Does the recruitment of state-owned enterprises need to go through the headquarters or can it be decided by the branch?

Not necessarily. It depends on the personnel management system within the company. If the personnel management system stipulates that branches can decide on their own recruitment and employment, then they don't need the approval of the head office, and they just need to report for the record at most. Otherwise, it needs to be reported to the head office for approval, and the head office may veto it.

So this is not necessarily, it depends on the internal personnel management system of different companies. We can't generalize.