Who can tell me the profile of Tongmei Group? Thank you!

1. Introduction to Datong Coal Group

Datong Coal Mining Group Company (formerly known as "Datong Mining Bureau") is a state-owned special enterprise in my country's coal industry

with an annual output of more than 30 million tons of raw coal. , ranking first in the country. The company now has total assets of 22 billion yuan and 150,000 employees. It is one of the country's 512 key enterprises and one of the country's 120 large enterprise groups

pilot units.

Datong Coal Mining Group Company, formerly known as Datong Mining Bureau, was established on August 30, 1949 to manage the production of nearly ten mines in Datong.

At the beginning, the annual coal output was only 82,000 tons, and the mines were mainly located in Kouquangou. After the founding of New China, Datong Mining Bureau has achieved considerable development. In 1973, the Yungang Mine, a large-scale modern mine designed and constructed by my country itself, was put into operation. Subsequently, the Yanzishan Mine and the Sitai Mine were built one after another, and the Majiliang Mine, Jinhuagong Mine has undergone technical transformation. In 1979, 24.04 million tons of coal were produced, doubling the designed capacity; in 1985, coal production exceeded 30 million tons for the first time in the country, and in 1993, 38.02 million tons of coal were produced, a record high. The highest annual output record for domestic coal companies. In recent years, in order to adapt to the needs of the coal market, the production capacity has stabilized at around 35 million tons.

In July 2000, Datong Coal Mining Group Co., Ltd. was restructured from the former Datong Mining Bureau. It is a wholly state-owned company with a registered capital of RMB 3.53308 billion.

At the end of 2001, the assets reached 14.7 billion yuan. The group company has 5 holding subsidiaries including Datong Coal Mining Co., Ltd.

It has a wholly-owned engineering construction subsidiary, as well as machine repair, Chemical, cement, gas and other secondary units.

Annual sales revenue is 7 billion yuan. In more than 50 years of production and operation, Datong Mining Bureau has achieved good economic and social benefits

. From 1949 to 2001, a total of 1.013 billion tons of coal were produced, and 12.565 billion yuan in profits and taxes were paid. The amount of profits and taxes was 2.62 times the country's cumulative investment.

On December 21, 2003, it was reorganized with the original Datong Coal Mining Group Co., Ltd.

A super-large coal mine with total assets of 22 billion yuan and 150,000 employees. The enterprise--Datong Coal Mining Group Company was officially established. This asset reorganization was carried out under the auspices and promotion of the government. It mainly took the former Datong Coal

Mining Group Co., Ltd. as the main body and merged some smaller coal mines in the nearby Ningwu Coalfield of Shuozhou City. State-owned coal mines have diversified investment entities, but they are all state-owned capital. Xintong Coal has 30 pairs of production mines, of which

the main ones include ***15 large-scale coal mines with an annual output of more than 2 million tons in Kouquangou and Yunganggou, and

A new large-scale modern coal mine with an annual output of more than 10 million tons is under construction. The development goal of Xintong Coal is that by

2006, coal production and sales will reach more than 100 million tons, and annual sales revenue will reach 20 billion yuan; by 2010,

production and sales will reach 1.5 billion tons, the installed capacity of the first phase of the power plant reached 5 million kilowatts, the total sales revenue reached

40 billion yuan, and the per capita annual income of employees reached more than 25,000 yuan. The ultimate goal is to make Xintong Coal become my country's largest coal power enterprise and enter the ranks of the world's "top ten" coal enterprises. (Datong Daily News: Make it bigger and stronger

Pillar industries, accelerate the pace of reform and development

2. Harvests and thoughts

1. Current status of business operations

p>

A brief overview of the operating status of Tongmei Group is as follows

In the years after 1998, due to the adverse impact of the downturn in the national coal market, Datong Mining

The bureau encountered greater difficulties in operations. The reasons were multifaceted. The domestic coal market was saturated and oversupplied. Coal exports were also affected by the Southeast Asian financial crisis and increasingly fierce international competition. /p>

The country is in need of energy adjustment and economic macro-control, and its investment in the coal industry has also dropped sharply.

