years old. Because of his contribution to the crusade against Hua Yi, he was granted the title of Marquis Yubuting.

When the emperor was the king of Jin, he was appointed as Zhongshu Lang for a long time. At that time, Diao Xie and Liu Wei were in power, and Director Wang was very alienated. Kong Yu stated that Director Wang was loyal and virtuous and had made great achievements in helping to create great undertakings. He also said that he should be consulted no matter how big or small the matter was. Because this matter was not in line with the wishes of the King of Jin, he was appointed as Situ Zuo Changshi and was promoted to the prefect of Wuxing many times. Shen Chong rebelled, and Kong Yu abandoned his official position and returned to the capital. He was appointed as Yushi Zhongcheng and moved to Shizhong and Taichang. When Su Jun rebelled, Kong Yu wore court clothes and guarded the ancestral temple. At the beginning, when Kong Yu was serving as Situ Changshi, because the mother of Pingnan General Wen Qiao died and was not allowed to be buried in troubled times, he did not exceed his rank. By this time, Su Jun had been pacified, and Wen Qiao had made great achievements. Kong Yu went to Shitou to see Wen Qiao. Wen Qiao took Kong Yu's hand and said in tears: "Today's world is in turmoil, and the way of loyalty and filial piety is declining. Can we maintain the ancients' You are the only one whose integrity will not change even under difficult circumstances." At that time, people said that Wen Qiao held the position of public minister and could respect Kong Yu's moral integrity.

In the eighth year of Xianhe's reign, the edict said: "Shang Shu ordered Lu Wan and Zuo Pu Shekong Yu to fulfill their duties and receive meager salaries. Shangshu ordered Lu Wan to have a heavy responsibility, which was valued by the previous dynasty, and Lu Wan was given to his cronies. Thirty people, Kong Yu twenty people, the emperor's reward." Kong Yu Shangshu repeatedly refused, and the emperor issued an edict not to agree to his request. Later, Director Wang was about to appoint Zhao Yin as the guard. Kong Yu said to Director Wang: "Since the ZTE, Zhou Boren and Ying Siyuan have held this official position. There is indeed a lack of talents now, how can we let Zhao Yin take this position!" Director Wang did not listen. That's how he kept to the right path. Therefore, he was resented by Director Wang.

Later, the left and right servants were revoked and Kong Yu was appointed as the minister. Kong Yu was already seventy years old. He requested to retire many times, but was not allowed to do so. He was transferred to the position of general of the army guard and became a regular attendant of casual cavalry. There is an old embankment from the Han Dynasty in Juzhang County, which has been abandoned for hundreds of years. Kong Yu went on an inspection tour, repaired the old embankments, and irrigated more than 200 hectares of land, which turned into fertile farmland. After three years in the county, he built a house and a few thatched houses in a few acres of land at the foot of Houshan Mountain in Hunan, Shanyin, and then abandoned his official position to live there. Give away millions of dollars and don’t take any money. Because he was seriously ill, his will asked him to be buried in ordinary clothes, and he was not allowed to accept any funeral supplies donated by his neighbors. At the age of seventy-five, he died in the eighth year of Xiankang. He was given the posthumous title of Chariot General and Kaifu Yitong, with the posthumous title of Zhen. 2. Reading answers to the classical Chinese biography of Wang Fu

Wang Fu, whose courtesy name was Chuyang, was from Gu'an. In the seventh year of Zhengtong (1442), he passed the imperial examination. The Criminal Division was assigned to Shizhong. He has a loud voice, a beautiful appearance, and is good at expressing his ideas. Promoted to General Political Councilor. He also invaded the capital first and invited ministers to go out to meet the emperor. No one dared to go, so Wang Fu asked to go. So he was promoted to Youtongzheng, acting as Minister of Rites, and went with Zhao Rong from Zhongshushe. The enemy showed their swords and threatened them, but Wang Fu and others were not afraid of this. After returning, he still served as general affairs officer and was promoted to general affairs envoy.

In the first year of Chenghua (1465), Yansui's general officer sent a report to pursue and attack the Hetao tribe, and the emperor issued an edict to reward them. Wang Fu believed that it was inappropriate to travel seven hundred miles to fight, and was worried about provoking disputes in the hope of unexpected success. He asked for an edict to warn Xiaoyu. The emperor thought he was right. Promoted to Shangshu.

Chen Jue, who lives in a rich family, was originally a painter. When he died, his nephew Chen Xi asked to inherit Baihu. Wang Fu said: "Although hereditary inheritance is an order of the late emperor, it is not a military achievement and should not be allowed." So he stopped.

