What does it mean to divide the sky into 28 stars according to the equator?

Twenty-eight stars, a great creation of ancient astronomy in China, continuously passed through the southern transit? The stars are divided into 28 groups, and each group is named after a word: horn, sound, surname, room, heart, tail, dustpan, bucket, cow, female, deficiency, danger, room, wall, tower, stomach, ang, bi, tapir, ginseng, well, ghost, willow, star and Zhang.

Twenty-eight stars are divided along the ecliptic and equator; Since ancient times, people have set 24 solar terms according to the appearance of the four seasons and the transit. Did the ancients return 28 parts? # 123; There are four large star areas, which are named as: Oriental Dragon, Northern Xuanwu, Western White Tiger and Southern Suzaku, with seven nights in each direction.

For the so-called left green dragon, right white tiger, former Suzaku, and later Xuan fighters, this is sitting north to south; If you sit south to north, on the contrary, it is left white tiger and right dragon, before Xuanwu and after Suzaku; Because dragon belongs to oriental wood, white tiger belongs to western gold, Xuanwu water in the north and Suzaku fire in the south, this is certain. It's just a habit that artists always open their mouths at the left Qinglong and the right White Tiger, regardless of the east, west and north.

In order to facilitate the observation of the five planets [gold, wood, water, fire and earth? # 123; Operationally, they will choose 28 constellations near the ecliptic and equator as symbols, which are collectively called 28 constellations or 28 stars. Their names are Jiao, Kang, Shi, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji (these seven stars make up the dragon image and appear in the eastern sky at the vernal equinox), so they are called "Seven Nights of the Oriental Dragon". # 123; Fighting, ox, female, air, danger, house and wall [these seven stars form a group of tortoise and snake intertwined images, which appear in the northern sky at the vernal equinox], so it is called "seven nights in Xuanwu, North China"? # 123; , Kui, Lou, Stomach, Ang, Bi, Mouth and Ginseng [These seven stars form the image of a tiger and appear in the western sky at the vernal equinox], so they are called "Seven Nights of the Western White Tiger"? # 123; Well, ghosts, willows, stars, Zhang, wings and birds [these seven stars form the image of a flock of birds, which appear in the southern sky at the vernal equinox], so they are called "Seven Nights in the South Suzaku"? # 123; An animal image composed of the above seven nights is collectively called four elephants, [four dimensions, four beasts? # 123; The ancients used the appearance and arrival times of the four elephants and the twenty-eight constellations to determine the key methods of seasons. The five elements of the twenty-eight constellations, the tools used by modern Feng Shui masters, were determined from here. From the above data, it can be proved that the 28 constellations are the changes of the five elements in a year, rather than the usage of the 28 solar terms used in the modern peasant calendar. The ancients resigned themselves to their fate and looked at the solar terms in the south, so there were left oriental dragons, right western white tigers and post-oriental tigers.

Constellation was called constellation in ancient times. Fan Jinzhong Residence: "Now I am the master, the stars in the sky." "The stars in the sky can't beat it." It is a superstition that the ancients thought that all the people with fame in the world were born of stars.

Twenty-eight Hostels, also known as Twenty-eight Houses or Twenty-eight Stars, is a 28-star area divided by the ancients to observe the movement of the sun, the moon and the five stars, which is used to explain the position of the sun, the moon and the five stars. There are several stars every night. The names of the Twenty-eight Hostels are arranged from west to east as follows: Black Dragon Seven Hostels (Jiao, Kangkang, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji); Seven nights in North Xuanwu (barrels, cows, women, emptiness, danger, houses and walls); Seven nights in West White Tiger (Wei Xiao, Lou, Wei, Chang Mao, Bi, Gou Zite, Shen); South Suzaku seven nights (well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing, Zhen). Tang Dynasty poem "Taiye Pool Song": "Communicate with Bailiang in the middle of the night, and arrive at Yutang in the 28th night." Exaggerated description of the stars shining in the palace. Wang Bo's preface to Wang Teng-ting: "Things are treasures, and the dragon light shoots the bull market." In other words, the products are gorgeous, and there are natural treasures. Longquan sword light shines directly on Dousu and NiuSu Xing. Liu Yuxi's poem: "The geese are startled at night, and the flags flutter and touch the stars." Describe an earth-shattering scene in which a soldier sets out. The stars are the night.

