"Being invited by guests" without generals in Shu —— An analysis of Zhuge Liang's blunder in employing people in history

Introduction: "There is no general in Shu, and Liaohua is the pioneer" is a vivid portrayal of the serious shortage of talents in Shu-Han regime, one of the three countries. Shu and Han were full of talents. When Zhuge Liang went out to Qishan to explore the Central Plains, the generals in the army were short of money, so he had to use Liao Hua, who was mediocre in martial arts, as a pioneer in the former camp. At the beginning of the founding of New China, Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma, Huang and other dignitaries and civil and military officials in the DPRK had long since ceased to exist. Then, why did the talented Shu Han come to this step? Some people say that this is related to Zhuge Liang's improper employment. So, what was Zhuge Liang's failure? Recently, some media have exposed and interpreted Zhuge Liang's unsuccessful way of employing people.

First, Guan Yu was reused and flattered, which led to Guan Yu accidentally losing Jingzhou and being killed by Wu Dong.

Guan Yu and Liu Bei "share the same bed, if they are brothers." He is arrogant, but he also has a reasonable side. It should be said that Zhuge Liang is familiar with his own characteristics. When Yu heard that Ma Chao was coming, but he was not an old friend, he asked Zhuge, "Who can compare with a wise man?" Zhuge Xun's understanding of this basic situation did not tell the truth according to the objective situation, but flattered Guan Yule: "Meng Jie is a scholar with both civil and military skills and a hero in the world." He is a disciple of Yide and Peng. He should take part in the competition for the first time. This kind of unrealistic flattery makes Guan Yu, who is arrogant, "leave books to show others, which is endless fun." "This encouraged his arrogance and laid a hidden danger for the future. Later, Lu Xun falsely praised him, which was also a great event. When the general's honor is immortal enough, it will be "huge and safe, there is no doubt about it." Finally, it led to the tragedy that "lost Jingzhou" was killed by Wu Dong. Although Jingzhou fell and Guan Yu was influenced by many factors, Zhuge Liang's flattery was the catalyst for his self-expansion.

Second, attach importance to the law, but indulge the law, leading to legal guilt and sudden death.

Jacky Cheung is an official under Liu Zhang. For those who have overseas Chinese in this state, nothing can be done. Therefore, he secretly surrendered to Liu Bei and made great contributions to attracting Liu Bei into Shu. Later, he made suggestions and made great contributions to the capture of Hanzhong. Liu Bei appointed Yang Wu as the prefect of Shu County. "Outside is the capital, and inside is the owner." However, after the law was appointed as the magistrate of Shu county, the virtue did not change. "The benefits of a meal, all grievances, all revenge, killing a few people who hurt themselves." This revenge on the law and discipline has aroused the dissatisfaction of colleagues. Someone said to Zhuge Liang, "The laws of Shu are too vertical and horizontal. The general wants to enlighten his master and restrain his joy. " Zhuge Liang is famous for his strict law enforcement. He said: "The master is in public security, but he is afraid that Cao Gong will be strong in the north, Sun Quan will be oppressed in the east, and Mrs. Sun will be born under the elbow nearby; At that time, wolves came in and out, and the law "filial piety" straightened its wings to fly without being copied. How to prohibit the law from doing evil! "

With Fazheng's acquiescence, others just asked Zhuge to tell Liu Bei to restrain him. As a strategist, Zhuge Liang not only refused, but also said that his disorderly behavior was reasonable and excusable. So, why did Zhuge Liang say such things? We can find the reason from two aspects. First, Zhuge is unwilling or unable to break the law. At this time, the merits, status and even wisdom of Buddhism were above Zhuge, so "I know that predecessors loved benevolence and righteousness, so this is the case."

In fact, Zhuge Liang knew that only France was his most powerful and realistic competitor at this time. Because Fazheng won Liu Bei's favor, it was difficult for him to directly shake his position. Therefore, he can only replace recruitment, dismissal or even suicide by further breaking the law and discipline. It was only before Zhuge Liang's "capture" plan worked that Fa Zheng fell ill.

Third, Huang Zhong is used, but often suppressed, which leads to Huang Zhong always being inferior to others.

