Ask for an internship diary of a shoe factory! !

An internship diary of a college student in a shoe factory.

Diary of student management practice

Start date: May 20, 2008

First, the practical stage of noodle warehouse

There are shoes-making materials such as fabrics and accessories in the noodle warehouse. The main fabrics are classified as follows:

1, genuine leather, that is, natural leather;

2, polyurethane, referred to as PU;

3, polyvinyl chloride, referred to as PVC；;

4, all kinds of weaving;

5. Don't knit.

The top layer of PVC is paint, the main component in the middle is PVC, and the bottom layer is coated with adhesive.

PU, commonly known as synthetic leather, has a light specific gravity. The lines of PU are all paper lines, that is, a process of coating PU slurry on the textured release paper, cooling and setting, and then peeling off the paper, thus leaving paper lines on the PU layer. PU can also be embossed after processing, and there are two production processes: wet process and dry process. It is easy to distinguish the two. Wet method is generally thicker, because there is a primer (low foaming layer) between the surface layer and the base cloth, and there is no primer in dry method, so it is thinner and the lines are easily deformed.

Wet PU is widely used, such as bags, handbags, shoes, balls, stationery, sofas, etc. Dry PU is mainly used for packaging and clothing.

The first question is the difference between PU and PVC. Polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride can be distinguished by the following methods:

1, PU feels softer than PVC, and has good quality and toughness. It is generally used as fabric and can withstand relatively large tensile force.

2.PU is more expensive than PVC;

3.PVC can be torn hard, but PU can't;

4. The base fabric of 4.PVC is generally very thin; There are many kinds of PVC, such as water needle cloth bottom, sweat cloth bottom, and PU cloth bottom is of high quality. The base materials of PVC leather are generally woven and knitted fabrics, while the base materials of PU leather are nonwoven fabrics.

5. If the fire is used, the taste of PU will be weak, and PVC will turn black and smell.

6. The specific gravity of PVC is greater than that of polyurethane.

7. The lines of 7.PVC are deep, and the foam layer in the middle is obvious.

PU is divided into mirror PU, sheep PU, Napa PU, bicolor PU, cork PU, metal PU, Helen PU, litchi PU, pigskin PU, R6 1 PU, crocodile PU, fish scale PU and soft PU. Mirror PU is characterized by bright surface, wrinkled mirror PU, crystal mirror PU and coated mirror PU. The textures of Napa, Helen (KMF), metal and R6 1 are almost the same, which can only be distinguished by naked eyes, mainly because of the differences in texture patterns. Two-color PU surface and base fabric are the same color. Look carefully at R6 1 granule, there are some small holes; Sheep grain is a continuous small hole; Napa's lines are regular and obvious; The rest is KMF's Helen mode, and there are no fixed rules. The texture of soft PU is very shallow and light. There is also an elastic PU with obvious elasticity. The surface of semi-PU is PU and the base fabric is PVC, which actually belongs to PVC and can be torn by hand. Semi-PU is also called imitation PU.

For interns in the business department, the practice of noodle warehouse is mainly to distinguish the basic categories of fabrics, such as which are PU, which are PVC, or leather and non-woven fabrics.

The leather of the noodle warehouse mainly includes cowhide, pigskin, BKS cowhide, adhesive film leather, tree paste leather, horse skin and so on. And sheepskin has not been seen for the time being. Pigskin is divided into pigskin and pigskin. Cowhide is characterized by fine pores, uniform and tight distribution, full leather surface, stronger leather board than other skins, and solid and elastic hand feel. Cowhide is divided into cowhide and buffalo hide; Sheepskin is divided into goatskin and sheepskin. According to its hierarchy, there are three layers: the first layer, the second layer and the third layer. The first layer of skin refers to the skin of cattle, sheep and pigs with grain surface (dermis layer), which has natural and special grain surface effect. The second skin has no dermis, but fibrous tissue (reticular layer), which is treated by spraying chemical materials or covering PVC and PU films. Therefore, an effective way to distinguish the first skin from the second skin is to observe the fiber density on the longitudinal section of the skin. The first layer is composed of dense and thin dermis and a slightly loose reticular layer closely connected with it, which has good strength, elasticity and process plasticity.

From the appearance, there are fine patterns on the surface of cowhide, which feel good and have deep patterns. When you press the back of leather with your fingers, the pattern on the top of leather will not disappear, but both artificial leather and synthetic leather will change obviously.