See four pictures of the article "Twenty-eight Hostels". The ancients imagined seven nights in the east, west, north and south as four animal images, called four elephants. Seven nights in the east, like a flying dragon in the air at the end of spring and early summer, is called the black dragon and the east official. The seven nights in the north appear as snakes and turtles in the night sky in summer and early autumn, so it is called Beiguan Xuanwu; The seven-night tiger in the west jumps out of the night sky in late autumn and early winter, so it is called Xiguan White Tiger. Seven nights in Nanguan is like a suzaku spreading its wings and flying, appearing in the night sky in winter and early spring, so it is called Nanguan suzaku.

In order to predict the good or bad of the world with the change of astronomical phenomena, ancient astrologers corresponded the starry sky area with the countries and states on the ground, which was called the dividing line. Specifically, it is to regard a star as the dividing line of a country, a star as the dividing line of a state, or conversely, regard a country as the dividing line of a star and a state as the dividing line of a star. For example, Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting: "Zhang Yu is the old county, and Hongdu is the new house. The stars spread their wings and meet Lu Heng. " In other words, Nanchang, Jiangxi is located on the dividing line between Yisu and Suye. Li Bai's Shu Dao Nan: Panting, we brushed Orion and crossed the well star. Then, we held our chest with our hands and groaned, and collapsed to the ground. Betelgeuse is the dividing line between Yizhou (now Sichuan) and Yongzhou (now most of Shaanxi and Gansu), and the Shu Road spans Yizhou and Yongzheng. Visiting a well means that Shu Dao is on the extremely high mountains of Yi and Yong countries, and people have to raise their heads and touch the stars in the sky to reach it.

Twenty-eight hostels and China are divided as follows.

The fourth of the seven nights in the Pleiades, the Western White Tiger, consists of seven stars, also known as the flag head. Li Heshi's poem "Autumn Quiet, See Lotus Head" in Tang Dynasty refers to the Pleiades. In the Tang Dynasty, Wei Xiang's poem "Liaodong veteran has snow on his temples, but he still looks at his head every night" also refers to the Pleiades. This poem shows a veteran's high vigilance and careful defense.

The quotient refers to the night in the seven nights of Xiguan White Tiger, and the quotient refers to the night in the seven nights of Dongguan Black Dragon, which is another name for night. The betel nut in the west, the heart in the east, and two in the starry sky, one for this and the other for this, are often used to mean that people can't meet each other when they are separated. For example, Cao Zhi's poem "When friends meet, it is as difficult as the stars in the morning and evening".

Wall lodge refers to the seventh of the seven nights in Beiguan Xuanwu, which consists of two stars. Because it is in the east of the bedroom, it looks like the wall of the bedroom, also called the east wall. In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang said that the poem "East Wall Bookstore, West Garden Hanmo Forest" described the wall house as a library in the sky.

Streaming fire, falling; Fire refers to Mars, which is the heart of the Black Dragon Dongguan for seven nights. "The Book of Songs. July: "July is full of fire, and September gives clothes." July is equivalent to August in the Gregorian calendar, and filariasis refers to the gradual decline of the position of the fire star from the sky to the west, indicating that the summer heat has receded.

The Big Dipper, also known as the Big Dipper, refers to seven bright stars arranged in a bucket (or spoon) shape in the northern sky. The names of these seven stars are: Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang. Arranged like a bucket, it is called "Beidou". According to the Big Dipper, the North Star can be found, so it is also called "Pointing Star". Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs": "If you hold an arc, you will fall. Help Beidou to drink cinnamon pulp." Nineteen ancient poems: "Yuheng refers to Meng Dong, and the stars are vivid." Yuheng is the fifth star in the Big Dipper. In the story of Xiaoshitang, "snake hunting" is used to describe it as winding as the curve of the Big Dipper.

The name Polaris is a symbol of the northern sky. Ancient astronomers admired Polaris very much, thinking that it was fixed and all the stars revolved around it. In fact, due to precession, Polaris is also changing. Three thousand years ago, Emperor Star was the North Star of the Zhou Dynasty, and Shu Tian was the North Star of the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In 12,000 years, Vega will become the North Star.