Huang Zhong is one of the main generals of Liu Bei. In the battle, he "bravely entered the front line and heroically crowned the three armies", captured Yizhou and made great achievements. Later, in the battle to capture Hanzhong, he "pushed the front deeper in World War I" and made great contributions. Therefore, Liu Bei decided to promote Huang Zhong as a general. Zhuge Liang said: "The name of loyalty and righteousness has nothing to do with Ma Zhilun, and now it is listed together. Ma and Zhang are close at hand, and we can see their respective advantages, which can be used as a metaphor; Guan Yao heard about it and was afraid I would be unhappy. I can't get it! " The first master said, "I'll solve it myself." So he became an equal with Guan Yu and became a servant.

Huang Zhong has made outstanding contributions, and it is natural for Liu Bei to win the prize for him. Zhuge Liang wants Liu Bei to indulge Guan Yu and suppress Huang Zhong, but as a strategist, his rewards and punishments are unknown! This can only show Zhuge Liang's selfishness in handling this matter. It turns out that the relationship between Guan, Zhang and Liu is incomparable to Zhuge Liang. After Ma Chao became a Houmen, he became famous. Now he has promoted Huang Zhong to general, and his position seems to have surpassed himself. Of course he didn't want to see it, but it was inconvenient to say that Guan Yu was afraid of being unhappy, so he had to find an excuse to stop it.

Fourth, Peng Yang was promoted, but he was trapped, which led to his death.

Peng Yang is from Guanghan, Sichuan. Because of "arrogance", although he was brilliant, when he was a scholar in Liu Zhang, "Zhou Shi was just a bookkeeper and was later ruined by Liu Zhang." After Liu Bei entered Shu, Peng Yang went to see Pang Tong and said, "Great unity is great goodness, and Buddhism is conscious." The ancestors also felt strange, so they gave several orders to preach martial arts, gave advice to generals, made suggestions, and got to know Japan and Canada, and Chengdu was established. And quit China's rule. "Thus, Peng Yang was deeply appreciated and valued by Liu Bei. Ma Chao also said that Peng Yang "showed off his talents and took the master seriously, saying that Qing would catch up with Kong Ming and Xiao Zhi. "However, Peng Yang also has frivolous shortcomings." Walking, you will surpass the people of this country and you will be proud of yourself. "Zhuge Liang, as a strategist, neither appeared nor truthfully pointed out Peng Yang's shortcomings. Instead, he adopted a duplicitous attitude of "receiving goods from outside and not doing good things inside" until "telling the truth repeatedly can't keep the security guard. "The Lord read the letter first, act cautiously and be a little sparse. Then he moved to the left and became the satrap of Jiangyang. "

Peng Yang belittled himself and naturally felt resentful, so he complained to Ma Chao and scolded Liu Bei, saying, "Qing is not here, I am here, and the world is insufficient." Peng Yang was jailed for this. Peng Yang probably knows that his words are a little frivolous. He met a great disaster, so he wrote a confession to Zhuge Liang in prison and asked Zhuge Liang to forgive him. However, Zhuge Liang did not forgive, but killed Peng Yang. Even Chen Shou, the author of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, was deeply disturbed by this and expressed dissatisfaction with the sentence "I really committed suicide".

5。 Knowing that Ma Su was exaggerating, he abused Ma Su, leading to the loss of street kiosks and talents.

Ma Su is brilliant, has a certain knowledge of military theory, and is a rare staff officer. Three years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhuge Liang recruited Annan Zhong, and Ma Su offered a plan, saying, "Nanzhong always refused with danger. Although it is broken today, it will be reversed tomorrow. Today, I promise to crack down on the Northern Expedition thieves. He knew that the official's power was weak, and his resistance was quick. If you try your best to eliminate future troubles, it is neither kind nor hasty. Take the way of soldiers, attack the heart as the top, attack the city as the bottom, fight the heart as the top, fight the soldiers as the bottom, and be willing to take its heart. " Accept its policy and forgive Meng Huo for serving the South. Therefore, the day finally dawned, and the South dared not reply. However, Ma Su also has the shortcoming of exaggerating. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Not much." More importantly, Masu lacks practical experience.