In the past two years, with the recovery of the world economic situation and the growth of domestic market demand (energy was tight last year, Beijing once imposed power cuts; at the beginning of this year, the central government had proposed that the economy was overheating. problems), coal enterprises have temporarily passed the most difficult period, and their operating conditions have improved. According to Section Chief Rong, Tongmei Group is now operating at its maximum production capacity.

Regarding the reasons for the operating difficulties of coal enterprises, from the perspective of national macroeconomic policies, Chief Rong

mainly talked about one reason, which is the problem of uneven distribution of industrial profits. As one of the most important basic energy resources in my country, coal can be said to be at the most upstream of the entire industrial chain. In order to protect the profits of downstream industries, the state controls and intervenes in coal prices, artificially lowering the price of raw coal. The low price of coal is exacerbated by the high fragmentation and disorderly competition in the coal industry market. my country's coal industry is

a decentralized industry. No one company occupies a significant market share, that is, no one company can have a substantial impact on the development of the entire industry. In the United States, industries with market concentration less than 40% are often regarded as decentralized industries, while the market concentration of my country's coal industry is less than 10%. According to statistics, at the end of 1998

there were more than 50,000 coal enterprises of various types in the country, and each enterprise produced only about 25,000 tons of coal on average.

Even the 111 state-owned key coal enterprises The average coal sales volume of enterprises is only 4.22 million tons, and the average market share is less than 0.4%. Compared with the highly dispersed coal industry market, power, the most direct and important downstream industry of coal, is a highly concentrated and even almost state-monopolized industry in China.

In this way, the highly decentralized coal industry has no competitive advantage at all against the highly concentrated power industry.

The phenomena of price reduction and disorderly competition among coal companies are very serious. Tongmei Group has long wanted to build its own power plant

but the superiors have never approved it.

In addition to the large state-owned Tongmei Group (Datong Mining Bureau), Datong's coal companies also have a large number of small coal mines owned by local governments. At present, the production capacity and output of Tongmei Group and all other local coal mines are basically the same, and each accounts for half of the Datong coal industry. We have not yet had time to fully understand the current ownership

nature of these local small coal mines and how many enterprises are now completely privately owned, but there is no doubt that compared with large state-owned coal mines, The enterprise is the same as the coal group. These local small coal mines generally have serious safety hazards and frequent accidents. This has also intensified the disorderly competition in the coal industry and caused serious consequences to state-owned enterprises.

Big impact. When it comes to the problem of local small coal mines, it is mainly due to historical reasons. Since the reform and development,

especially in the 1980s, our country has been short of energy for a long time. Therefore, the government encourages the development of local small coal mines.

The barriers to entry in the industry are very low. As long as you are willing to invest, you can Can be mined. Now they have been developing for so many years. Although there are problems of one kind or another, they cannot shut down all at once.

After decades of large-scale mining of Datong’s coal resources since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the problem of resource depletion has begun to emerge.

On April 17, 2004, the Shanxi channel of Xinhuanet published an article signed by "Chen Zhonghua and Yuan Bixia" "The success of coal is also the failure of coal": "The coal capital of Datong is in trouble "Watch", the article raised the issue of coal resource depletion that Datong is currently facing: "First of all, high-quality coal resources are on the verge of exhaustion, and coal production continues to be tense. With the construction of energy bases and long-term high-intensity coal mining, Datong City's coal resources are about to enter a depletion period.

The Datong coalfield has a total area of ??1,827 square kilometers and a total reserve of 37.6 billion tons.

Among them, the total geological reserves of the upper Jurassic coalfield have been proven to be 6.8 billion tons. It is estimated that the Jurassic coal reserves will be available by the end of 2001

< p>The production reserves are less than 1.5 billion tons. According to the current mining rate, it can only be mined for 10-15 years. If factors such as resource destruction are added, it can only be mined for 6-8 years. The lower carboniferous Permian The preliminary exploration reserves of coal resources in the 19th century are 30.8 billion tons, but no detailed geological survey has been carried out. In addition, the burial depth is deep, the geological conditions are complex, the mining technology requirements are high, and the cost is huge. Factors, without national policies and funds, it is difficult for local governments to carry out large-scale mining

. "

From this point of view, the depletion of coal resources in Shanxi is not a very distant matter. Coal resources

will be exhausted in the near future, and the industrial structure will Adjustments should be made as early as possible to prepare for a rainy day. For local governments, this involves the issue of whether economic growth is sustainable; for enterprises, it involves enterprises in the short term. The ability to withstand market risks is a fundamental issue for the survival of an enterprise in the long term.