There are fish scales on the surface of pigskin from the side, and the pores are deep, which can penetrate the fiber layer. On the back of leather, there are clear pores and patterns. Sheepskin is light, soft and comfortable. The surface pattern is fine and clear, and the selection and identification method is the same as that of cowhide. Cowhide pores are well-proportioned, yak skin pores are coarse and sparse, goatskin pores are fish-scale-shaped, and pig skin pores are triangular and coarse. Although artificial leather also imitates pores, it is not clear. Dermal and imitation leather can also be identified from the surface section, including reticular fiber layer and dermis layer. Artificial leather has only one base layer and one foam layer. Pigskin is pigskin upper leather, and pigskin is pigskin double skin.

The fabrics in the warehouse are canvas, PP velvet, printed cloth, wrinkled cloth, PP grass, flax, polka-dot Shandong silk and satin cloth; In addition, there are non-woven fabrics, which are also called non-woven fabrics and are often used in insoles and shoe linings. On the third day of practice, I began to make color cards, which are divided into five categories: PU, PVC, leather, cloth and non-woven fabric.

Contact the way to distinguish various color cards: cover the name with a notebook and identify the color cards from the bottom cloth and appearance lines.

The difficulty of identification lies in:

Difference between BKS cowhide and coated cowhide

The difference between horse skin and cowhide

Sky blue, Turkish blue, light blue and navy blue.

Plant plush

Identify metal PU and PVC

Remember bronze and cream.

Summary: According to the materials in the warehouse, the mirror, two colors, Napa only has PU, PVC is mostly sheep granules, KMF Helen granules, both of which are metal, sheep granules, R6 1.

The accumulated problems are posted in China Shoes Forum for help: I recently worked as an intern in the noodle warehouse and accumulated the following problems.

How to distinguish 1, BKS cowhide from coated cowhide? What is the difference? Looks like they all look the same.

2. What's the difference between horse skin and cowhide? Looks the same.

3. Why didn't you see sheepskin in the noodle warehouse of the shoe factory?

4. What are the main jobs of the warehouse keeper?

5. Where are all kinds of leather, PU, PVC and woven fabrics for shoes?

About the last question: the workflow of warehouse management;

Work level: receiving goods-> Save-> Protection-> Inventory-> Delivery-> Record

Function layer: purchase report, material structure report, shipment report and early warning report.

On May 23rd, I consulted Director Tang of Miancang, and the answers to the above questions are as follows:

1 and BKS cowhide have higher grades than film-coated leather, because the film-coated leather is shaved and the surface is covered with a whole layer of PU, and BKS leather has a top layer;

2, horse skin is softer than cowhide, horse skin is larger, and there are many yards. Compared with cowhide, the milk layer of horse skin is loose. ; Our shoe factory doesn't use sheepskin;

3. The vamp is mainly made of leather, PU and cloth; The back cover is mainly pigskin and non-woven fabrics; Insoles and linings are made of PVC and semi-PU, and Hong Kong Bao is used to support the hardness of shoes. There are non-woven Hongkong Bao, fine cloth Hongkong Bao and hot melt adhesive Hongkong Bao, and the outsole and midsole have a cushion called pull back (EVA). In addition, sandals should have a midsole. Pigskin is a three-layer skin with a lower grade.

Leather is classified by performance, mainly including

Full grain leather: refers to the leather that retains and utilizes the original surface (growth surface or scaly surface) of animal skin, which is called front leather.

Suede leather: refers to leather with suede surface, which is made by grinding the front side (the side with fur or scales) of leather into a positive suede, the back side (the meat side) of leather into a reverse suede, and the two-layer suede leather into a double suede.

Modified upper leather: refers to the leather which is coated with artificial membrane after the original surface of animal skin is partially or completely removed, including the first layer of modified upper leather and the second layer of modified upper leather. Anti-plush should be suede leather; Transfer coating leather is trimming leather;

From 20th to 24th, the research on noodle warehouse has been basically completed, including:

1, identification of main fabrics, basic knowledge of leather;

2. Classification and identification of all kinds of leather, PU, PVC and woven fabrics;

3. Basic identification of various auxiliary materials and packaging materials;

4, the basic process of warehouse management;

5. Make color cards of leather, PU, PVC and cloth.

During the period, I read related books: basic skills of shoemakers, operation manual of production process management, and shoemaking technology. I plan to practice in the bottom warehouse and learn some English in the noodle warehouse from the 26th.