Comet hits the moon. Comet is commonly known as broom star. When a comet hits the moon, it means that the light of the comet sweeps across the moon. According to superstition, this is a sign of catastrophe. For example, "Tang drama does not disgrace the mission": "Zhuan Xu stabbed Liao Wang, and the comet hit the moon."

Bai Hongguan's "rainbow" is actually a kind of "halo" and an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere. The appearance of this phenomenon is often a sign that the weather will change, but the ancients regarded this natural phenomenon as a sign that abnormal things will happen on the earth. For example, "Tang Drama Live Up to its Mission": "Nie stabbed Han Yu, Bai Hong penetrated his grandson." Zou Yang's "Han Shu Liang Wang in Prison": "The meaning of Mu Yandan in Jing Ke in the past, Bai Hongguan, the prince feared it." Yan Taizi Dan raised Jing Ke thick and let him stab the king of Qin. The elephant appeared the day before yesterday, but Taizi Dan was afraid.

Jiao Yun Gaihua Gaihua, constellation name, * * * sixteen stars, is located in the seat of the Five Emperors and now belongs to Cassiopeia. I used to be superstitious and thought it was unlucky to be a canopy star in people's destiny. Lu Xun's poem "Self-mockery": "What does a canopy want? You dare not turn it over, you have already met it. "

The nickname of the moon is the most prominent description object of natural objects mentioned in ancient poems. Its nicknames can be divided into:

(1) Because the first month is like a hook, it is called a silver hook and a jade hook.

(2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.

(3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and jade mirror because it is like a wheel, a plate and a mirror.

(4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon.

(5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling.

(6) According to legend, there are two palaces in the middle of the month, namely Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace, so they are called Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace.

(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu.

It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e.

(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, they call the moon Chanjuan.

According to ancient myths, the name of the sun god is Xihe, and he is flying in the sky with a hexagonal dragon car. Things refer to the rising sun. "Promoting weaving": "Dong Jia, lying stiff and worrying for a long time." "Xi in the east is driving" means that the sun in the east has come out.

Sirius is the brightest star in the whole sky. Su Shi's poem Jiangchengzi said: "I can bow like a full moon, look at the northwest and shoot Sirius." Among them, the allusion comes from the stars, the bow carving refers to the vector star, and Sirius is Sirius. Qu Yuan's "Nine Songs" also says, "Is it just right to stew with a long outline bun?" Do you think it's right? br & gt

Laonian Star is the second brightest star in the whole sky and the brightest star in the Antarctic constellation. People call it the birthday girl. If northerners can see it, it will be auspicious and safe. In Du Fu's poem, he said, "Tonight, outside the Antarctic, I would like to be an old gentleman star."

Morning glory weaver "Morning glory", also known as Altair, is the brightest star in the night sky in summer and autumn, located in the east of the Milky Way. "Vega", Vega, is in the west of the Milky Way, opposite Altair. Nineteen ancient poems: "Far away, Altair, Hehan girl." Cao Tang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote "Weaver Girl with Petunia": "The beauty of Beidou cries, but her eyes are broken."

The Milky Way, also known as Han Yin, Tianhe, Tianhan, Xinghan and Han Yun, is a milky bright belt across the sky, which consists of more than 1000 billion stars. Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea": "Star Han is brilliant, if it is out of its territory." Chen Ziang bid farewell to his friends in the spring night: "The bright moon hides tall trees, but the long river is unknown." Su Shi's "Yangguan Qu": "The twilight clouds are all cold, and the silver and the Han silently turn to the jade plate." Qin Guan's "Queqiao Fairy" said: "Thin clouds are clever, flying stars spread grievances, and silver is far from Han."

One of the names of Wenquxing. In the old superstition, Wen Quxing was the star in charge of literary movement, and the person who was hired as a big official by the court was Wen Quxing. For example, Wu's Fan Jinzhong Residence: "These masters of Chinese studies are all satellites in the sky."

The ancient star name of Gang Gang refers to the handle of the Big Dipper. Taoism believes that there are thirty-six highest sun stars and seventy-two earth stars in the Big Dipper. Influenced by this superstition, the novel Water Margin attached 108 uprising leaders to the water margin, forming the highest day star and the earth star.

