8th grade geography volume I final review volume and review outline

8th grade geography volume I final examination paper

Category name

Knowledge and skills

First, will you judge? There is only one correct answer to the following question. Please put the letter code before the correct answer in brackets after the question. (65438+ 0.5 per question, ***28 questions)

1. Our territory is located in the following temperature zone ().

① North Cold Zone ② Tropical Zone ③ North Temperate Zone ④ South Temperate Zone

A.②③ B. ③④ C. ①② D. ②④

2. The area known as "Land of Fish and Rice" is ()

A. the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river plain B. the northeast plain C. the Sichuan basin D. the north China plain

3. The ethnic minorities in China are mainly distributed in ().

A. southwest, northwest, northeast B. southwest, southeast, northwest

C. Southeast, Northeast and Northwest D. Northwest, North China and South China

4. The tropic of cancer from west to east in turn through China province is ().

A. Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan Province Province B. Taiwan Province Province, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan.

C. Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong and Sichuan D. Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Guizhou

5. A group of countries facing China across the sea is ().

A. India, Brunei, Philippines B. Malaysia, North Korea, South Korea

C. DPRK, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines

6. All the following provinces and regions belong to coastal provinces and regions ()

A. Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangxi B. Jiangsu, Guangxi, Yunnan

C. Tianjin, Shandong, An Wei D. Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong

7. The area with the lowest average temperature in summer in China is in ().

A. Hainan Island B. Qinghai-Tibet Plateau C. Pamirs Plateau D. Mohe

8. How many provincial administrative units and nationalities are there in China at present?

23rd, 56th, 36th, 40th, 34th, 56th, 28th and 55th.

9. China's railway distribution has formed a network, and its distribution characteristics are ()

A. dense in the east and sparse in the west. B. evenly distributed throughout the country. C. dense in the south and sparse in the north. D. the east is sparse and the west is dense.

10. Cotton in China is mainly distributed in ().

A. North of Qinling-Huaihe River B. Yangtze River Basin, North China Plain and Southeast Coastal Hilly Area

C. South-central North China Plain, Middle and Lower Yangtze Plain D. South Xinjiang and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1 1, the railway line known as the second Eurasian continental bridge started in China ().

A. Dalian b Qingdao c Lianyungang d Shanghai

12. Rapeseed is the largest oil crop in China, mainly distributed in ().

A. Southeast Coast B. Yangtze River Basin C. North China Plain D. East Inner Mongolia Plateau

13. The largest comprehensive industrial zone in China is ().

A. South-central Liaoning B. Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan C. Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou D. Pearl River Delta

14. The railway hub where Longhai Railway meets Beijing-Guangzhou Railway is ().

A. Xuzhou B. Zhengzhou C. Xi 'an D. Baoji

15. In the arid area of northwest China, the main land use type is ().

A. grassland b woodland c dry land d paddy field

16. which of the following is the geographical boundary of China monsoon region ()?

A. Daxinganling-Taihang Mountain-Wushan-Xuefeng Mountain

B. Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain-Hengduan Mountain

C. Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain-Bayan Kara-Gangdi Mountain

D the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau-Qinling-Huaihe River

17. The South-to-North Water Transfer Project mainly refers to (a) transferring water from the Yangtze River to northwest and north China; Transfer water from the Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River system.

C. transfer water from Hanjiang River to northwest to solve the drought in the northwest inland D. transfer water from Jinsha River to North China.

18. The best way to solve the seasonal change of water resources in China is ()

A. Save water B. Transfer water across river basins C. Build reservoirs D. Prevent water pollution

19. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, rice can generally ()

A. Three seasons a year B. Two seasons a year C. One season a year D. Two seasons a year

20. The Yangtze River is extremely rich in hydropower resources, but 90% of them are concentrated in ().

A. Yibin to Yichang B. Source to Yibin C. Yichang to Hukou D. Three Gorges Section

2 1. The following statement about water resources is correct ()

The uneven distribution of precipitation time is the man-made cause of water shortage.

B. At present, the water resources widely used by people are river water, lake water and shallow groundwater.

C water resources are renewable resources, so there is no need to save them.

D the distribution of fresh water resources is unbalanced, so water conservation is a regional issue, not a global one.

22. Agriculture is closely related to our life. The relationship between the following different agricultural sectors and the food they can provide is correct ().

