/kloc-the main contribution of Dutch painting school in the 0/7th century

/kloc-In the 6th century, the Dutch people rebelled against Spanish rule. After decades of revolution,

158 1 year, the northern provinces declared independence and the Netherlands was founded. 1609

Spain signed an armistice agreement with the Netherlands in 12, which actually recognized the Netherlands.

Independence, while South Flanders is still under Spanish rule. In this way,

/kloc-after the 0/7th century, Dutch art was divided into two parts, namely, the art in the northern region.

It became an independent Dutch national art and parted ways with Flemish art in the south.

Show off one's bodyguards

The most striking art in Holland is painting, followed by architecture and sculpture.

Last place. In painting, the Dutch school of painting in17th century is particularly important. although

However, in other periods, there are some painting schools and painters worth mentioning, but only

Only in the17th century, the Dutch painting school as a whole, with its huge scale.

And achievements have had a far-reaching impact on the development of the whole western art.

17th century is the golden age of Dutch painting. The victory of the revolution promoted the economic development.

Cultural prosperity. This emerging country was one of the advanced ideas in Europe at that time.

A heart. Dutch painters are full of national pride. Work realistically.

These products show people's life and the natural scenery of the motherland. Painting finally got rid of it.

Dependence on the court nobles and the Catholic church began to become a new class of citizens.

Service. With the emergence of painting market and art dealers, painting has become a market.

Commodities. In order to meet the needs of citizens' life and aesthetics, the varieties of paintings are compared.

It has been greatly developed in the past. In addition to religious history, paintings and portraits, customs and landscapes,

Still life and animal paintings have also developed into important paintings. /kloc-the most important in the Netherlands in the 0/7th century

Painters include Rembrandt, F hals, J Vermeer and J Van Resta.

At that time, the painting art in most cities in the Netherlands was quite developed, among which the most developed one was.

To Amsterdam, Harlem and Delft. However, only these paintings

Generally speaking, the differences between regions are not as great as those between varieties.

Obviously, in addition to the above four painters, there is Xu, who belong to different kinds of paintings.

Many painters with different artistic achievements are called Dutch small painting school.

Genre painting/kloc-Dutch genre painting in the 0/7th century is not like a Renaissance painter.

It often reflects real life through religious themes, but it is very direct.

Reflect the daily life of citizens and farmers in a non-ideal way.

This genre painting generally includes two contents: the theme of farmers and the reflection of citizens' life.

The so-called fashion theme of life. The former inherited and developed P. Bruege in16th century.

Joel's painting tradition. It may be two disciples of hals, A. Bloomwell and

A. Van austad's works are based on farmers' lives. Bruwell's oil paintings

Although the layout is small, it is in the picture because it pays attention to the overall relationship and the atmosphere of the picture.

The picture is heavy and simple. He was active in Holland and Flanders.

Two places, but mainly Flemish painters. Austad's genre painting is

With similar strength, the artistic conception of the picture is more humorous and optimistic, unlike Bloomwell.

Our oil paintings often have a sense of sadness.

Brewer: Drunk fighting.

The fashion illustrator is G. Dao, a painter who works in Leiden. He's 20 ~

He studied painting from Rembrandt in 1930s, and later formed his own painting style. His work went.

In order to show some characters indoors, there is a window on the wall, and

There are curtains, books, musical instruments and other props. This kind of work is not big, but it is similar.

Exquisite at the time, but also pay attention to the performance of light, is a fine painting school. horse

Zeus went to Amsterdam in the late 1940s and studied under Rembrandt. His, uh,

Fashion illustrations, showing an old woman praying or dozing off, are all the rage. G. mei

Qu is active in Leiden and Amsterdam, and is good at describing the ease and comfort of the middle class.

A quiet family life. His indoor landscape paintings are quite delicate in technique.

Coincidentally, it is closer to Vermeer's works. G. Terborch and other contemporaries

Many Dutch painters are different. They have traveled to many European countries and learned a lot.