Maoli children invaded the border, and the emperor ordered Wang Fu to return to the capital to inspect Shaanxi's border guards. From Yansui to Gansu, he observed the terrain and said: "Yansui starts from the bank of the Yellow River in the east and ends at Dingbianying in the west, lingering for more than 2,000 miles. The dangerous passes are all inland, and there are no barriers outside the border. They can only be reached by forts. Defense. Instead, the army is stationed inside, but the people live outside. Once the enemy enters, the people have been plundered before they move in. In addition, when they reach Qingyang from the southwest, they are more than 500 miles away, and the beacon fire cannot be connected. When it arrives, the people don't know yet. Please move the 19 fortresses such as Fugu and Xiangshui to important places close to the border, and move them every 20 miles from Anbianying to Qingyang and from Dingbianying to Huanzhou. Build one pier, totaling thirty-four, and build trenches and walls according to the terrain to make it easier to defend and resist." After the memorial was presented, the emperor followed his advice.

Wang Fu was reassigned to the Ministry of Industry. Wang Fu strictly abides by laws and regulations, and his reputation exceeds that of the Ministry of War. At that time, the Zhongguan asked for the construction of a corridor to the northwest of the imperial city. Wang Fafu lied to He Dafu, but Lafu proposed to slow down the matter. Gao Fei also said that disasters are frequent and it is not appropriate to force tens of thousands of people to do useless things. The emperor did not allow it. The lieutenant-general leading the Tengxiang Fourth Guards requested to be given cotton jackets and shoes and trousers. Wang Fu insisted not to allow it, saying: "The imperial court made these things originally for the soldiers on the expedition, so that they could set off today without having to bother to sew them. The Beijing army supplies cloth and cotton for winter clothes every year. This is an established system. How can it be done?" Can it be changed?" After Daying Dharma King Keshiba passed away, Zhongguan asked to build a temple and a pagoda. Wang Fu said: "The Great Merciful Dharma King only built pagodas and not temples. This system should not be established now." So he only ordered the pagodas to be built and sent 4,000 soldiers to serve him.

Wang Fu likes ancient books and studies. He abides by the rules of integrity and restraint. He does not have city government when interacting with others. He works as an official and has a general knowledge. He has served in the Ministry of Industry for twelve years. When he encountered disasters and mutations, the admonishers said that he was old. Wang Fu asked to retire. The emperor doesn't allow it. Two months later, the admonishment officer impeached Wang Fu again. The emperor then sent a decree ordering him to resign and return home. After his death, he was given to the crown prince as his Taibao, and was given the nickname Zhuang Jian.

3. Li Mengdeng’s classical Chinese translation

Li Mengdeng is from Fujian. When Emperor Qianlong appointed Emperor Xiaofeng as magistrate of Xiaofeng County, he went to the county in confusion with three comrades and his family. When I first visited the governor, he asked for gold, but he refused because he was holding a thorn and was not allowed to enter. Meng Deng sat on the rope bed at the military gate, but did not leave for the whole day, saying: "I am meeting with the officials, and it is not a private visit. As soon as the official comes out, he will do nothing in front of the public, and what will he do to ridicule the gate?" The gatekeeper reluctantly agreed. Ye. The governor observed his condition and warned him: "You have no fancy decorations and are very good, but you are not a good official. It is better to urgently seek general laws and regulations. Those who can manage the clerk should be sent to the undercover, and the common people will not catch you." Meng stepped forward and said: " Xiaofeng's salary is only thirty gold, and he cannot provide food for the guests. Mengdeng and others are all filial and honest. No matter what, the soldiers were impeached and removed according to the formula, and the officials only read for three months.

If you dream of being an official, there will be no formal guards when you go out, and there will be no slaves at the door. If there is a lawsuit, you will go directly to the office. Meng Deng analyzed it, so he advised it, and both structures were happily solved. When I left the county gate, I didn't see a single subordinate official. When a subordinate official asks for something, he says: "You have children who are doing nothing for your parents and are using slaves as slaves? If you want to make a living, you will have to work as a farmer. Otherwise, please wait until I come." There is nothing in the county court. Walking alone in the streets, discussing health and disease with the elders, or meeting a handsome young man, holding an essay in hand, chatting about the day, and the people of the county are at ease.