A. planting-rice B. forestry-rice C. fishery-chickens and ducks D. animal husbandry-cotton

23. In the following four areas, is not conducive to the development of farming ().

A. Northeast Plain B. North China Plain C. Middle and Lower Yangtze Plain D. Tarim Basin

24. The following industrial base, near the Shanxi energy base is ().

A. Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou B. Pearl River Delta C. Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan D. South-central Liaoning

25. The starting point and end point of the Longhai-Lanxin line is ().

A. Lanzhou-Shanghai B. Lianyungang-Lanzhou C. Lianyungang-Urumqi D. Lanzhou-Urumqi

26. The best way to transport 200 tons of steel from Taiyuan to Wuxi is ().

A. Water transportation B. Railway C. Aviation D. Highway

27. The dominant position of the national economy is ().

A. agriculture b industry c commerce d transportation

28. The following belongs to light industrial products is ()

A. railway tractor coffee fertilizer

Chapter IV Economic Development of China

69. The "vanguard" of economic development is transportation.

70. The four famous "rice markets" in the history of China are Wuxi, Wuhu, Jiujiang and Changsha.

7 1. Among all kinds of transportation routes, railway transportation is the most important mode of transportation in China. The railway that passes through Tibet Province is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

72. Most valuable or urgently needed goods are transported by air in small quantities.

73. Goods that are easily damaged or deteriorated are mostly transported by road.

74. For bulk heavy goods and long-distance transportation, waterway transportation and railway transportation are generally selected.

75. Agricultural production sectors include planting, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries.

76. Agriculture is the basic industry that supports national economic construction and people's development.

77. Natural grasslands are widely distributed in the western region, and there are four pastoral areas in China: Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet.

78. Forestry is concentrated in northeast, southwest and southeast regions. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the most accessible areas for freshwater fisheries in China.

79. The announcement of rice and wheat in food crops presents a pattern of "rice in the south and wheat in the north".

80. Oil production has formed two major producing areas: the Yangtze River rape belt and the Huanghuai peanut area.

8 1, sugar crops show obvious distribution characteristics of "Longnan and North Sweet".

82. Cotton production is mainly in the north, forming three major cotton regions: southern Xinjiang, the Yellow River basin and the Yangtze River basin.

83. Industry is the leading industry of the national economy.

84. Zhongguancun is the earliest high-tech experimental zone in China.

85. Main features of high-tech industries 1. Among the employees, scientific and technological personnel account for a large proportion. 2。 In sales revenue, R&D expenses account for a large proportion, 3. Product update is fast.

86. High-tech production is an industry dominated by electronics and information industry.

87. China's high-tech industrial development zones are mostly attached to big cities, showing the distribution characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration.

88. To develop agriculture according to local conditions, on the one hand, we should consider the differences of natural environment, on the other hand, we should consider the constraints of social and economic conditions.

Five verticals and three horizontals: Beijing-Shanghai Line, Beijing-Kowloon Line, Jingha-Jingguang Line, Liujiao Line and Baocheng-Chengkun Line.

Beijing-Baolan Line Longhai-Lanxin Line Shanghai-Hangzhou-Zhejiang-Jiangxi-Xiang Qian-Guikun Line

Mode of transportation, quantity, freight and speed

Railways are bigger, lower and faster.

The road is smaller, higher and faster.

The largest, lowest and slowest waterway.

Aviation is the smallest, highest and fastest.

The naming method of 90 railway trunk lines: ① Use the abbreviations or nicknames of the cities of origin and destination. Such as Beijing-Shanghai line, Guikun line and Baocheng line. ② Named after the abbreviation of the provincial unit where the starting and ending points are located. For example, the Hunan-Guizhou line and the Qinghai-Tibet line. ③ Named after the abbreviation of the starting provincial unit and the abbreviation of the destination city or the abbreviation of the starting city and the destination provincial unit. Such as Longhai Line and Lanxin Line. ④ Named after the location of the railway line. For example, the southern Xinjiang line and the northern Xinjiang line.

9 1 North-South Difference Table:

The type of cultivated land in this area is mature (several crops a year).

In the dry land north of Qinling-Huaihe River, wheat, corn, soybean and beet are harvested once a year.

Cotton, wheat, corn, peanuts, three crops in two years or two crops in dry land.

Rice, cotton, rape, sugar cane, etc. The rice fields south of Qinling-Huaihe River are harvested twice or three times a year.

Forests are suitable for mountainous areas, grain is suitable for plain areas, grazing is suitable for plateau areas and fish is suitable for lakes in plain areas.