According to the ancient superstition of clouds and qi, dragons rise to produce clouds, and tigers roar to produce wind, which is the so-called "cloud dragons and wind tigers". He also said that where the real dragon emperor was born, there were strange clouds in the sky, which the fortune teller could see. For example, The Hongmen Banquet said, "I am very popular. Everyone is a dragon and a tiger, and this son of heaven is angry."

Lunar calendar is a traditional calendar that has been used for a long time in China. It sets the month according to the cycle of the sun, and makes the average length of a year close to the year when the sun returns by placing leap. Because this calendar arranges 24 solar terms to guide agricultural production activities, it is called lunar calendar, also known as China calendar and summer calendar, commonly known as lunar calendar. The ancients wrote articles based on the lunar calendar. For example, "You Baochan" refers to July of the first year, "Shi Zhongshan" refers to Ding Chou in June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng, and June and July of the lunar calendar are equivalent to July and August of the Gregorian calendar.

Twenty-four solar terms are an important part of China's ancient calendar. According to the position change of the sun in a year and the evolution order of the ground climate caused by it, the ancients divided the 365th day and the quarter day of a year into 24 segments, and then divided them into 12 months to reflect the four seasons, temperature, phenology and so on. This is the twenty-four solar terms. Every month is divided into two sections, the first section is called "solar terms" and the middle section is called "qi". The name and order of the twenty-four solar terms are:

Beginning of spring in the first month, rain in February, and the vernal equinox.

Qingming in March, long summer in Grain Rain in April, small full.

May awning, summer solstice, June light heat, great heat.

Beginning of autumn in July, Millennium in August, autumnal equinox.

Cold dew in September, frost in beginning of winter and light snow in early October.

Winter solstice, 1 1 month heavy snow,1February slight cold and severe cold.

In order to facilitate memory, people have compiled a ballad: "Spring rains startle spring and clear valleys, summer is full and summer is hot, autumn is cold and frost falls, and winter snow is raining." Twenty-four solar terms are often used in ancient poetry, such as "Yangzhou Slow": "Xi Chun Shen Bing went to Japan and gave it to Weiyang." Summer solstice has the longest day and winter solstice has the shortest day, so the ancients called summer solstice and winter solstice, which means winter solstice here.

Chuyang is in November of the lunar calendar, after the winter solstice and before beginning of spring. At this time, the yang is the first to move, so it is called "Chu Yang". Peacock flies southeast: "In the past, Chu Yang was old, and Xie Jia came to the door."

Four seasons refer to four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The lunar calendar takes the first month, February and March as spring, which are called Meng Chun, Zhongchun and Ji Chun respectively. April, May and June are summer. They are called Xia Meng, Midsummer and the last month of summer respectively. Autumn, winter and so on. Ouyang Xiu's Preface to the Drunk Pavilion: "The wind and frost are noble and clean, and the water comes out, and it is also in the mountains at four seasons."

In Sheri, the festival of ancient farmers offering sacrifices to the land gods was around the vernal equinox. Happy forever: "Looking back, there is a crow club drum under the Beaver Temple." The social drum refers to the drum that worships the land god on social days.

On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, there is a custom of begging for cleverness on Tanabata. Legend has it that this is the night when morning glory and Weaver Girl get together. Peacock flies southeast: "On the seventh and ninth day of the seventh lunar month, don't forget each other when playing."

The first19th day of the ninth lunar month is the day when women get together.

The collective name of heavenly stems and earthly branches. Tiangan: A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui; Dizhi: Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You, Xu and Hai. Ten branches and twelve branches are matched in turn to form sixty basic units. The ancients used this as the serial number of year, month, day and time, which is called "the discipline of branches and branches". Such as "Feng Wanzhen": "Xianfeng Gengshen, British and French Coalition forces invaded the White Sea." Xianfeng, the year of the emperor; Geng Shen, the year of dry support. "Sixty Jia Zi" is:

There are four main chronologies in ancient China:

(1) Chronology of Maharaja Ascension to Heaven. Count the years according to the years of the prince's reign. For example, Zuo Zhuan. The Battle of Dice: "In the spring of thirty-three years, the Qin Dynasty crossed the North Gate of Zhou Dynasty." I stayed in Lu Xigong for thirty-three years. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: "In the sixteenth year of Huiwen, Lian Po was General Zhao."