When Meng Deng was dismissed from office, his successor came to the door, handed over his seal, and bowed before leaving. Asking about the official property in the warehouse, it is still known as the former official seal. After reviewing the documents and books, he said: "He has his own master." After inspecting the case in prison, he said: "I have advised him to put it down." However, he did not examine himself to find out the reason for the condemnation, so he wrote to his fellow officials with letters and said: "Mengdeng has been a county for only three years." Yue, he didn't offend the people, he didn't do anything with his heart, but he was dismissed. Why?"

Meng Deng was dismissed from office, and he couldn't return, and the people were fighting for food. The small people who sell the goods come to invade Xiaoxiao, and everyone throws the fruits, vegetables and millet they admire outside the door, and then opens the door to get food and snacks without knowing where they came from. However, if you live for a week in leisure, you will not be in great need. Finally, the people of the county made gold for the rule and made a green lid as a gift. They named it to tens of thousands of people and honored him for his work. Those who have benefited from Mengdeng for several generations have carried Mengdeng to their homes on foot.

(Excerpted from "Qing Bailei Chao·Official Administration")

Note ①悃愊: kǔn bì, sincerity. ②窭: jù, poverty. ③醵: jù, collect money, raise funds.

Reference translation

Li Mengdeng is from Fujian. In the Gengyin year of Qianlong, he was appointed as the magistrate of Xiaofeng County. He went to Xiaofeng County to take up the post in a daze with only three or two like-minded people without his family. First, he went to visit the governor of Zhejiang. The guard asked for money, but he ignored him. The guard then took his name card and refused to let him in. Li Mengdeng then took a bed and sat in front of the Yamen. He stayed there all day and said, "I am reporting to the Governor on official business, and it is not a private invitation. When I wait for the Governor to come out, I will report the official business in front of his sedan chair." , What do you want the guards to do?" The guard had to reluctantly inform him. Seeing his situation, the governor warned him: "It's good that you are sincere and simple, but you have never been an official before and are not familiar with official affairs. You should find staff who are proficient in legal documents to come to the shogunate as soon as possible. , maybe it can help you make up for your shortcomings." Li Mengdeng stepped forward and said, "The annual salary of the humble post is only 30 taels, and I can't afford to support the court. However, the few friends brought by the humble post are all talented people. If you all study hard and believe in the ancients, you should consult with them morning and night, and you should still be worthy of your trust." The governor smiled coldly (and said nothing more). Not long after, he was finally impeached and removed because his work did not conform to official procedures. He had only been in office for three months.

When Li Mengdeng was an official, there were no ceremonial guards when he went out, and there were no doormen in the yamen. If anyone wanted to file a lawsuit, he could go directly to the county yamen hall to find him. Li Mengdeng immediately analyzed the pros and cons of the matter for the parties, and advised them to settle the lawsuit and end the dispute, so that both parties to the lawsuit could settle happily. When I left the county government office, I still couldn't see a government official. When someone from the yamen asked for assignments, he said: "Where are the children (metaphorizing the common people) who report things to their parents (parental officials), but have the yamen (treat them like prisoners) to torture and examine them? If you must seek to maintain your life Why don't you give up being a government servant and become a farmer? If you don't want to do this, please wait until I leave office." When there is no official work in the county government, he often walks alone in the fields with his elders. Discuss the pros and cons of governance. If you meet a young person who is studying, you will hold hands with him and talk about articles and knowledge from morning to night, tirelessly.

When Li Mengdeng resigned from office, the new magistrate who succeeded him came to the Yamen. After handing over the seal, he bowed deeply and left. During the handover, when asked about the storage of grain and public goods in the county government warehouse, the seal of the previous magistrate was still attached. After checking the lawsuit files and documents, he said: "Each of them has a person in charge (meaning that each has a dedicated person in charge and is organized)." When the new official asked about the litigation situation, he replied: "(People's disputes) have all gone through The persuasion subsided." But he himself did not understand the reason for his dismissal. He wrote to his colleagues who served in the same government office one by one, saying: "I have only been the magistrate for three months, and I have never offended the people. I have never failed to do my best in official duties. Okay, but why was he dismissed? ”

After Li Mengdeng was dismissed from office, he became very poor, so poor that he could not even return home, and the people rushed to help him. Small businessmen and hawkers would place unsold vegetables, fruits, corn, etc. outside their doors early in the morning. When they opened the door, they would bring them to cook without asking where they came from. However, after living like this for a full year, there has never been any serious shortage. In the end, the people of Xiaofeng County raised funds to help him return home, and made a green umbrella for him. Tens of thousands of people signed on it, allowing him to embark on his glorious journey home. Several people who had been favored by Li Mengdeng carried burdens and sent Li Mengdeng to his home in Fujian.