How to improve employability, how to improve employability

With the continuous enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in recent years, the number of college graduates has greatly increased, and the employment problem of college students has become increasingly prominent, which has brought greater pressure to society, enterprises, schools and students themselves. To a great extent, the pressure comes from the difficulty in matching the employability of college students with the needs of employers. Nowadays, college graduates have different comprehensive qualities and employability. In order to cope with the competitive pressure, employers have raised their employment requirements. The gap between college graduates' employability and employment requirements has become an important reason that restricts graduates' smooth employment. Therefore, this paper combines the employability of college students with the needs of enterprises, explores the actual needs of enterprises for talents, and deeply analyzes the shortage of college students' employability, and puts forward measures to integrate various factors to improve college students' employability.

Paper web China/9/view-1710545.htm.

Keywords college students; Employability; improvement measures

In 2003, after the large-scale enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in China, the first batch of college graduates opened the first employment peak. Since then, the number of college graduates has soared year by year, from 210.2 million in 2003 to 2010.6 million. However, compared with the growth rate of graduates, the employment demand of enterprises has increased very little. In particular, the international financial crisis, economic globalization, changes in the labor market, industry competition and other factors have brought pressure to enterprises, which makes enterprises face a large number of college graduates, naturally raising the requirements for employing people, thus increasing the difficulty of re-employment of college graduates. Faced with all kinds of unfavorable factors, neither colleges nor college graduates can cope with them with old ideas and methods. How to get graduates back into the favor of enterprises and relieve the pressure of employment requires a comprehensive analysis of factors such as employment demand and market requirements of enterprises, so that college students can further strengthen their understanding of employment and enhance their ability training that is more suitable for workplace competition. Schools should strengthen the guidance of college students' employability, provide favorable conditions and carriers for cultivating college students, and make college graduates more active in employment.

First, the concept of college students' employability

Beveridge in Britain first put forward the concept of employability in 1909, which is based on the availability of workers. Later, it further developed into two representative views. The first view is that employability is an individual's ability to get and keep a job, make progress in work and adapt to changes in work and life. The second view is that employability is the potential of an individual to successfully engage in a certain job in a given labor market. For college students, the concept of employability refers to the ability of students to learn cultural knowledge, exercise their personal abilities, improve their comprehensive quality, realize their employment ideals, meet social needs and realize their own values. The employability of college students not only refers to the ability of college graduates to obtain and maintain jobs, but also includes the ability to deal with problems in their work and realize their personal goals and values. Generally speaking, college students' employability is a comprehensive ability related to social environment and personal quality, which is the relative knowledge gained by college students during their school years and the corresponding experience gained through practice. Basic ability, psychological quality, professional ability, learning ability and practical ability are quality groups based on quality, skills, experience and psychology.

Second, the main defects of college students' employability derived from the needs of enterprises

1. Lack of basic ability

Basic abilities include coordination ability, interpersonal communication ability, teamwork ability, execution ability, honesty awareness, responsibility awareness, etc. Although there are a variety of student activities in universities, some students can participate in them, so as to exercise their corresponding basic abilities, but more students fail to seize the opportunity to participate in them or learn from doing things to improve their personal abilities, because the average basic ability of college graduates is low. At present, relevant enterprises and employers require college graduates to have all kinds of basic abilities, especially the ability of work execution, but the satisfaction of enterprises in this respect is less than 30%. At present, college students' interpersonal communication ability, coordination ability, sense of responsibility, teamwork and leadership ability need to be further improved.

2. Weak psychological quality

Psychological quality is an important factor affecting people's life, study and work, especially in the highly competitive workplace. However, due to superior living conditions, being spoiled and protected, being hit by family changes, and poor personal psychological adjustment ability, college students nowadays cannot effectively adjust themselves in the face of difficulties. Weakness, timidity, excitability, extreme thinking and retreat when encountering difficulties have become common reactions. In the process of employing people, enterprises find that young employees have poor adaptability to the working environment and are seriously frustrated after being frustrated. When encountering difficulties, they mostly respond by escaping. In recent years, suicide cases have occurred from time to time. Therefore, for college graduates, it is particularly important to pay attention to and strengthen the exercise and promotion of their psychological quality.