(2) the number of years and the method of years. There has been a title since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since then, every emperor has to change the throne and mark the year with the year number. For example, The Story of Yueyang Tower, Four Years of Qingchun, Pipa, Ten Years of Yuanhe, You Bao Chan Shan, July of the First Year of Yuanhe, Shi Zhongshan, Seven Years of Yuanfeng, Meihualing, Two Years of Shunzhi, Two Years of Deyou, and South Guide.

(3) chronology of major branches. Such as "Five Tombstones": "In memory of the arrest of Duke Zhou, I hope Ding Mao will be in March." "Ding Mao" refers to AD1627; The preface to the story of the seventy-two martyrs in Huanghuagang: "The worst death was the siege of Guangdong and Guangxi on March 29th,191." Xinhai refers to the year1911; "Letter to Wife" "Xin Wei reads six nights and four drums in March" and "Xin Wei" should be Xinhai. In modern times, chronicles of cadres and branches are often used to represent major historical events, such as the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Reform Movement of 1898, the boxer indemnity, the Sino-Japanese Treaty and the Revolution of 1911.

(4) The year number should be both a stem and a branch. When the year is numbered, the emperor's year is put in front, and the cadres and branches are listed behind. For example, Yangzhou Slow, "Xichun Shen Bing", "Xichun" is the year number of Zhao Shen, Song Xiaozong, and "Shen Bing" is the year number of the main branch; In the story of Nuclear Ship, "Apocalypse is the autumn day in Ren Xu", "Apocalypse" is the year number of Zhu Youxiao, and "Ren Xu" is the dry year. "The Memorial to Sister Wen Kuangganlong Ding Haidong", "Gan Long" is the title of Hongli of Qing Emperor Aisingiorro, and "Ding Hai" is the year of Ganzhi; Ji Ling, a plum blossom, is in April of the second year of Shunzhi. Shunzhi is the title of Aisingiorro Fu Lin, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, and Yiyou is the year of dry.

There were three lunar calendar methods in ancient China:

(1) ordinal calendar method. For example, "Herb Picking": "March flowers in the flat land, April flowers in the deep mountains." Preface to the South Guide February of the second year was the fifth summer in a year, and the fifth was May. In April this year, "Tan Sitong" ordered the rule of the country, "summoned Yuan Shikai on the first day of August" and "cut the city on August 13th".

(2) the method of the earth supporting the moon. The ancients often called twelve months by twelve earthly branches, and each earthly branch was preceded by a specific word "sword". For example, Du Fu's poem "Caotang is a thing" said: "A deserted village builds a moon, and an old woman's family is alone." "Zhuziyue" refers to the November of the lunar calendar according to the method of Zhou Dynasty. Yu Xin's "Jiangnan Fu": "In the year of Chen Wu, the moon of the sea was built and Jinling collapsed." "Building the sea" means October of the lunar calendar.

(3) seasonal calendar method. Such as "Nineteen Ancient Poems": "When Meng Dong is cold, why is the north wind sad?" "Meng Dong" stands for October of the lunar calendar; Tao Yuanming's nine quasi-ancient poems "Midspring Strikes Rain", and "Midspring" stands for February of the lunar calendar.

There were four kinds of calendars in ancient China:

1) ordinal date method. For example, "Meihualing": "On the 25th, the city fell, and the valiant soldier drew his sword and committed suicide." "Ji Xiang Xuanzhi": "On the night of March 5th, the moon is half full. "35" refers to the first15th day of the lunar calendar. Preface to the story of the July 12th Martyr in Huanghuagang: "The worst death was the siege of Guangdong and Guangxi on March 29th,191. "

2) The method of keeping the year and date. For example, The Battle of Dishes: "In summer and April, Xin Si defeated Qin Jun with vegetables." "Xin Si in April" refers to the 13th day of April in the lunar calendar; "Shi Zhongshan Ji" "Ding Chou in June of the seventh year of Yuanfeng", that is, "Climbing Mount Tai on June 9th of the lunar calendar" refers to this month18th. The ancients also used heavenly stems or earthly branches to represent specific days. For example, "Zi Mao is unhappy" in the Book of Rites, which refers to an evil day or a taboo day.

