Where does Liling porcelain come from?

Liling porcelain is a geographical indication protection product. Liling porcelain is a trademark of geographical indication.

China has a long history and culture, and porcelain culture is a very representative culture in China. In English, porcelain and porcelain are both called "China", which shows the great influence of China porcelain in the world. Under-glaze porcelain is a traditional ceramic decoration art in China, especially the under-glaze porcelain produced in Liling, which enjoys a high reputation in the world. Liling underglaze multicolored porcelain displayed in Bobao Town Shopping Mall is exquisitely made and exquisite in craftsmanship, which brings us into a colorful porcelain world. Porcelain works have high ornamental and artistic value.

The Chinese nation loves red, and people are more willing to send good wishes to relatives and friends. Therefore, China Red Porcelain was given as a national gift to 48 African VIPs. As a result, the purple sand collection fever has arisen. China red porcelain is indispensable for more etiquette communication, which conveys friendship and good wishes. Today, Liling purple sand is booming. Red porcelain enterprises represented by Hongyu Red Porcelain keep forging ahead and bring more and more beautiful red porcelain to the peace-loving people of China.

Liling is an ancient and modern city in the south of the Yangtze River. It enjoys the reputation of "porcelain capital" and is the origin of world-famous underglaze colored porcelain. Porcelain is one of china's original inventions, and it is still called "China" in English. Liling ceramics production has a history of nearly two thousand years. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liling had a large-scale workshop, specializing in pottery production. In the seventh year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1729), Liling began to burn coarse porcelain. Liling porcelain industry entered a new development period in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. Since ancient times, it has been known as the "world famous porcelain comes out of Liling", which is called the peak of oriental ceramic art. Liling porcelain not only entered the Great Hall of the People in the capital, Zhongnanhai and Chairman Mao Memorial Hall, but also traveled across the ocean and exported to five continents, and was deeply loved by people all over the world. Liling porcelain has exquisite porcelain quality and exquisite pattern painting, especially colorful underglaze porcelain, which has high artistic value and use value.

Liling porcelain recruitment brand

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history

In the long history, many people with lofty ideals and skilled craftsmen have made great contributions to the development of Liling porcelain industry. 1904, Xiong Xiling, a native of Fenghuang, Hunan Province (who served as the Northern Ocean Phase 0 after the Revolution of 1911) and Wen Jun Duo, a juren from Liling who participated in "Bus-",went to Japan for an inspection in line with the idea of saving the country through industry. During their stay in Japan, they found that Japanese porcelain industry has advanced technology and excellent products. After returning to China the following year, accompanied by Wen Junduo, Xiong Xiling visited the main producing areas of coarse porcelain in Liling, and found out the main reasons for the backward production of Liling porcelain industry. At the same time, he saw the favorable conditions for Liling to further develop porcelain production: a broad consumer market, rich porcelain clay resources and low labor prices. Immediately put forward the idea of "establishing schools and companies", which was strongly supported by the Hunan government. At that time, Hunan Official Porcelain School was officially opened in Liling. The following year, Hunan Porcelain Manufacturing Company was established in Liling, with Xiong Xiling as the general manager and Wen Junduo as the school supervisor. The company hired Japanese technicians and Jingdezhen skilled workers to introduce the most advanced production technology and equipment in Japan at that time, which opened a new era of Liling from coarse porcelain production to fine porcelain development. Liling's unique underglaze porcelain was developed under this background.

earlier stage

Previously, Liling porcelain used a single cobalt oxide (commonly known as soil ink) as raw material for color decoration. After the rough flower pattern is hand-painted, it is glazed and fired into underglaze blue-and-white porcelain. From 1907 to 1908, Hunan Institute of Porcelain developed a variety of underglaze pigments, such as grass green, navy blue, bright black, ochre and agate red. Famous painters of Hunan Porcelain Company and graduates of ceramic classes of porcelain school have repeatedly developed and produced refreshing colorful underglaze porcelain by using self-made underglaze pigments, double hooks filled with water and "three-firing" method of Chinese painting. Under-glaze multicolored porcelain is exquisite in porcelain quality, exquisite in painting, fresh and elegant, unique in style, colorful under glaze, showing vivid pictures, which has high artistic value and use value. Its appearance immediately aroused great concern and praise from people in the industry and public opinion at home and abroad. From 1909 to 19 1 1, Liling underglaze multicolored porcelain participated in Wuhan Persuasion Association, Nanyang Persuasion Association and Dulang International Competition respectively, and won gold medals in succession. Liling porcelain began to make a name for itself in China and went to the world. "White as jade, bright as a mirror, thin as paper and loud as a chime" was a good evaluation of Liling porcelain at that time.

middle period

19 15, Liling porcelain crossed the ocean and participated in the Panama Pacific World Expo held in San Francisco, USA. The underglaze colored lentil and bird porcelain bottle and Kweichow Moutai won the highest honor, winning back two gold medals for China. The lentil and bird porcelain bottle is a classic work of Hunan Porcelain Company 19 1 1 year. The bottle is 46.8 cm high and 20 cm in diameter, white as jade, shaped like a phoenix tail, with smooth lines, crystal glaze, calm and elegant colors, vivid and natural color composition and exquisite craftsmanship, which is amazing and praised by foreign public opinion as "the peak of oriental ceramic art". Since then, Liling porcelain has enjoyed a world-renowned reputation, with an endless stream of buyers, and a number of private fine porcelain manufacturing companies have been built one after another. At that time, the grand occasion kept pace with Jingdezhen, and underglaze colored porcelain became a major feature of China ceramics, which was also a world-wide initiative.