3. Poor learning ability

Learning ability is the ability of self-seeking and development, and it is the ability to acquire knowledge and transform it into one's own ability, including autonomous learning ability, innovative ability, logical thinking ability, analytical judgment ability, reaction ability and adaptability. It can be said that learning ability is the basis of the formation and development of other abilities, and it is the self-adjustment ability to adapt to the new environment. Learning ability is an index that most enterprises attach great importance to. After entering the enterprise, graduates are faced with brand-new environment, new knowledge and new tasks. Whether they can quickly integrate into the new environment and groups, so as to get started quickly and get familiar with the corporate culture of their unit is closely related to their learning ability. At present, enterprises are not satisfied with college students' autonomous learning ability, innovative discovery ability and logical thinking ability, which leads to employment difficulties to some extent.

4. Low professional quality

If you want to work successfully in a certain field, you must have the special qualities necessary to engage in practical activities in this field, that is, professional qualities. However, an important problem today is the low professional quality of college students. The reasons for this problem can be considered from two aspects. The professional quality of the first college students comes from the education of colleges and universities, which is determined by the specialty setting and talent training mode of colleges and universities. It is not difficult to find that some applied knowledge, equipment and methods explained in class have long been derailed from the actual development speed and have lost their application value. Even if students learn it, their role in practice is minimal. In addition, the course knowledge is not complete enough, which objectively leads to the lack of professional quality. Students themselves study for exams, do not pay attention to the accumulation of knowledge, lack thinking and can't apply what they have learned, so that they return what they have learned to teachers quickly, which subjectively leads to insufficient employability.

5. Lack of practical experience

For enterprises, being able to recruit people with certain practical experience can greatly shorten the practice of competent work, reduce a lot of costs and create benefits for enterprises. Therefore, when recruiting college students with certain work experience or excellent practical skills. However, students often have less opportunities for this kind of practice during their school days, or some internships have not achieved real practical results, resulting in low practical ability of college students. In addition, college students' sense of superiority requires that the work unit is higher than their personal ability, so that the requirements of the employer do not match their actual ability, which leads to employment difficulties.

From the five aspects of the above analysis, it can be seen that there are great defects in the employability of college students, which has caused employment difficulties. To solve this problem, it is necessary to seek a breakthrough from college students, which is also based on the root of the problem and aimed at strengthening the comprehensive employability, thus solving the problem of college students' employment difficulties.

Third, to enhance the employability of college students countermeasures

1. Make a good career plan and define the employment target.

Career planning guidance is an important work that runs through students' college for four years. Only when students determine their career direction can they plan their study and practice better, and can they make a more realistic plan for their career direction through a rational and meticulous analysis of their personal interests and personality characteristics. It is precisely because the requirements for future work are very complicated, including personal interests and abilities, as well as the constraints of regions, industries and positions, so starting early can be more secure and avoid employment confusion to the greatest extent. Universities should provide employment guidance step by step for four years, from understanding the professional status, prospects and employment situation to understanding the needs of society and industry, and then to targeted employment guidance. Enable students to establish reasonable goals and plans, learn professional knowledge, enrich practical activities and improve their comprehensive quality by understanding their careers and self.

2. Strengthen the importance of learning and cultivate learning ability.

Due to cramming mechanical learning in exam-oriented education, students are accustomed to being forced to study, lose interest in learning, and even have a strong resistance. This is also a part of excellent college entrance examination students' grades plummeted after they arrived at the university, which laid a hidden danger for graduation employment. Therefore, it is particularly important for students to find reasonable learning methods, especially autonomous learning ability, when they arrive at the university. This kind of independent learning ability in the workplace is also a powerful guarantee for quickly entering the working state and the smooth development of career. At the same time, students should have good learning motivation, more from the perspective of increasing knowledge reserves, improving knowledge structure and enriching knowledge content, rather than for exams. Plus good study habits, reasonable control of personal learning behavior, in actual learning, so that learning ability can be more comprehensive exercise.