The difficulties experienced by Datong Mining Bureau in the past few years have shown that the performance of the coal mining industry alone is affected by market fluctuations

< p>The impact is huge and the ability to withstand risks is very weak. So, how do our government officials and business leaders consider these issues? When asked about this issue, he also admitted that the Bureau of Mines was facing the problem of coal resource depletion and said. Several large mines directly under the group have declared bankruptcy (this issue will be discussed further later). The real reason for the bankruptcy of several large mines is probably far from the reason of resource depletion.

can be explained). When talking about the adjustment of industrial structure, he seemed to be helpless in his speech, saying that according to their CEO's words, "'focus on coal and diversify operations. ', 'diversified operations, mainly coal'; what leaders call 'diversified operations' is actually 'mainly coal'. "Judging from the information disclosed in the media, the solution to this problem does not seem to be optimistic. At the unveiling ceremony of Xintong Coal Reorganization

attended by the main leaders of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government , the relatively specific long-term goals of enterprises proposed are still based on the pursuit of output. In addition to developing electricity, other "extending the coal industry chain and improving deep-processing products" seem to be some large-scale projects. p>

The policy has not yet been implemented into specific actions. The Xinhuanet Shanxi Channel article mentioned above also seems to indicate Datong’s current predicament.

2. The current situation of state-owned enterprise reform

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, state-owned enterprises have successively carried out "separation of government and enterprise", "separation of enterprises

business", "reducing staff and increasing efficiency" "," restructuring", "asset restructuring" and other reform measures. Tongmei Group (Datong Mining Bureau), as a state-owned large-scale enterprise, has its own advantages in corporate management system

>

What changes? According to what we know, compared with state-owned enterprises in other parts of the country, the reform progress of Tongmei Group (Datong Mining Bureau) is still very slow in many aspects. There are no substantial changes

For example, Tongmei Group has a total number of employees of 150,000, plus workers

< p>There are about 600,000 mines in total, and the 15 mines directly affiliated with the Tongmei Group are located in Kouquangou and Yunganggou.

Each mine generally has its own employee residence. Districts, schools, hospitals, banks and other public institutions are similar

to a township. Chief Rong of the Board Secretariat who received us said that the burden on Tongmei Group is very heavy.

But the reform is slow, mainly because the government does not allow the separation of (enterprises and public institutions), and local finances have no money.

On this issue, we have to excerpt the following < /p>

A conversation in the past:

"The director of No. 1 Mine: The overall reform is not strong and cannot be made big.

Since the First Mine is a subordinate unit of the Tongmei Group, it only has management rights but no operating rights, and does not have legal person qualifications. "The actions must be followed by the orders from above." The method of reform is subject to the constraints of the group company, leaving little room for autonomy. Our mine has more than 6,100 registered employees. In October 2003, more than 400 people were diverted. Now there are about 3,400 retired people. All of these are the responsibility of the enterprise and are supported by the enterprise. . More than 1,520 idle workers in total rely on coal to meet their food needs!

Now we are trying our best to take up jobs if we can, and arrange as much as possible for those who can be arranged. (Because once the change is made, one will be laid off, and once one is laid off

there will be trouble.)

"As far as the entire group company is concerned, the reform is just a name change, there is no substantive reform;

As far as this mine is concerned, in the process of marketization, many of them have switched from the original egalitarian big pot to market management.

This will inevitably cause opposition from some employees, and the understanding of employees is still unclear. It is relatively traditional and has not changed. At the same time, the living standards of employees are low, so they want to change it, but it is very difficult to change it.