However, due to the deep personal relationship between Zhuge and Ma Su, Zhuge not only ignored Liu Bei's words, but went his own way. Founded six years ago, it led troops to Qishan, including Wei Yan, Wu Yi and other senior officials. All critics call Yiling a pioneer, but the army is at the forefront. In the battle with Zhang Jieting, the street pavilion was broken and the soldiers were divided into two ways. "If Zhuge Liang can accept everyone's opinions and let Wei Yan and others be pioneers, there will be no street pavilion fiasco. The failure of Jieting not only caused huge losses to Shu Han, but also ruined the excellent situation of the Northern Expedition.

Sixth, Wei Yan was ordered, but he never believed in Wei Yan, which led to Wei Yan not only being killed horizontally, but also killing three families. [/s2/]

Wei Yan, the brave commander-in-chief of Shu Han, followed Liu Bei into Shu. Liu Zhong, the queen of Liu Bei, said, "You are heavy, so you are in Hanchuan. Public opinion believes that this will only be confident in Zhang Fei and Fei Tian. The first leader was General Hanzhong Town, who led Hanzhong County. The first army was shocked. " This shows that Liu Bei attaches great importance to Wei Yan. In the following years, Guan Yu lost Jingzhou, betrayed the south and central China, and Yizhou was in chaos, but Hanzhong was safe and sound. It can be said that Liu Bei did not misuse Wei Yan. Wei Yan is not only "good at raising foot soldiers and going forward bravely", but also "brave in shouldering heavy burdens and full of strategy". During Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, Wei Yan put forward the strategy of leading 5,000 troops to Chang 'an, north of Ziwuling, based on his own experience in guarding Hanzhong. Zhuge decided to suspend the danger on this ground, but it was not allowed. At that time, Wei Yan and other senior leaders were not needed to select pioneers, which led to the failure of the street pavilion. Wei Yan was therefore very dissatisfied. "As the saying goes, light is clumsy, heavy is sighing, and heavy is hating yourself." As a general, Wei Yan often called the coach a coward, which naturally made Zhuge Liang feel bitter. It's just that when Zhuge Liang was not famous in Shu, he needed "Wei Zhiyong" to bear it. But Zhuge Liang's withdrawal arrangement gave Wei Yan a thorough revenge, and Wei Yan was finally beheaded. Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the last time, fell ill and was trapped in the original five chapters. He knew he was going to die. "Over time, Sima Yi, Yang Yi, Sima Fei _, Wei General Jiang Wei abdicated after his death, followed by Jiang Wei; If you delay or disobey your orders, the army will be spontaneous. "

For such an important military meeting, Wei Yan, a former strategist and general of the Western Expedition, led a huge army at the forefront of the battlefield, but did not attend. This is very abnormal and unreasonable, which can only make people feel that this is a trap set by Zhuge Liang to completely kill Wei. Because Zhuge Liang knew that Wei Yan and Yang Yi were incompatible, Yang Yi presided over Wei Yan's withdrawal, which made Wei Yan disobey Yang Yi's orders after Wei Yan was breached. So Yang Yi left Wei Yan, and "the army will meet itself", pushing Wei Yan to the desperate situation of "rebellion". Sure enough, Wei Yan ignored Yang Yi's withdrawal order because he didn't attend the meeting in person. He said: "Although the Prime Minister has passed away, I can go back to my funeral if I see me at the funeral." I should lead all the troops to attack the thieves. How can a person kill all the evil things in the world? "Who is Wei Yan? It's time for Yang Yi's department, and it's after a rest! '!' So he went his own way, led his troops south and burned the pavilion. Wei Yan was forced to act without authorization, violating military discipline and being charged with "treason". He was killed horizontally, killing three families, so that Shu Han lost a brave general and Zhuge Liang could not see the grave. This is Zhuge Liang's most fatal mistake to Shu Han's civil and military talents. Since then, there has been a situation that "there is no general in Shu, and Liao Hua is the pioneer".

The above six people are just representatives who reflect Zhuge Liang's poor work. In fact, Shu is full of talents. They were either intentionally fostered by Zhuge Liang, left out in the cold, deposed by Zhuge Liang, and even brutally killed by Liu Bei. For example, Liu Feng, Liu Bei's adopted son, Li Yan, the minister who entrusted orphans, Xiang Lang, the prime minister with a long history, and Shi Fei, a former Sima. Zhuge Liang's repeated mistakes in employing people also shattered the myth of Zhuge Liang's resourcefulness.