Brief introduction of Miyun Gubeikou campaign

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Battle of Gubeikou Great Wall in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Period

Gubeikou, also known as Hubei Kou, is an important pass on the Great Wall. It is located in the Yanshan Mountains, more than 0/00 miles northeast of Miyun County. Known as the "key to the capital", it is a battleground for military strategists. After the 9 18 incident, the Japanese heart died. At the beginning of 1933, the Japanese army approached the Jehol. Tang Yulin, chairman of Jehol Province, was afraid of the enemy like a tiger and retreated without a fight. The Japanese army occupied the Jehol Chengde without firing a shot, approaching the Great Wall and threatening Peiping and Tianjin. The fall of Jehol shocked the whole country. On March 12, the National Government approved Zhang Xueliang's resignation and he acted as the chairman of the Beiping Military Branch. In Jiangxi, Xu led the Central Army 17 Army and begged to go north to resist Japan. He and other brothers fought fiercely with the Japanese army at Gubeikou of the Great Wall, which is called the Battle of Gubeikou in history.

On March 4th, 1933, the 8th Division of Japanese Lieutenant General Yi Xi 1 Division launched an all-round attack on Huangtuliang and its west area with the support of aircraft. The Beiping Army Division ordered 107 Division to occupy the position in Qingshiliang area in the north and cover the assembly of troops in the rear. On the 6th, the 25th Division of 17 Military Pass received the order of Zhang Xueliang 505 1, and the 2nd Division concentrated in Tongxian County. On the 7th, the 67th Army of Wang Yizhe of Northeast Army (Fengxi) advanced into Gubeikou. On the 8th, the 25th Division received a telegram from Zhang Xueliang and headed for Shixia Town, Gubeikou. Due to the rapid retreat of Jehol Army, Qingshiliang fell. 107 Division fought fiercely in Huangtuliang for 4 days and retreated to Gubeikou on the 9th.

After the 25th Division arrived at Gubeikou, due to the unstable foothold, Wang Yizhe Department was required to persist for a few more days. Due to factional struggle, he refused and had a dispute with Guan. After that, Wang Yizhe reluctantly agreed. Soon, Wang Yizhe left a regiment to defend the General Building, and the rest of the Northeast Army (Fengxi) retreated. The 73rd brigade of Guan Yidu occupied the east and west highlands of Gubeikou, and took over the positions withdrawn by the Northeast Army in Longwangyu area with a battalion of 145 regiment. Zhang Yaoming's 74th Brigade assembled near Huangdaodian, and its division was located in Guandi Temple outside the south gate of Gubeikou.

On March 10, the Japanese army carried out a large-scale reconnaissance attack under the cover of artillery. March 1 1, the 8th Division mainly attacked the right-wing position. The regiment left by the Northeast Army was exhausted, and the General Building fell and occupied Gubeikou Pass. The Japanese army pursued the victory and surrounded Dai Anlan 25th Division145th Regiment. As the telephone line was cut off, the 6545 regiment. In times of crisis, the division commander ordered agent Du to lead a 149 regiment to attack the General Building. The Japanese army is well trained and all kinds of weapons are accurate. Especially this kind of small gun, Grenade launcher, is very powerful. The officers and men of the 25th Division have not yet issued helmets. Even if the grenade launcher misses, the blasted stone can hurt China officers and soldiers. 149 Wang Runbo, head of the regiment, died in this battle. Guan's teacher was hit by shrapnel in the arm and occupied Beishan after a hard battle. But at this time, the division headquarters was bombed, so Guan, as a teacher, had to give up the capture of the General Building, shrink his forces and hold his ground, and let Du Contemporary's teacher, Liang Kai, be the brigade commander of the 73rd brigade.

That night, Du resumed the command of the division. In view of the heavy casualties of the participating ministries, the strength advantage no longer exists, and it is impossible to organize reserve teams, set up second-line positions, and prepare to retreat. With the consent of Commander Xu, he set up a position south of Gubeikou, the front line of Nantianmen. On June 5438+02, with the support of heavy artillery and aircraft, the Japanese army began to storm. 145 regiment was split in two, and the division command post was attacked again. On the 25th, it had to retreat. At the beginning of the war, the 145 regiment sent a seven-person reconnaissance post to a highland called Maoershan. Due to the interruption of contact, these seven people did not receive the order to retreat, but they persisted. 13, the Japanese army deployed heavy artillery to storm, and the Seven Warriors were condescending to rely on the tenacity and resourceful resistance of the terrain. They used up all their bullets, stoned them, and hit them with gun butts, bayonets and devils. The Japanese thought there were dozens of people guarding the highlands. They were shocked when they found that there were only seven bones of China soldiers. They ordered to dig a big pit, buried seven people together, set up a wooden monument in front of the grave, which read "Monument to the Seven Warriors", and then led all the officers and men to bow.

On June 5, at 438+03, Du Jiangshi's command post was moved to Nantianmen. After consulting with Zhang Yaoming, the brigade commander of two brigades, and Kai Liang who was injured, he mobilized all means to contact the scattered troops, restore the organizational system, and stabilize the mood of officers and men. He focused on the worst door, held his ground and waited for support. Commander Xu ordered the 2 nd Division to take over the defense of the 25 th Division, and the 25 th Division withdrew and repaired it. During these days' fighting, China suffered 4000 casualties and Japanese 2000 casualties. The 8th Division of Kwantung Army stopped attacking from 14, and gathered strength to prepare for another battle. Taking advantage of this gap, Commander Xu ordered the expansion of the road from Beiping to Miyun, the erection of traffic lines and lines from Beiping to Miyun, and the emergency repair and reinforcement of various fortifications. Ordered the formation of rangers, using unfamiliar terrain and poor night fighting capacity of the Japanese army. , launched a night attack. He organized dozens of night raids and killed Miyake, the captain of the 8 th United Front of the Japanese army, which dealt a great blow to the Japanese army.