Major transportation hub cities: Beijing, Zhengzhou, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Zhuzhou, Wuhan, Shanghai, Xuzhou, Shijiazhuang, Harbin, Shenyang, Guiyang, Chongqing, Kunming, Chengdu, Liuzhou, Xi 'an, Urumqi, Lanzhou and Hohhot are railway hubs;

94 Liaozhongnan Industrial Zone-the largest heavy industry base in China, with abundant coal, iron and oil and convenient transportation, including Anshan, Benxi iron and steel, Fuxin coal, Shenyang machinery, Dalian shipbuilding and chemical industry;

Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Industrial Zone is the largest comprehensive industrial base in the north, with abundant coal, iron, oil and sea salt resources, convenient transportation and good agricultural foundation, mainly including Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan.

Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou or Yangtze River Delta Industrial Zone-the largest comprehensive industrial base in China, with strong technical force, convenient transportation and good agricultural foundation, including Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou;

Pearl River Delta Industrial Zone, the largest light industrial complex in China, is close to Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia, with many overseas Chinese hometowns, convenient transportation and convenient external contacts, mainly including Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai.

1) Natural and cultural differences between North and South:

1. The dividing line between the northern region and the southern region roughly passes through the Qinling-Huaihe line.

2. The northern terrain is dominated by plains (Northeast Plain and North China Plain) and plateaus (Loess Plateau), while the southern terrain is dominated by plains (the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River).

The basin (Sichuan Basin), plateau (Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau) and hills (southeast hills) crisscross.

3. Climate: Temperate monsoon climate predominates in the north and tropical and subtropical monsoon climate predominates in the south.

4. Rivers: the flow of rivers in the north is small, the flood season is short, and there is ice in winter; The rivers in the south have large flow, long flood season and no ice in winter.

5. Vegetation: temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest is dominant in the north and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is dominant in the south.

6. Agriculture: there are many dry lands in the north and many paddy fields in the south; Wheat and soybean are mainly planted in the north, and rice and rape are mainly planted in the south;

Crops in the north are harvested once or three times a year, and crops in the south are harvested two or three times a year.

7. Transportation: The northern part is mainly transported by land, while the southern part is mainly transported by water.

8. Architecture: the roof slope of the northern residential houses is small and the walls are thick; The roofs and walls of houses in the south are steep.

(2) Northwest arid areas:

1, the terrain is mainly plateau (Inner Mongolia Plateau) and basin (Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin).

2. The climate is dominated by temperate continental climate.

3. Regional characteristics: drought; Taklimakan Desert is the largest desert in China.

4. Rivers and lakes: scarce, with small water volume and short flow, there are many inland rivers and lakes, and the longest inland river is Tarim River.

5. Vegetation: mainly temperate grassland; From east to west are grasslands, desert grasslands and deserts.

(3) The alpine Qinghai-Tibet region:

1, the terrain is mainly plateau (the roof of the world-Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) and mountains.

2. The climate is dominated by plateau and alpine climate.

3. Regional characteristics: extremely cold.

4. Rivers and lakes: Yangtze River, Yellow River, Yarlung Zangbo River, etc. The largest lake is Qinghai Lake (saltwater lake).

5. Vegetation: Plateau alpine grassland.

(4) Northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet region, which are dominated by animal husbandry.

1, animal husbandry: Inner Mongolia is a temperate grassland pasture: Sanhe Horse, Sanhe Cattle and Ningxia Tan Sheep;

Xinjiang is a mountain pasture: Xinjiang fine-wool sheep;

Qinghai and Tibet are alpine pastures: cattle and Tibetan sheep.

2. Irrigation agriculture: Northwest China is distributed in Ningxia Plain, Hetao Plain, Hexi Corridor and oasis at the foot of Tianshan Mountain.

The Qinghai-Tibet region is distributed in the valley agriculture of southern Tibet valley and Huangshui valley.

Both the northern region and the southern region are located on the second and third steps of the terrain. The loess plateau is in the west of the northern region, and the northeast plain and north China plain are in the east. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Sichuan Basin are in the west of the southern region, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast hills are in the east. The southern and northern regions are bounded by Qinling-Huaihe River.

Landscape changes of grassland-desert grassland-desert from east to west in northwest China. Northwest China has a vast territory, a small population, many ethnic groups, complex natural conditions, rich natural resources and weak economic foundation. As can be seen from the map, influenced by the climate, the surface landscape in northwest China is manifested in four aspects: (1) Plateau and basin-dominated terrain with obvious wind erosion, and vast Gobi and desert in the west; (2) From east to west, vegetation ranges from grassland to desert grassland and then to desert; (3) There are fewer rivers and more inland rivers; (4) Farmland, villages, towns and cities are distributed in strips or spots along rivers or foothills.

North of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains and south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains.

1 month average temperature (above/below 0℃) below 0℃ above 0℃

The annual precipitation is small.

The main landforms are plateaus, plains, mountain plateaus, basins, plains and hills.