After a short development of one or two decades, the production of underglaze multicolored porcelain began to decline in the late 1920s and was affected by many wars. Many porcelain factories in Liling 100 stopped production, and Hunan Porcelain Company, which was the first to produce underglaze colored porcelain, closed down on 1930, and the production of underglaze colored porcelain was interrupted.

after liberation

From 65438 to 0949, Liling was peacefully liberated, and the dying Liling porcelain industry was like a dead tree in spring. In the following years, Liling porcelain industry quickly recovered and made great progress. 1954, in order to resume the production of underglaze colored porcelain, which was interrupted for more than 20 years, after repeated searching by relevant departments, Wu Shouqi, the first graduate of the original pottery painting class of Hunan Ceramic Industry School, was found. At this time, Wu was nearly old and was enjoying his old age in the countryside. After Wu Lao came out of the mountain, while training underglaze painters, he reformed the traditional craft, changing "three firing" into two firing, and the production of underglaze colorful porcelain was restored in a short time. Since then, Hunan Ceramic Research Institute and Liling Porcelain Company Art Porcelain Factory (Li Qun Porcelain Factory) have been established one after another, becoming specialized research and production units of underglaze decoration. During this period, Liling porcelain industry quickly realized the historic transformation from manual to mechanical, from wooden kiln to coal kiln. New materials, new technologies, new processes and new products emerge in an endless stream, and underglaze multicolored porcelain reappears brilliantly, even gaining the reputation of "national porcelain".

Overall characteristics

Liling's underglaze porcelain is not only beautiful and elegant, but also has the advantages of friction resistance, acid and alkali resistance, lead-free and non-toxic, and never fading. It is a real green product and enjoys a long-standing reputation at home and abroad. Since the 1960s, underglaze colored porcelain such as arts and crafts porcelain and high-grade daily-use porcelain produced in Liling have become the best-selling products in domestic and foreign markets. With the continuous expansion of production scale, Liling has gradually developed into one of the main production bases for exporting ceramics in China.

Liling underglaze multicolored porcelain is a new type of ceramics. The firing of Liling underglaze multicolored porcelain in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China lasted only 20 years. Due to the chaos of the times, the coverage of works is not wide, and fine works are scarce, but there are only more than 400 works handed down from generation to generation. There are only 7 pieces of Liling underglaze multicolored porcelain in the Palace Museum, and only 17 pieces in the Hunan Provincial Museum. Liling underglaze multicolored porcelain has unique artistic beauty. Modeling is full of changes and tends to be lively. General vase shapes are conventional, while Liling underglaze colored porcelain often perfectly combines traditional vase shapes with other foreign shapes; And there are absolutely no dazzling colors such as big red and purple, and there is a noble temperament in elegance. It has great cultural value, craftsmanship and appreciation.

The process of making underglaze colored porcelain is extremely complicated and difficult. First, the first-class high-quality porcelain clay is selected as the embryo, and before molding, the porcelain clay is precipitated, filtered and absorbed with iron to ensure that the porcelain clay is not doped with other impurities. The real molding requires the artist to polish the porcelain body very thin and smooth, and its technology depends entirely on the artist's hand feeling, and it takes more than ten years of production experience to be competent. Its color pigments come from glaze raw materials, rare earth and colored minerals, and some also contain precious metals such as gold, which is very precious. Because underglaze colored porcelain is painted directly on the blank, it is very demanding for painters to decorate pigments on the fetal glaze. Worship the kiln gods before firing, because the painted porcelain tires have to be fired at a high temperature of about 1370℃. Because it is a one-time high-temperature firing, it is technically difficult to grasp, just like taking treasure from fire, and the yield is less than 70%. Even so, only a few porcelain factories can be fired at present. The successfully produced underglaze multicolored porcelain lines overflow the porcelain surface through the glaze, which is crystal clear and moist with high whiteness, transparency and glaze hardness. Under-glaze colored porcelain makes the patterns on porcelain visible, intangible and never fade, giving people a noisy and refreshing feeling, which makes porcelain reach; It is as thin as paper, as white as jade, as bright as a mirror and as loud as a chime. Moreover, it has the characteristics of high porcelain strength, strong vitrification of glaze, non-toxic lead and cadmium, acid and alkali resistance, wear resistance, colorfastness and durability. , which can meet people's dual requirements of beauty, environmental protection and health at the same time, and has high collection and use value.

The scope of protection of geographical indication products of Liling porcelain is subject to the scope proposed in Liling City, Hunan Province's Letter of Proposal on Delineating Geographical Indication Products of Liling Porcelain (Han [2005]120). It is a ceramic science and technology industrial park and Nanqiao Town, Fuli Town, Baitutan Town, Pukou Town, Wangxian Town, Wangfang Town, Dongbao Town, Dongfu Town, Sunjiawan Town, Sifen Town, Wan Chuan Town, Shentan Town, Qingshuijiang Town, Dashang Town, Hejiaqiao Town, Jiashu Town, Lishanba Town, Chu Jun Town and Shiting Town within the administrative area of Liling City.