Second, the bottom warehouse internship stage

I transferred to the basement for internship today. The monitor in charge of the warehouse is a monitor with the same surname as me in Hunan. I saw him again after dinner in the evening and greeted him warmly. The shoe factory knows more and more people. Anyway, I feel that I can touch the things in the basement in one morning. Shoe materials stored in the bottom bin include outsole, midsole, leather, waterproof platform, heel and shoe last. Because the company specializes in fashion women's shoes, the main materials of outsole are PVC, rubber, TPR, melamine sole and leather sole. Personally, I think it took a morning to distinguish the soles of these materials. Among them, the rubber bottom has a strong rubber smell, which is easy to distinguish; PVC has a heavy ratio of large base and large dosage; The elasticity of TPR is obviously greater than that of PVC, and its scientific name is thermoplastic elastomer. Minolta's main component is rubber, so it smells like rubber carefully; Leather pulp bottom is the bottom of leather material after being broken and then integrated, which is much worse than leather bottom.

Then there is the midsole, which is generally composed of midsole, airplane board, EVA and gray board. The airplane board exists to attach shoelaces to the airplane board when making sandals. The heels include ABS heels, printed heels and black luminous porcelain heels. PVC covers a large area, while PU covers a small area (such as the tip of high heels), and PVC is used for waterproof platform. There is also a shoe last engraved with the shape, size and date. Today, I read the purchase order of the warehouse and learned the price of some materials. For example, a pair of shoe last costs about RMB 50, and the price of TPR sole is 30, and the price of printed heel and PU leather is 3 in 4 yuan.

Finally, the following problems arise: 1. How to say the purchase order: deduct 5% after 60 days of monthly settlement?

2. Which department issued the production instructions in the factory, and who decided to purchase raw materials and outsource processing?

3. Do you usually buy fabrics that can be used immediately or buy some raw materials to be processed in the processing factory and then go back to the factory to make shoes?

4. What do you mean by mold bottom and molding bottom respectively?

1. Deduct 5% after 60 days of monthly settlement-for example, for materials imported in May, the material supplier will issue the bill at the beginning of the next (June) month, and then pay after 60 days (end of July), and deduct 5% from the total purchase price (that is, only pay 95%).

Your boss is black! smilehug

2. The production order is issued by the business department. The purchasing department is responsible for purchasing raw materials. External processing may also be under the responsibility of the purchasing department, but some factories are under the jurisdiction of the factory director.

3. The heels of women's shoes are generally made of the same fabric, so they are purchased and reprocessed by the shoe factory. Pairs of bottom materials are purchased by the shoe factory; It is possible for a processing factory to buy pieces of bottom material.

4. Mold bottom = the bottom that has been injected or pressed, and the mold is opened according to the size. Molded bottom = you should mean the bottom that needs a combination of various materials, such as the combined bottom that needs to be wrapped.

1. Deduct 5% after 60 days of monthly settlement-for example, for materials imported in May, the material supplier will issue the bill at the beginning of the next (June) month, and then pay after 60 days (end of July), and deduct 5% from the total purchase price (that is, only pay 95%).

Your boss is black! smilehug

2. The production instructions are ... [/quote]

Thanks ef for its speed!

1, I don't understand why I can deduct 5% from others. It seems that our factory is better than B, squeezing suppliers, hehe;

2. It seems that our company's procurement is business management, and the deputy business manager is in charge of the purchasing department;

3, EF, you should mean that the fabrics in the warehouse are usually ready-made, right?

4. Tomorrow, I will go to the bottom bin to experience the difference between the mold bottom and the molding bottom.

A preliminary understanding of the judicial department

The following questions are tips from EFSCN:

1. What kind of cutting machine? There are gantry type and rocker type, pneumatic type and hydraulic type

2.PU/PVC/ cloth needs to be stacked. How many floors at most?

3. Why can't leather be folded?

4. Stamping speed

5. Why do many punching knives have one foot?

6. Under what circumstances do you need to use a knife with both feet?

7. What is the material of the punching knife?

8. What is the poor quality? What caused it?

9. How to mark the size of the punching knife?

With the above questions, I spent a few days in arbitration and sorted out some answers:

The cutting machine used in our factory is a plane hydraulic cutting machine, 1 set *** 16 sets, and there are 26 people in the cutting department, including pulling materials, starting, counting, picking materials and managing the die. In addition to plane hydraulic shears, shoe factories generally use gantry and rocker shears.