3. Make effective use of practical opportunities and exercise practical skills.

There are many good opportunities to exercise your ability in college, outside school, in class and outside class. For example, all kinds of club work and class work in schools can train students' practical ability, brain ability, coordination ability, communication ability and cooperation ability. With the teaching of the course, we also arrange opportunities to visit and practice in various industries. If we can really make good use of this practice, we can really combine the functions of the major with the problems in production, instead of becoming a mere formality, which will play a multiplier role in students' understanding of the major. Social-related, such as summer social practice, is a good classroom to exercise communication skills, find problems and solve problems.

4. Down-to-earth mentality, starting from the grassroots.

College students have a sense of superiority, most of them are loved by their parents and can't bear hardships. Therefore, when choosing a job, they will customize their starting point too high, but in fact they don't have the ability needed by enterprises. Going to the enterprise category needs to learn from the most basic things and semesters to the production line. Therefore, what college students need is peace of mind, low-key, and tempering in hardships. Only with this indomitable spirit can they pave the way for their future.

5. The school optimizes teaching and strengthens ability training.

The majors in colleges and universities should adapt to the demand trend of society for talents, pay attention to the infiltration of comprehensive application ability in teaching, strengthen the connection between disciplines, and make practical design more suitable for production practice and more creative and comprehensive. Strengthen the organization and guidance of competitions in various disciplines, especially concretize basic disciplines in competition works, and at the same time exercise logical thinking and innovation ability well. The teaching plan is constantly adjusted according to the needs of the industry, so as to keep pace with the times, expose students to advanced technologies and methods as much as possible, and improve their practical ability and vocational adaptability.

6. Strengthen the cultivation of employment psychology and improve adaptability.

First of all, colleges and universities should consciously create a harmonious living and learning environment, strive to form a good school spirit and style of study on campus, and enhance students' positive hints in a good atmosphere, thus contributing to the improvement of students' psychological ability.

At the same time, colleges and universities should offer mental health courses and often carry out psychological consultation and guidance to improve students' psychological introspection ability and relieve students' psychological pressure in time. At the same time, students should face up to psychological counseling, seek help in time when encountering psychological problems, find out the problems and form good psychological maintenance habits. Pay attention to the cultivation of sunshine mentality, face the actual joy or sadness with a positive attitude, enhance psychological endurance, and cultivate psychological adjustment and adaptability. Only good psychological quality can cope with the competition in the workplace and adapt to the work.

Four. abstract

Improving college students' employability is inseparable from the government's guarantee, social tolerance, school training and students' personal efforts. In short, each discipline should play its own dynamic role and form a benign interaction between disciplines, thus solving the employment problem of college students and realizing the sustainable development of higher education and society.

refer to

[1] Zhu Yongyong. Several aspects of improving the employability of college students [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Youth College, 2008( 1);

36-37.

[2] Zhang Yingchun, Zhao Jianfeng. Strengthen the cultivation of college students' employability and enhance their core competitiveness in employment [J]. Modern Economy, 2009(6): 126- 127.

[3] Wu. Reflections on the employability of college students ―― Taking Ningbo as an example [J]. Journal of Ningbo University (Education Science Edition), 2007(02).

[4] Li Zhongjun, Zhang Yuping. On the main experiences and practices of improving the employability of college students [J]. Human Resources, 20 10( 12).

[5] Cao. Reflections on autonomous learning and its significance [J]. Journal of Mudanjiang Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), 2006(04).

[6] Huang Zhu. Analysis of college students' employability and reflection on educational strategies [J]. Career Time and Space, 2009(9):78-79.