Wide, does not belong to any local genre. Those paintings reflect the civic class.

Fashion illustration, a top member with a leisurely life, was very popular with buyers before his death. he

Especially good at showing the texture of rich women's clothing in details. J.s

Tengze not only paints peasant-themed oil paintings, but also paints fashionable oil paintings, which is an accomplished style.

A vulgar painter

The most outstanding Dutch painters are Delft's two painters:

Vermeer and p. de hoh. However, Vermeer is not like pelliot.

Meiqu is so popular with the public that she is in debt because she can't sell her paintings.

Died in. His genre paintings are full of interest in life and show great artistic treatment.

Show great style. Hoch has lived in Delft since 1653, where he lived.

My son has finished some of his best works.

As early as the end of 16, there were portraits in the northern provinces of the Netherlands.

Their portraits are traditional. Northern painters C keitel and J Van Scholler.

While trying to get rid of the shackles of the painter's portrait painting procedure, Er formed

A more realistic painting style. Keitel and his followers also developed Nieder.

Lan's early tradition of group portrait painting. These painters are Dutch in the17th century.

The pioneer of the portrait art of Lan.

Hals: Laughing Knight.

/kloc-The most prosperous areas of Dutch portraits in the 0/7th century were Haram and Ames.

Terdan Hals was the most famous portrait painter in Holland at the beginning of17th century. His painting

The characters in the novel are no longer typed, but personalized. His early works are full of.

Optimism, in particular, can accurately and vividly show the face of the characters from the micro.

Laughter is transformed into an instant expression in the process of laughing. His group portrait depicts.

Different personality characteristics, natural expression and vivid composition can overcome the above.

The first century group photo program is too crowded and the characters are dull.

The shortcomings of the board. Rembrandt's portraits often reveal all kinds of things more deeply.

All kinds of characters have rich and complicated inner worlds. Besides painting portraits, Aaron

Blank is also good at making oil paintings of other schools, which shows his role as a fellow traveler.

The talents of the most outstanding masters of Dutch painters in that era.

Rembrandt: A man in a helmet.

Landscape painting15 ~16th century, landscape painting developed in northern Europe, but

But people only regard it as a painting. Until17th century, Dutch scenery.

These painters created this landscape together with French landscape painter claude lorraine.

Painting has developed into one of the important types of painting.

In 10 years before the 7th century, Dutch landscape painting was still obviously influenced by 16.

Influenced by stylism, this century's landscape paintings are often used for composition.

Higher horizon, the vision is the imaginary mountains, and the sense of distance is the journey.

The color type to be expressed, that is, the foreground is brown, the middle scene is green, and the vision is

Blue. 16 12 years, two landscape painters, e. van de feld and h. p. plug.

Hess joined the Harlem Artists Association. They developed the Dutch landscape.

The realistic tendency of painting art, such as Feld's landscape painting in composition.

Lower the horizon, give up the stylized color method, and make the whole picture

Reasonable perspective, strong sense of space and realistic tone. Feld's

Disciples Huo Yan and J.J. Fan painted like their teachers in the mid-1920s, and later became young.

Out of blue, it has formed a unique style, vivid, delicate and smooth in painting.

It shows the feeling of light and air. The thousands of paintings he left behind are the same as

This sketch is a true and touching record of canals, ports and lakes in the Netherlands.

Galaxy scenery.

Members of the Resta family contributed to the development of Dutch landscape painting.

Important contribution. Among them, J.van Restal especially makes Dutch landscape paintings.

It has reached its peak. In addition to inheriting and developing previous landscape painters, he expressed light.

In addition to the achievements in lines and air, there is also a conscious emphasis on the overall picture.

Structural sense. He is good at drawing trees and rendering the atmosphere of the picture. People described him as

This landscape painting is an epic. Mr. Hobema is his most famous disciple.

Another member of the feld family, W. Vanderfeld Jr. and J.

