How to choose the direction of computer postgraduate entrance examination

Computer system architecture is one of the important subjects of computer science and technology. It mainly studies the function distribution of computer hardware and software, the division of software and hardware interfaces, the composition of computer hardware structure, implementation methods and technologies, among which embedded system is undoubtedly one of the hottest and most promising directions at present. With the strengthening of the intelligent trend of household appliances, the importance of embedded system is increasingly prominent. Embedded technology is widely used, such as mobile phone, PDA, electronic dictionary, videophone, VCD/DVD/MP3 player, digital camera (DC), digital video camera (DV), set-top box, HDTV, space equipment and so on. In addition, artificial intelligence is also one of the hot directions of computer system structure, which mainly studies how to use computers to simulate, extend and expand human intelligence, and how to design and build high-level computer application systems (such as expert system software and machine game software). ). The research in this field also includes robotics, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing and so on.

Employment information: The major of computer system structure requires students to have a solid foundation of computer software and hardware, not only to research and design computer systems, but also to have the ability of computer application and software development. Relatively speaking, the graduates of this major are relatively easy to find jobs, and are suitable for working in research fields such as computer network, embedded technology, high-performance computing, network information security and multimedia information processing, or engineering and technical fields. This major also involves some knowledge of hardware and computer core technology. Many multinational companies and well-known domestic companies, such as Microsoft, IBM, Hewlett-Packard, AMD, Autodesk, Intel, Sun, Oracle, SAP, Bayer, BEA, Sybase, ZTE, Huawei, Micro-invasive Software, Hande Consulting, Zhenhua Port Machinery, etc., have great demand for this major.

Computer Software and Theory —— "Soft and Hard"

Computer software and theory majors mainly study software theories, methods and technologies involved in the process of software design, development, maintenance and use, and explore the theoretical basis of computer science and technology development. Its research directions are numerous, including embedded software, graphics, images and multimedia, operating system, computer language and compilation system, network and information security. There are more than 20 research directions in Peking University, involving both software and hardware. The competition of this major is fierce, and the research directions of information security theory and application, embedded system, computing intelligence, information security, new programming and methodology, software automation, distributed computing and parallel processing, software engineering, advanced operating system, computer system information security and so on are mostly hot directions in the IT market today.

In recent years, embedded technology has been widely used in communication, transportation, electronics, medical care, military and many other fields, and has become the core direction of domestic IT industry development. 40% of China's software output value comes from embedded software, so it is urgent to vigorously develop embedded software technology and application, because it has become another important weight for China's software industry to achieve leap-forward development. The insiders believe that there is at least a talent gap of 300,000-500,000, including 6.5438+0.5 million embedded professionals and nearly 350,000 mobile value-added professionals.

Employment information: There are many employment directions for computer software and theory majors. As long as it is computer-related work, whether it is network, programming or graphics and images, you can get started quickly, which can be said to be "both hard and soft". Teacher Zhang reminds everyone that although the employment prospects of this major are promising, it is absolutely not enough to rely solely on basic theory when looking for a job. Paying equal attention to basic skills is the rule of successful employment. After all, the most popular graduates are those who can solve problems independently and have operational ability. This major has a large number of students every year. To stand out from the fierce competition, we must have our own unique advantages.

Computer application technology-paying equal attention to innovation and development ability

The research direction of computer application technology is very extensive, including network attack and defense technology, application of network and database technology, data warehouse and data mining, multimedia and intelligent information retrieval, data grid and knowledge grid, computer vision and virtual reality, pattern recognition and image processing. For example, the hot technology direction of computer network and information security is to study network and information security technology with computer network technology and information security technology as the core and data encryption technology, intrusion detection technology and intelligent firewall technology as the breakthrough point. With the rapid development of the domestic information industry and the vigorous development of the Internet, the market demand for technical talents such as network engineers and network administrators is increasing. Teacher Zhang introduced: Relatively speaking, network engineers have more employment opportunities than software engineers, and can develop in the fields of database management, WEB development, IT sales, Internet programming, database application, network development and customer support.

Employment information: It is very important for graduates majoring in computer application technology to have good innovation ability and programming development ability. At present, the most mainstream data warehouse platform should be ORACLE's data warehouse tool. In foreign countries, talents in some special data warehouses such as NCR/TEREDATA are very scarce. Therefore, for students in the direction of data warehouse, it is advisable to choose some industries with scarce talents, which can not only avoid fierce employment competition, but also have considerable salary.

There are also many companies that recruit algorithm engineer for image processing and pattern recognition, and algorithm engineer for recognition and computer vision. For example, ArcSoft Company of the United States and Shenzhen Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences all require candidates to be proficient in C++, VC and MATLAB, and to be proficient in basic image processing algorithms, with profound professional accumulation. Although the market has a high demand for image processing and pattern recognition, many colleges and universities provide a very good internship environment for students during their graduate studies. For example, the Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition of Shanghai Jiaotong University has undertaken more than 30 national and provincial scientific research projects in the fields of image processing, pattern recognition, data fusion, data mining and artificial intelligence, including medical image processing, target recognition and tracking, face recognition, complex time series signal recognition, tongue pulse image information processing of traditional Chinese medicine, sensor network and so on. This not only creates a good learning and practice environment for students, but also greatly enhances the employment competitiveness of graduates.