On March 23, Chiang Kai-shek came to Beiping to discuss the Anti-Japanese War and report the situation in the rear. Since the outbreak of the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, Masahiro Sakamoto, the head of the secret service in Shenyang, Japan, has been looking for a spy to cooperate with them to go south. He has looked for Duan, Wu and others, and they have all been severely rejected. However, Zhang, the governor of Hunan Province who stepped down, recognized the thief as his father, accepted 300,000 dollars from Junichiro, and decided to revolt on April 265, 438+0 to cooperate with the Japanese army and occupy Peiping, but Chiang Kai-shek had made Dai Li get rid of Zhang. On March 24, Chiang Kai-shek held a combat meeting in Jurentang, Zhongnanhai. After the meeting, he summoned Commander Xu and his party. 19 army in Shanghai (28 years before the Anti-Japanese War), 29 army (direct) in xifengkou. Hope 17 Army, as the Central Army, can also work hard and win glory for the Central Army.

16 April, Japanese Lieutenant General Yi Xi No.1 led the 8th Division, 6th Division, 8th Brigade, 8th Cavalry Wing and 5000 puppet troops, and cooperated with 70 planes and 130 tanks to storm the worse. After the 25th Division was replaced by the 2nd Division, Du Xiang introduced the Nantianmen in detail, and emphasized the importance of Badaozi Building, which is located at the top of the mountain overlooking the Great Wall and its periphery and has a wide shooting range, which can lock the Chaohe River basin and control the road leading to Beiping. However, this did not attract the attention of Huang Jie. He thought Badaozilou Mountain was very dangerous, and the Japanese army was too heavy to climb it, so he only sent a company guard. The company commander, under the enemy's situation at that time, let himself go with the flow, and even let vendors come up and sell cigarettes and alcohol casually. The Japanese army, led by traitors, captured Badaozi Building in plain clothes, and the company commander was still playing mahjong. Xu Yaoting ordered Huang Jie to recapture the Badaozi Tower after its fall, but it was easy to defend but difficult to attack, and 1500 casualties were still not recaptured. On April 23, 3000 Japanese troops attacked the Nantianmen again under the cover of planes, and all four attacks were repelled. After that, the Japanese army made a detour from 42 1.2 highland to Daxing Ling Kai, and the attack failed. On 24th, the Japanese army launched a group attack on the 42 1.2 highland, and fought until around 10, and the 42 1.2 highland fell. From April 2 1 day to April 25, although the 2nd Division wiped out about 3,000 enemy troops, it also suffered more than 6,000 casualties, which made it impossible to persist. Xu transferred the 83rd Division to defend the Nantianmen, and the 2nd Division withdrew to make up for it.

The 83rd Division is the best equipped division in the 17 army, with more than 10000 people. All the weapons are imported from Germany, and all the soldiers wear German M35 helmets. They are called "Armored Soldiers" and have quite strong combat effectiveness. After the Japanese captured Badaozi Building, they moved mountain guns and other heavy firearms up, set up artillery observation posts in various highlands, and accurately shelled the protection of the 83rd Division. The Japanese attacked under the cover of tanks. Although the 83rd Division fought to the death, it lacked anti-tank weapons, and the Japanese army succeeded. From April 28th to the beginning of May, the 83rd Division fought bravely with the Japanese army in 372 Highlands, 425 Highlands, Chetouyu, Xiaoxing Ling Kai, Shangbaozi, Bijiashan and Xiangshuiyu, and suffered heavy casualties. Liu Kan even organized medics and kitchen soldiers to fight, but their positions were constantly occupied by the Japanese. Seeing that the troops were well-equipped a few days ago, they have suffered heavy losses now. Liu Kan pulled out his gun and prepared to commit suicide. Xu Yaoting heard the news and sent someone to comfort him. The war ended in May 1 1, and He ordered the retreat. 17 troops retreated to Shunyi Beiyuan on May 19, and the battle of Gubeikou of the Great Wall ended.

The Battle of Gubeikou of the Great Wall (March 10 to May 19) lasted for 70 days and fought dozens of times. China's army blocked cutting-edge weapons with its flesh and blood, with more than 1000 casualties and more than 7,000 enemies wiped out. After China's army retreated, the bodies of the dead soldiers were left unburied, exposed to the wind and rain, and pecked by wild animals, leaving many shocking bones. Master Wang, the host of Guandi Temple in Gubeikou, hurriedly called for help and led his disciples and local villagers to find and clean up the remains. Master Wang of Tanghe Township found a bone while chopping wood in the Nantianmen. In the cold winter, he took off his cotton-padded jacket and brought it back. In this way, the bones of 360 brave men were collected and buried in Dahualou Mountain, and the graves dug out were stone slag. When backfilling, the villagers thought that the stone slag could not be pressed on the martyrs, so people came back from all directions with good soil and built a "meat mound grave" more than ten meters high to commemorate it in the north.