3) Moon phase and date method. Refers to the use of "new moon, non-,prosperous, both prosperous and beneficial" to mark the day. The first day of each month is called the new moon, the third day of each month is called the moon, and the middle of the month is called the moon (the fifteenth day of a small month and the sixteenth day of a big month). The day after the moon is called hope, and the last day of each month is called cloudy. For example, "Sacrificing Sister" and "Looking at the Sun in July"; "Five Tombstones" and "Looking at Ding Mao in March"; "Red Cliff Fu" is "endless in autumn, looking forward to July"; "Book with Wife" "Three or four months after the first marriage, looking around at the winter".

4) Use both the trunk and the moon. Before the dry support is placed, after the moon phase is arranged. Such as "Climbing Mount Tai": "Wu Shenhui, five drums, sitting in the pavilion with Zi Ying."

There are two main timing methods in ancient China:

1) sky chronology. The ancients originally divided a day and night into twelve hours according to the change of the sky. Their names are: Midnight, Crow, Pingdan, Sunrise, Food Time, Horn (Yu), Sun, Sun (Death), Sun (Divination), Sunrise, Dusk, and Man's Decision.

2) Geochronological method. The twelve earthly branches represent the change of twelve o'clock in a day and night.

Heavenly dryness and earthly branch are two common timing methods in ancient poetry. For example, "Peacock flies southeast": "Chickens crow into the weaving and can't rest every night." "After dusk, lonely people will settle down." "Li Su enters Cai Zhou on a snowy night": "The more it snows in the middle of the night, the more anxious it is. The more you get to the gate, the cry stops and the door breaks." "Farewell to Furong Inn and Xin Qiji": "It's cold and rainy at night, and Chushan sees the guests off." Pingming is another name for Pingdan. Another example is "Lost Street Pavilion": "Wei Bing has been sleepy since morning." Jingyanggang: "You can teach guests to help in the afternoon, at noon, not three hours." "Sister-in-law": "When you return home, you will die." Heroes Will Be Recruited by Jiang Gan: "From the time you die to the time you are not dead."

In ancient China, the night was divided into five periods, and the time was told by drums, so it was called the Five Watches, Five Drums or Five Nights. For example, "Peacock flies southeast": "Raise your head and sing to each other, reaching five shifts every night." Heroes will be recruited by Jiang Gan: "When you are listening to the pillow, the army will play the second watch." "Li Su enters Cai Zhou on a snowy night": "Four drums, forgive the city, no one knows." "Climbing Mount Tai": "Wu Shenhui, five drums, sitting in the pavilion with Ziying." Book with Wife: "Xin Wei reads six nights and four drums in March, which means calligraphy."

The division method of ancient astrology in China.

The ancient Babylonians created the division of star regions, that is, constellations. Our country also created its own star division system in ancient times. In order to know the stars and observe the sky, people give each group of stars a name. Such a group of stars are called star officials. Each star officer contains a number of stars ranging from one to dozens, and the scope of the sky area is also different. According to preliminary statistics, there are about 38 star officials recorded in ancient books in pre-Qin period. There is a record of 9 1 in Shi Ji Tian Guan Shu. It is recorded in Tian Han Wen Zhi: "There are 1 18 Chinese and foreign officials resident in Jingxing, totaling 780 Samsung." Zhang Heng wrote Lingxian, saying: "There are always 24 Chinese and foreign officials, but there are 320, that is, 2,500 stars, but the proportion of sea people does not exist."

Gan De, Shi Shen and Wu Xian in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Each has established its own star officer system. When he arrived in the Three Kingdoms, Wu Taishi asked Chen Zhuo to integrate three star officials, namely, Gan, Shi and Wu, compiled a catalogue of 283 officials and 1464 stars, and drew it into a star map (the catalogue and star map have long been lost). After the inheritance and development of Jin, Sui and Tang Dynasties, China's star distribution system became mature, and it has been used for thousands of years since then.

academic titles conferred on the three candidates who came out first at examinations held at three levels

These three walls are Wei Zi Wall, Qiu Wall and Shi Tian Wall. Each wall is a relatively large sky area, which contains several (small) stars (or constellations). According to the records in Qing Hui Dian, the division of Gan, Shi and Wu is different. There are stars in the east and west on every wall, which are arranged in a circle around and shaped like a wall, so it is called "wall".