"The whole group company is similar (referring to the group) Various coal mines affiliated to the company). But starting in 2001

In order to increase coal production, incentives were introduced. For every extra meal of coal produced than planned, an extra 30 yuan would be paid.

This creates a gap between the old mine and the new mine. The new mine has a large overproduction rate and a small personnel burden! The life of workers in the mine is quite difficult! "

"A deputy director in charge of logistics work at Tongmei Group: An enterprise like Tongmei has a heavy social burden

. There are nearly 600,000 family members of Tongmei Group employees, and their livelihoods are all borne by the company, creating great pressure for reform.

If this situation is not reformed, companies will not be able to afford it. Compared with

other industries, the efficiency of the coal industry is relatively low. The big-pot meal and egalitarian ideas left over from nearly fifty years of history are difficult to reverse in a short period of time. Therefore, Datong coal mine reform appears to be relatively slow.

The Datong Coal Mine employs 500,000 to 600,000 people, accounting for half of Datong. The entire enterprise is a small society. For such a large whole, if any part needs to be changed, the people will have to pay, and they will earn less. The reform will undoubtedly make it worse for them. Carrying out reforms without a mass base will be intolerable to the masses and will inevitably lead to dissatisfaction with society. Reform has gone through several stages, housing reform has been carried out, and water and gas reforms must be carried out gradually, otherwise society will be unstable. Only by increasing the income of employees can other reforms be carried out. "

Another example is the issue of "reducing staff to increase efficiency" and "laying off". According to Section Chief Rong, the layoff phenomenon at Tongmei Group is not serious. Currently, there are more than 6,000 laid-off employees globally. Compared to the total number of employees of 150,000, the ratio is still low. Of course, this is the situation after the coal industry has initially emerged from the downturn in the past two years and the external living environment of the company has improved. . It was relatively serious in the past few years. Regarding the number of laid-off workers, the official data often deviates from the actual situation to a certain extent, because it involves the issue of how to define the identity of "laid-off workers".

Question. According to what we learned from interviews with ordinary workers, the hidden unemployment problem here is also quite serious.

Several old workers said that the biggest problem now is that "young people are not serious." "Work". Of course, there is also a concept issue here

According to our guess, the "serious work" that the old workers refer to is not like the "serious work" in state-owned enterprises before the reform and opening up.

"Iron rice bowl" jobs should at least be long-term workers or contract workers. Temporary workers probably don't count. Because temporary workers are in danger of being fired at any time, they can only be considered temporary jobs. No

p>

It can be regarded as a "serious job". There may be a historical issue here. The term "laid-off" may be mainly used for workers in state-owned enterprises in the past. State-owned enterprises have relatively fixed and permanent jobs, but they no longer exist, so they are "laid off".

However, China's reform has progressed to this day, and the "iron rice bowl" of the past has long been abolished. Workers in state-owned enterprises are mainly contract workers or even temporary workers. In other words, for the new generation of young people who are now of working age, most of them will not encounter the problem of being laid off.

Because I have never worked in the first place, there is no need to be laid off. Therefore, the key to the problem is the replacement of the status of workers in state-owned enterprises. Regular workers become contract workers, contract workers become temporary workers, and so on. Since we

were unable to interview the senior leaders of Tongmei Group during this trip, we did not understand the macro

data such as the proportion of contract workers and temporary workers in each mine, but during the interview we also I interviewed several temporary workers, especially the Second Mine, which is currently nominally declared bankrupt. Generally speaking, the layoff phenomenon of Tongmei Group is not serious yet. After all, the coal market is not bad now, and the company is producing at full capacity (according to the introduction of Section Chief Rong).

Regarding the recent asset restructuring of Tongmei Group, Section Chief Rong believes that this is a relatively wise decision made by the government

. This asset reorganization is mainly based on the original Datong Coal Mining Group Co., Ltd., which merged some smaller state-owned coal mines in the nearby Ningwu Coalfield in Shuozhou City, and invested in The entities are diverse, but all are state-owned capital. Chief Rong said that since local small coal mines generally have backward equipment and low mechanization, after integration, some of the equipment that has been eliminated by Tongmei Group can be transferred to these small coal mines. Help them expand production capacity; the phenomenon of disorderly competition in the market may also be alleviated. But since it has just been reorganized, the long-term effects remain to be seen.