PU, PVC, cloth and so on. You can stack 6 layers at a time according to the material, usually 3 layers on the front and 3 layers on the back, so that there are 3 left feet and 3 right feet with one knife, which can be paired. Leather can't be stacked, only cut layer by layer, because each natural cowhide comes from different cows, and the grain, damaged area, pore size and even color are different, so each cut cowhide should choose the position of the knife according to the quality of cowhide, and can't be stacked blindly. In most cases, the punching knife is single-legged, and a knife die can have left and right feet, because the fabric can be superimposed on both sides.

There are also molds with blades on both sides, called bipedal punching knives. The upper platen of the cutting machine used for this kind of cutter is made of aluminum so as not to crush the blades on it. A two-legged punching knife hits the left foot on one side and the right foot on the other side. Generally, high-grade natural leather is used, so that the edge of the punched upper is neat and symmetrical, which is more beautiful.

The marks on the die include the body number, code segment and Chinese name of the part. Such as PL8008-0382, 9#, in the back cover.

QC supervises the quality of parts cut at the cutting site, mainly to check the quality. If you find any bad materials such as color difference and dermal scar, you should immediately deal with them, usually duplex. The job of counting workers is not only to simply count the number of cut parts, but also to check the quality of parts, such as whether they are matched or not.

Fourth, the facial exercise stage.

The working face has 9 sewing machine groups and 1 peeling machine group, each sewing machine group has about 30 people, and there are about 10 sewing machines. Now the daily output is 3000-5000 pairs. Cadres above the squad leader 15, with a director and no class teacher. Hand hammer flanging, no flanging machine; The punching seems to be done by hand, and there is no punching machine (it was later found that there was a punching machine, which was borrowed from the old factory). The monthly output of uppers is 6.5438 million pairs, and 50,000-60,000 pairs of uppers are outsourced every month. Piece-rate wages for employees below the monitor.

Peeling: the hem is 7-9MM, and the joint position is 3-4MM. Generally, it is cut from the back, and the lower parts are combined to cut the front.

Printing on the back of middle leather lining: sub-trademark and origin. Screen printing with ink sometimes requires reprocessing. Hot stamping and screen printing are two printing processes.

Try to connect an upper. The sequence of each process is clear in your mind.

The types of glue are: white glue, yellow glue, powder glue, PU glue, gasoline glue (degreased oil), etc. Yellow glue is used for the combination position of the upper, white glue is used for folding, adhesive, gasoline glue is used for shoeshine, slippers and powder glue is used for folding.

Binding is to pull the neckline to reinforce.

Three main points of the face:

1, the patch cloth should be aligned with no error of 1mm;

2. Should the combination reach the "cover line dew point"?

3. Margins and needle pitches of sewing machines. The margin is generally 1.2MM, and the stitch distance refers to the number of stitches in 1 inch, which is generally not less than 12 stitches, which can be understood as density and spacing, and refers to the distance between two stitches.

The noodle sewing machine has a "universal sewing machine", which can sew straight lines and m lines; There are also high-headed bicycles and double-headed bicycles. Roller skates are generally used for sports shoes, but not in our women's shoe factory. There is also a flatbed car.

The daily output of noodle sewing machine group is calculated according to the sum of the time of each working procedure transferred by technology, so the daily output of each group is different for different types.

The upper should be shaped horizontally first, and then vertically.

The sewing machine assembly adopts fixed-point line drawing, and the middle bottom plate of line drawing is provided by the master and cut by the laser machine.

The following are measures to prevent shoes from becoming moldy:

1. The rear UV oven must be turned on, and the temperature is set to 30℃ (depending on the outsole material), which can kill mold.

2. The finished product warehouse shall be equipped with dehumidifier, and the humidity shall be controlled within 60.

3. The packaged finished shoes should be not only higher than the ground 10- 15CM, but also higher than the wall 10CM.

4. Spray mildewproof agent into the shoes and stick the mildewproof piece in the inner box.

5. Please don't open the inner box if there is a finger cutting hole on the short side.

6. When stacking in the warehouse, take time out to dry with a dryer; Put the board on the ground off the ground and off the wall.

7. When shipping and loading containers, be careful not to get too wet.

Loose lining of cloth-to prevent the lining from wrinkling after molding, brush waterproof glue on the back of the upper, then brush active glue, and then coat a layer of talcum powder after drying, so that the glue on the upper will not stick to the lining, and the active glue will react firmly to stick to the lining only after the upper is baked, so the quality standard of the surface will be:

1, whether the cutting direction of the surface is correct, and whether the color difference and grain of the leather surface match correctly.