Van der capelle is famous for painting seascapes. This kind of seascape painting

It had a great influence on English landscape painting in18th century.

Still life painting and animal painting as early as15th century, Dutch painters, such as

Van Eyck brothers and others have a tradition of being good at expressing various material characteristics.

Fun. Metal, velvet, glass, etc. They describe realistic textures.

However, these things used to be used only as props in religious paintings or portraits.

Or background. It was not until the17th century that still life painting became one of the important paintings.

One. Its development in the Netherlands was also because Dutch citizens were unwilling to come at that time.

Yiping and the affluent well-off family have produced sincere love. They are at

In the pursuit of rich diet and exquisite tableware in life enjoyment, in addition, it also

Pay attention to beautifying the living environment, such as planting tulips and other flowers and trees. Dutch still life painting

It seems that their wealth is only to meet their living requirements. Harlem painting

The "breakfast table picture" pioneered by economists Crass and Haida is in color.

The color tone is close to Jan Josephszoon van Goyen's landscape painting, which shows the feeling of light and air.

Get fresh and thorough; In terms of composition, it emphasizes all kinds of tableware and utensils.

Comparison of form and texture, tin ware, porcelain and glass in painting

Glassware, cloth, pottery bowls, pipes and all kinds of food and game are very attractive.

For realism. Other still life painters also have their own specialties, such as A.van Beyeren's Painting the Sea.

Aquatic products, animals hunted by J. Weenix, birds painted by M. Hondecoeter, etc.

Dutch flower painters sketch oil paintings based on watercolors, the same flower oil.

Sometimes flowers belonging to different seasons will appear in the painting. In animal painting,

On the other hand, there are a group of painters who are good at depicting cows, horses and sheep.

Although oil paintings such as religion, mythology and historical paintings are not like in Holland,

So developed, but did not disappear in the17th century. Utrecht school of painting

It is famous for painting Italian-style religious paintings. In addition, Rembrandt,

Vermeer and others are also engaged in religious painting.

/kloc-in the 0/8th century, Dutch painting lacked innovative spirit. 18 and 19,

Dutch painting was influenced by French art, and neoclassicism and romanticism once prevailed.

For a while. /kloc-In the middle of 0/9th century, Israel and others brought it with their realism.

Social critical oil painting will revitalize Dutch painting art. Since the 1970s,

Israel settled in The Hague and became one of the leaders of The Hague School of Painting. J.

B Jin Rong lived in Paris for a long time and was a pioneer of French impressionist painting. but

V van Gogh, a post-impressionist painter, won a great reputation for his artistic achievements.

World reputation. In the 20th century, famous Dutch painters had animism.

Painter K. Fan Tonggen, symbolist painter J.T. Toorop, and painter de stijl.

Page (abbreviation of page) mondriaan et al.

Van Gogh: St. Mary's fishing boat

Before and after the Dutch revolution of independence, there was no cathedral built here.

Busy building town halls, exchanges, banks and guilds.

Buildings, etc. /kloc-in the middle of the 0/7th century, Dutch architecture was integrated into European rationalism philosophy.

Under the influence, he formed his own classical style, which used to be English.

Some civil buildings in France are imitations. /kloc-since the middle of the 0/8th century, the Netherlands

Economic recession and underdeveloped construction industry. 1857 Amsterdam is the most.

Steel structure buildings first appeared. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, architect Bei

Lach emphasizes the construction of buildings from the perspective of efficiency. Practical samples he designed.

Type I set off a Dutch architectural innovation movement, represented by Amsterdam.

Stock exchange. This kind of architecture will be compared with western modernist architecture in the future.

Have a great influence.

Sculpture The Netherlands has made great achievements in portrait carving and mausoleum carving.

It has its own tradition, but it has little international influence. In the first half of the 20th century, sculptors

Some portrait carvings were made by J. andresen and H. M. Wei Ze Lal and others.

The war memorial expresses an elegant and solemn style. Besides, the 20th century.

Abstract sculpture used to be very popular in Holland.