Ziweiyuan is the middle wall of three yuan, living in the center of the northern sky, so it is also called Zhonggong, or Ziweiyong. Wei Zi Palace means Imperial Palace, and most stars are named after official names. It is located in the center of the north, with 15 stars in the east and 15 stars in the west. The two bows were joined together and surrounded by a wall. According to the observation records of Ziweiyuan during the Song You period, * * * has 37 constellations with 2 additional stars, 163 positive stars and 18 1 additional stars. Its sky area is roughly equivalent to the international constellations of Bear, Bear, Dragon, Hound, Mu Fu, Unbounded Constellation, Wang Xianxing, Hou Xian Constellation, Yingxian Constellation and Lubao Constellation.

Taiwei Courtyard is the upper wall of Sanyuan, located in the lower northeast of Ziwei Courtyard and south of Beidou. It covers an area of 63 degrees in the sky and is centered on the emperor. * * * contains 20 constellations, 78 main stars and 100 additional stars. It contains a part of constellations such as girls, latecomers and lions. Too small is the meaning of the government. Stars are often named after official names, such as Ting Wei, left law enforcement officer and right law enforcement officer.

Shi Tian Wall is the lower wall of Sanyuan, located in the southeast direction under Wei Zibi, occupying about 57 degrees in the sky, which is roughly equivalent to a part of the international cosmological constellations such as the Five Immortals, the Giant Snake and the Snake, including 19 star official (seat), 87 positive star and 173 additional star. It takes the throne as the center and becomes a screen fan. Shi Tian is a fair, and Tian Wenzhi, Book of Jin, said, "The son of heaven leads princes to prosper the city." Therefore, the names of stars are often used to name the market names of goods and instruments and commercial content. For example, Tian Wenzhi, Book of Jin, said: The emperor's seat stands for Yin and Yang, welcoming guests and bucket stands for quantity, welcoming guests is used to measure solids, and bucket is used to measure liquids. The list of "goods representing Baoyu" is Baoyu's exclusive market, and the garage is the "main cargo area".

At present, there is no conclusion about the creation time of ternary. According to ancient records, Zi Weiyuan and Tian Shiyuan, as star officials, first appeared in the book Kaiyuan Zhan Jing, which compiled the Star Classic of the Stone God, and the name of Tai Weiyuan first appeared in astronomical poems in the early Tang Dynasty. However, the official name of the star equivalent to ternary star has been included in the record of the historian "Official Book". The stars in the east and west of Tianshi Garden are all named after the country names of the Warring States Period, which is also a proof of the founding of Sanyuan.

Twenty-eight constellations (division of celestial spheres in ancient astronomy in China)

Twenty-eight Hostels is the main part of the star division system created by China in ancient times. The ancients divided the stars along the ecliptic and near the equator into twenty-eight parts of different sizes, each of which was called a night, collectively called twenty-eight nights, also known as twenty-eight houses or twenty-eight stars.

At first, the ancients chose 28 stars to compare the movements of the sun, the moon, gold, wood, water, fire and earth as observation marks. The meaning of "lodge" is similar to the "palace" of the zodiac, indicating the position of the sun, moon and five stars. In the Tang Dynasty, Twenty-eight Hostels became the main body of the twenty-eight celestial bodies, and these celestial bodies were still named after Twenty-eight Hostels. Different from Sanyuan, as a celestial body, Twenty-eight Hostels are mainly used to divide the ownership of star officials. The 28 huts start from Kakuk and are arranged from west to east, in the same direction as the sun and the moon:

Seven Oriental Hostels: Angle, Sound, Correlation, Room, Mind, Tail and Body;

Seven nights in the north: sinus, cow (morning glory), female (bearded female), emptiness, danger, house (barracks) and wall (east wall);

Seven Nights in the West: Que, Lou, Stomach, Chang, Bi, Gou and Shen;

Seven nights in the south: essence (cave essence), ghost (Yu ghost), willow, star (seven stars), Zhang, wing and Yi.

The ancients realized in practice that the changes of the four seasons are related to the position of the sun, and the changes of the stars in the morning and evening of the four seasons reflect the movement of the sun in the sky, but it is difficult to directly determine the position of the sun, so the ancients came up with an indirect method, that is, to calculate the position of the sun from the star position of the moon. The moon orbits the earth for more than 27 days (sidereal moon), just one day and one night. It can be seen that the creation of Twenty-eight Hostels is a great progress in the history of ancient astronomy.