2. Is the margin and stitch distance of sewing thread correct?

The stitch pitch of the 5# thread is 5.6-6 stitches per inch, and the number of stitches is 2 1-22.

10# stitch spacing is one inch, 6.5-7 stitches, 18 stitches.

The stitch spacing of 20# thread is 7.5-8 stitches per inch, and the number of stitches is 16- 18.

30# thread has 8-9 stitches per inch, 14- 16 stitches.

40# thread, one inch,112 stitches,112 stitches.

60# line is one inch 12- 13 stitches, 9-1/kloc-0 stitches.

The allowance of 3.40# thread is generally 1.2MM, the width of universal thread is 4MM, the stitch spacing is 7-8 stitches in one inch, and the sewing allowance of vamp is generally1.5mm. When sewing leather, use 9-1/tail-checking needle, which can not be reversed, but can only be pulled, not pulled.

4. When the vamp runs the sideline, the margin is generally 2MM. Lace and sandals need running cloth, and the margin is 2-3MM wide. It is necessary to drive two flat cables, and the needle needs to be steadily reversed back and forth, so the safety must be sufficient. If the vamp is trimmed and exposed, it must be painted with colored water, and the vamp must not be painted with flowers or discolored with sewing lines.

5. When the vamp is lined, the width of the inner vamp is generally 5-6MM, and the number of yards should not be wrongly attached to the inner and outer waist. Generally, there is a 2MM gap between the surface and the inner side of the vamp with a back Hong Kong bag, which will not stick. The vamp without post-Hongkong Bao operation must be pasted, and the radian of two waists must be fully mastered. If the former Hongkong Bao is a hot melt adhesive sheet, be sure to check whether the Hongkong Bao is missing and whether the height and thickness of the upper are correct.

6. The lining should be clean, without broken edges and broken surfaces.

7. The accessories of the folding vamp should be reinforced, and the paper lining should not leak, and it should be folded straight, without corners and waves, and the width should be operated as required.

8, the upper has elastic accessories, must be wrapped tightly, do not trumpet.

9. The vamp combination should be standard, the center point should be aligned, there should be no deviation and no traces.

10, vamp printing, whether the letters are correct and clear, and the position should be standard.

1 1. The hole in the perforated part of the upper should be clean, and it should not be tilted or broken.

12, upper with zipper, zipper width should be uniform, zipper head should not be high or low.

65438+

What is the core of the ruling? Cost control department. The accuracy of purchasing quantity is the premise. 16 plane hydraulic cutting machine. Counting, starting, picking, invoicing (the cutting instruction sheet of the picking list), filling, mold management, picking, checking leather QC and cadres. Cutting action belongs to mechanized repetitive work. For cadres, technical requirements are higher than management. On the one hand, we should save materials, on the other hand, we should ensure the quality of parts. The basic code is used to calculate the purchase amount, and the code difference may lead to errors, which will be different from the actual code number.

Fifth, the bottom formation stage.

Profile of molding: The factory has two molding production lines, each with more than 80 employees, with an average monthly output of 10W. There is an assistant manager and a supervisor, and each production line has a section chief. In addition, there is a outsole group with more than 40 employees, whose main function is the combination of midsole wrapping and heel. Employees shall implement the grading group piecework wage system, which is divided into one to five grades, and the salary shall be calculated with reference to the attendance of the current month.

Outsole group: the process of wrapping the midsole: grey board, EVA yellow glue-oven-combination-midsole white glue-midsole chalk number-wrapping-hammering-trimming-point finishing.

Technology of heel wrapping: clean white heel with PVC glue-after oven-white heel and heel wrapping with yellow glue-after oven -QC.

The process of heel-sole combination: smooth the heel with sandpaper-polish the heel and outsole with yellow glue once-polish the heel, outsole and leather twice in the oven-nail the leather into the heel-combine the heel and outsole-press the leather with a machine-QC-wrap the plastic mold on the heel.

Molding machinery and equipment: front upper, rear upper, outsole press, vulcanizing box, sole heating assembly line, last shifting machine, midsole nailing machine, heel roughing machine, hot air wrinkle removing machine, heel setting machine, upper setting machine,

Quality inspection of outsole group: pollution and deformation such as rubber marks on heel and outsole need to be picked out and repaired.