As for the income status of enterprise employees, the data provided to us by Section Chief Rong is "the average annual salary of employees

12,000 to 13,000 yuan, with more front-line workers." But in fact, according to our interviews with ordinary workers, the income is not that high.

In the past few days, our General Secretary has interviewed more than 20 master workers, including retired cadres, veteran workers, and on-the-job workers. It is quite comprehensive. According to what we actually know,

underground workers, the hardest and most dangerous front-line workers, can only get a salary of more than 1,000;

and even more second-line workers , including ground workers, the income is only about 800. The income of on-the-job workers is mainly divided into two parts: one part is the basic salary, and the other part is the over-extraction income. The management here is very chaotic,

There are many loopholes, which will be discussed later when we talk about corruption. The pension for cadres can reach about 1,000, and the pension for ordinary workers ranges from 400 to 800. In the past few years, when the coal market was in recession, there was a delay in wages.

The situation has been better in the past two years, and pensions and workers' wages can basically be paid on time. Because the country has implemented an annual salary system for state-owned enterprise leaders, the income of leading cadres is still considerable. According to what we learned from ordinary workers

and some retired cadres, the annual salary of the top leadership director is 600,000, and even the captain at the lowest level, such as a comprehensive mining team The captain has an annual salary of 65,000 (this does not include black income and other gray income related to corruption). There are also other bonuses, subsidies, etc., such as safety production awards,

As long as the coal mine accident mortality rate does not exceed the standard, you can get it. It can be seen that the income gap between leaders and workers is huge

. When a retired cadre heard us say, "The average annual salary of employees is 12,000 to 13,000 yuan (data provided by a section chief)", he smiled and said, "Do you know how it was calculated? If you average the director's 600,000 yuan and the ordinary worker's 800 yuan, that's the number. "It makes sense when we think about it. Maybe that's how the number came out.

We don’t know much about the housing issues of employees, and we only visited two mines, No. 9 Mine and No. 2 Mine.

Just briefly talk about the employee residential areas we saw. There are several unit buildings in Jiukuang. It is said that they were first built in the 1990s, but now they look a little dilapidated.

There are also some workers who live in very low and dilapidated small houses built against the mountains, just like slums. There are nine mines with better profits, and there are more mines in the second mine that have declared bankruptcy. After entering from the gate of the Second Mine and walking a short distance along the road, you can see a hillside from the gap between the two buildings on the left side of the road. There is a low slum like slum built on the hillside halfway up< /p>

The small house looks like an abandoned grotto or dilapidated castle in the desert. We asked an aunt who was passing by and learned that some people still live there. It is said that in the past, central leaders came to inspect the mining area and saw these low-rise houses along the way. They asked what they were for, and they replied that they were for raising chickens. There are other similar versions of this legend. Its authenticity cannot be verified, but it is enough to vividly describe the simplicity and dilapidation of these small houses.

Regarding the issue of medical insurance, most workers interviewed said that although it is available in name, it is basically useless

in practice. Minor illness will not be reimbursed, and the amount below 300 yuan will be paid by yourself; serious illness will only be reimbursed for a small part, a few percent. This is only the case for regular workers, temporary workers have nothing.

Children’s education expenses are also a great pressure on workers. The average schooling fee for primary school students is several hundred dollars per year, and for junior high school students it is thousands of dollars. Even more so in high school. But basically

There is no phenomenon that children cannot afford to go to school due to lack of money.

4. Workers' working conditions

Because this is a coal mine, our main concern is the enterprise's accident rate, safety and accident aftermath

handling.

According to what we know from ordinary workers, Tongmei Group is a state-owned large-scale coal mine after all.

It has done a good job in terms of production safety. Coal mining itself has certain dangers and cannot be absolutely safe. Accidents happen every year. Sometimes one or two people die a year, sometimes two or three, sometimes three or four. The mortality rate stipulated in the mine is 0.1 people/million tons of coal, which is still relatively low. According to this ratio, and based on the current output of the same coal group of 40 million tons/year, it is normal for several people to die every year.