Dr. Joseph Needham of Britain commented in the History of Science and Technology in China: "It has been undoubtedly confirmed that although ancient astronomy in China is by no means inferior to Egyptian astronomy, Greek astronomy and later European astronomy in logic and practicality, it is based on a very different ideological system." He added: "Once the boundaries of 28 hotels are demarcated, China people can know their exact locations, no matter how far these constellations are from the equator. Even when the constellation is below the horizon, you can learn about it by observing the arch stars related to them overhead. "

With the development of astronomy, the role of the Twenty-eight Hostel has been expanding since its establishment. It not only played an important role in observing images, timing and making calendars, but also played an irreplaceable role in calculating and determining the positions of the sun, the moon, the five planets, meteors, comets, new stars and even stars in the sky before the formation of modern astrometry. Its calculation method is that the ancients chose a star as the calibration star every night, which the ancients called "distant star". The difference between the right meridian of a distant star in a certain night and its next neighboring distant star is called the equatorial distance in a certain night. In ancient China, two quantities describing the position of celestial bodies were called poles and octaves. "Depolarization" refers to the angular distance between the measured star and the north celestial pole; "Eight angles" means that the right meridian between a celestial body and its adjacent star on the west side is different by one night. This measurement system is the equatorial coordinate system established by Chinese astronomers.

As can be seen from the above, it is extremely important to choose the distance from the star and measure it, so astronomers of all ages have paid attention to actual measurement. It should be pointed out that the distance between hotels changes slowly due to precession. Although astronomers don't know the important reason of the distance change before the precession is discovered, the measurement data of past dynasties provide rare historical materials for modern people to study precession.

Four elephants

The ancients divided the 28 stars in the whole day into four parts according to the east, north, west, south and four directions, and each part contained seven stars. According to the shape of the seven stars in each part, these four parts are named by four similar animals, called four elephants or four places, and the corresponding relationship is as follows:

The seven nights in the East are like dragons flying in the night sky in spring and early summer, so they are called Dongguan Black Dragon.

Seven nights in the north are like snakes and turtles in the night sky in late summer and early autumn, so it is called Beiguan Xuanwu;

The western seven-night tiger, which comes out in late autumn and early winter, is called Xiguan White Tiger.

The seven nights in Nanguan are like suzaku in the sky in winter and early spring, so it is called Nanguan suzaku.

Black Dragon, Xuanwu, White Tiger and Suzaku are collectively called "Four Elephants".

There are many narratives about these four images in Chinese ancient books, such as Ling Xian by Kao, Zi and Zhang Heng and Shang Shu by Kong. Among them, the narrative in Lingxian is the most vivid. Zhang Heng wrote: "The black dragon is curled up on the left, the white tiger is fiercer than the right, Zhu is struggling ahead, and the turtle circle is behind."

Some ancient books in China called the "four images" four dimensions, such as Historical Records, Chronicles of Heaven Officials, Shi's Astrology, Wei Zhangyi's Boya and Zhen Cheng's General Examination of Shangshu. These descriptions are different from each other. According to Shi's Astrology, they are not four elephants, but divided into several elephants. Bi, Gou He. "Then he said," Elephants of cows and snakes, elephants of female turtles. ""Records in Records of the Historian Tianguanshu are basically the same as those in Lingxian County, that is, black dragon, suzaku, white tiger and Xuanwu represent the four seasons. China astronomer Gaul designed the Diagram of the Relationship between Twenty-eight Hostels and Four Elephants according to the historian's Official Book, which is really wonderful.

As far as modern international astrology is concerned, The Oriental Black Dragon tells about a maid, a snake, a centaur, Fu, a Libra, a Scorpio, a jackal and a snake man. Xuanwu in the north occupies about Sagittarius, the underworld, Aquarius, Pegasus, Cygnus, Andromeda, Diptera and Cetacea. The white tiger in the west has occupied the rot of Hou Xian, Aries, Huang Xian, Taurus, Bo Jiang, Orion and Tiantu. Southern Suzaku accounts for about Gemini, fisherman, cancer, big dog, southern boat, lion and long snake.