Midsole: check the sample shoes, and there can be no rubber particles on the edge of the midsole; Baotou toe has no edges and corners, the edge margin should be consistent, the edge should be important, and there is no soft edge; All-encompassing midsole toes, heels can not be angled, trademarks can not be stuck askew, and the edges need to be tightly wrapped; The plane position of sandals should be crushed separately.

Heel: check whether the sample shoes and materials are correct; Be sure to clean the heel before wrapping, and there must be no rubber particles on the surface of the heel; The heel surface needs to be tightly packed and compacted, and wrinkles are not allowed; The heel disc is smooth and will not angle.

Group bottom: check whether the sample shoes and materials are correct; The outsole combination must be in place; Don't spill glue on the edge, open the glue; Special materials must be coarse and coarse.

Size comparison of shoe sizes in different countries

United States, Britain and Europe JPN

5.5 4 37 22.5

6 4.5 37.5 23

6.5 5 38 23.5

7 5.5 38.5 23.5

7.5 6 39.5 24

8 6.5 40 24.5

8.5 7 40.5 25

9 7.5 4 1.5 25.5

10 8.5 42.5 26.5

Preforming process:

Pick (vamp, shoe last, midsole)-Nail midsole-Install Hong Kong Bao (non-woven Hong Bao)-Midsole, Velcro vamp-oven-heel setting, vamp setting-Velcro-oven-climbing front upper-waist pulling upper-playing back upper-quality inspection-shoe repair-vulcanizing.

Forming process flow of middle part:

Picking (outsole)-grinding feet-matching outsole-treating the upper with water-treating the outsole-gluing the outsole once-gluing the outsole twice-sticking the outsole-pressing the outsole-quality inspection-repairing shoes.

Process flow in the later stage of molding:

Procurement (leather, nails, wrapping paper, boxes, chopsticks, complete sets of boards)

Take off the last-nail the heel-match the middle leather-middle sole glue-middle leather glue-stick the middle leather-quality inspection-shoe repair-sleeve plate-paper ball-chopsticks-finalize the design-number-small package-sterilization-warehousing.

Molding quality problems:

Rough kicking, sticking to the bottom, causing rat holes, or causing wavy soles; The middle leather sticker is not smooth and uneven, which leads to the wind; The back bag didn't climb in, causing the back bag to become warped.

Personal views and suggestions on the present situation of shoe factory management

Recruitment pipeline: introducing old employees is the primary way, and the pipeline is relatively simple;

Training mechanism: there is basically no effective special training mechanism; The propaganda of the morning meeting and the propaganda within the department did not achieve the effect of affecting employees;

Salary and welfare: social insurance is not perfect; The composition of wages is not clearly announced; There is no corresponding reward and punishment system, and employees will be fined if they make mistakes, but there is no incentive measure to encourage employees.

Labor relations: general relations, with occasional friction; The turnover rate of workers is too high.

Career development: There is no promotion mechanism from grassroots to middle and high level, and the development of ordinary employees is limited.

According to the tips given by novices when they are not on the road, let me sort out the process of measuring the production of new bodies:

The guest intends to place an order and give the original shoes to the factory-the factory makes a new basic code shoe last-the master makes a basic code cardboard-the first pair of shoes is made (tried) according to the basic code shoe last and cardboard-the guest shows the first pair of shoes for trial-the guest decides whether to place an order-the merchant and the guest determine the unit price delivery date-the guest gives a detailed sample list-the factory makes a confirmation sample according to the monotonous fabric and bottom material of the sample. OK-The factory will put the confirmed sample cardboard on the computer-put the full set of cardboard in several yards-make shoes for inspection according to the full set of cardboard-make a full set of kopi- test kopi with KOPI cutting materials-mass-produce kopi- do trial production before trial production.

The middle leather of a pair of fashionable women's shoes generally needs the following processes:

Cutting (PVC or PU leather and water-clean sponge or latex sponge)-Stripping with sponge pad-Sticking leather pad (bonded in the oven)-Printing LOGO on leather (bronzing or branding requires engraving, silk screen printing and ink)-Leather stitching (real car and fake car).

A pair of PU sandals with hollowed-out fishmouth and wrinkled mirror, the factory material cost is 32 RMB, the worker cost is 14 RMB, and the factory ex-factory price is 52 RMB, of which the factory profit is 6 RMB (12%), and the retail price of foreign terminals is 40 USD, totaling 272 RMB, which is 5 times of the ex-factory price, belonging to ... [/url][/quote]

Such a factory should be a foreign trade explosion, and the cost price is also high. I must have left myself room. There are very few such lists now.