The two largest accidents in recent years were both gas explosions. One was the gas explosion in Mine No. 9 on October 27, 1993, which killed 28 people. The other time was the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" gas explosion accident in the Second Mine on September 5, 2000, which resulted in more casualties. It is said that the reason was that the team leader hired people from Sichuan to cook with an electric stove 170 meters deep underground, causing a gas explosion and killing 52 people (another master said that none of the dead people were alive). (Because

the mine collapsed after the gas explosion and they were all buried underneath), only 32 are known to the outside world.

According to what we have learned, many accidents are caused by workers' illegal operations.

The reasons for illegal operations are also divided into different situations. In addition to the situation where workers do not understand the operating regulations, there is also

a situation where safe operating regulations are ignored in the pursuit of efficiency. For example, if the motor breaks down, production should be stopped according to regulations. However, since workers' income is directly linked to the amount of coal extracted, workers work against regulations in order to cut more coal.

Try to grab as much time as possible. For another example, when we were interviewing at the No. 2 Mine, we saw miners going down the mine on a high-speed cable car at the entrance of the mine. The worker in charge of safety nearby said that according to regulations, the door of the cable car should be closed, but usually they don't close it. Maybe it's just trouble. In fact, many accidents are caused by carelessness.

For regular workers, compensation and benefits will be provided after an accident. For the gas explosion in the Nine Mines mentioned above in 1993, each person received a pension of 60,000 yuan. However, after the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" gas explosion accident in the Second Mine in 2000, some of the workers who died were temporary workers hired from other places, and some did not receive pensions at all.

If people from other places come together, some compensation will be given; if there are no relatives or friends, then they will not be able to see anyone alive or die without seeing their bodies, and no compensation or pension will be given. of.

The master worker said: "The central government doesn't understand at all. No one has ever come to cover such a big accident. Workers have never seen reporters. When reporters come, they eat and drink well.

< p>If you can't get down, the top has been covered with a black cloth. "

We also interviewed a disabled retired worker from the Ninth Mine who worked underground for eight years and was born in 1995.

My arm was pulled off by a belt, and I was disabled and retracted. Now I don’t have to go to work, I open a small shop. The monthly salary used to be five or six hundred, but now it is eight hundred; the cost of looking at the arm is borne by the mine; the buyer only paid three thousand

p>

RMB yuan, and the rest is subsidized by the mine; small shops do not have to pay taxes.

Based on the above situation, we can roughly understand that Tongmei Group, as a state-owned special

large state-owned enterprise in the coal industry, is pretty good in terms of safety, and the accident rate is relatively low; Although to a certain extent

there is also the problem of neglecting safety for the sake of efficiency, it is much better than that of small local coal mines; for formal workers who live locally

There will also be pension compensation after the accident. But it seems that this kind of pension compensation is not really out of concern for the workers, but is given out of necessity. If it can't be paid, it won't be given. Temporary workers from other places

will not be compensated if something happens to them!

Let me write one more thing by the way. When we were interviewing people on the board of directors of the Tongmei Group headquarters the next morning, we heard from them that a huge gas explosion had occurred in a local coal mine in Xi County, Shanxi two days ago

Bad news. After reading the news, I learned that at about 7:40 a.m. on April 30, a gas explosion occurred in the Liangjiahe coal mine in Xi County, Shanxi Province, killing 36 miners, mostly non-local miners from Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Chongqing. "China Youth Daily" on May 12th published an article "Shanxi Xi "Investigation on Abnormal Deaths of 36 Miners in the County" contains this passage

: "'Liangjiahe Coal Mine is the only coal mine in Xi County and pays more than 2 million yuan in taxes to Xi County every year. For

p>For our agricultural county with an annual fiscal revenue of 14 million yuan, it can be said to be a pillar industry. 'A government official in Xi County said so. It is reported that the Liangjiahe Coal Mine only took two years from the time it was put into operation to the explosion. time."