The river flow is small and large.

Typical vegetation type temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Farming system (land use type) is mainly dry land and paddy field.

The main crops are wheat, soybeans, corn, peanuts, sugar beets and other rice, rape, sugarcane and cotton.

Crops are harvested once or three times a year, and two or three times a year.

The traditional mode of transportation is mainly land transportation, mostly by car and carriage.

Traditional houses have small roof slope, thick walls, large roof slope and high walls.

Dry and humid areas, semi-humid areas, humid areas

The temperature zone belongs to the warm temperate subtropical zone.

Geographical area: northern region, southern region

Climate type temperate monsoon climate subtropical monsoon climate

Is there an ice age?

Large or small sediment concentration

The name and the basis for the division of major provinces and regions within the scope of the location

The northern region is generally located in the east of Daxing 'anling and Wushaoling, north of Qinling-Huaihe River, east of Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea, including all or most of the three northeastern provinces and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Southeast Gansu and northern Jiangsu and Anhui are the northern regions of China's monsoon climate zone, with 0℃ isotherm 1 and 800 mm north of the precipitation line.

The southern region is located in the south of Qinling-Huaihe River, east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and bounded by the East China Sea in the southeast. The South China Sea, including the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the southern coastal areas and the southwestern provinces (cities and autonomous regions), is the southern region of China monsoon climate zone, south of the 0℃ isotherm of 1 and the 800 mm precipitation line.

Northwest China is generally located in the west of Daxing 'anling, north of the Great Wall and Kunlun Mountain-Altun Mountain, including the non-monsoon climate areas in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Ningxia and northwest Gansu, deep inland and west of the 400 mm isoprecipitation line.

The Qinghai-Tibet region is located in the west of Hengduan Mountains, north of Himalayan Mountains, south of Kunlun Mountains and Altun Mountains, including Tibet, Qinghai and Sichuan, and is a unique geographical unit. High altitude and cold climate.

China is divided into four geographical regions-Qinghai-Tibet region, Northwest region, South China region and North China region according to different dry and wet degrees, different precipitation and different altitude. Among them, the Qinghai-Tibet region is basically consistent with the first step. The dividing line between Qinghai-Tibet region and other regions is Kunlun Mountain-Qilian Mountain Range-Hengduan Mountain Range. The dividing line between northwest China and other regions is the annual precipitation line of 400mm in China, and the dividing line between north and south China is the Qinling-Huaihe line.

97 Qinghai-Tibet-Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang

Northwest China-Xinjiang, Gansu and Inner Mongolia

Northern regions-Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Shandong, Shanxi and Henan.

Southern China-Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Hainan, Fujian, Xiamen, Taiwan Province, Shanghai, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu,

98 Qinghai-Tibet-Northwest Valley Agriculture-Irrigation Agriculture

Southern region-northern region of paddy field-dry land

99 The four pastoral areas in China are:

Inner Mongolia Pastoral Area: It is the largest pastoral area in China, and excellent livestock species in temperate grassland pastoral areas include Sanhe Horse and Sanhe Cattle.

Pastoral areas in Xinjiang: mainly mountainous pastures, excellent livestock species are Xinjiang fine-wool sheep,

Pastoral areas in Qinghai: Alpine pastures are the main producing areas of yaks (as well as Hequ horses, which are famous at home and abroad). )

Pastoral area in Tibet: it is the main producing area of yak, and the tan sheep in Ningxia is Tibetan sheep.

100 the Hetao plain, Ningxia plain, Hexi corridor and Tianshan foothills in the northwest are irrigated agriculture, and valley agriculture is distributed in the lower altitude areas such as the southern Tibet valley and the Yellow River valley in the Qinghai-Tibet region.

10 1 Take administrative division as the unit, with six figures, and compile it into a delivery office in four levels. The combination of the top two represents provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions; The top four groups represent counties and municipal bureaus; The last two digits indicate the delivery office. Six digits are connected, which is a complete set of postal codes.

102 causes of drought in northwest China 1 living inland; Away from the sea, the mountains block the humid airflow, the humid airflow from the ocean is difficult to reach, the precipitation is scarce and the climate is dry.

103 The significance of Qinling Huaihe River Line 1. Region: the dividing line between the northern and southern regions of China;

2. Temperature: 1 0℃ isotherm generally passes through the Qinling-Huaihe line;

3. Precipitation: the annual precipitation is 800 mm;

4. Hydrology: the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River;

5. Climate: the dividing line between subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate;

6. Agriculture: the dividing line between dryland agriculture and rice agriculture.

If you think it is good, please give more points. Many of the following are made by myself ~ ~