Historical question: What are the collection system, the procuratorial system, the Nine Grades Zhengzhong system and the imperial examination system? What are their roles?

The system of levying and accepting officials is a top-down system implemented by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

The Eastern Han Dynasty followed the Western Han Dynasty and implemented the system of discipline, collection and appointment of officials.

The so-called "expropriation" system can also be divided into "expropriation" and "expropriation":

The court listed scholars as "conscripts". For example, Book of Han, Volume 6, Ji of Emperor Wudi, defines Lu, an expert in the Book of Songs, as an emissary of "arranging wheels and wheels, bundling silks and adding jade, and levying land".

The Chief Executive got rid of scholars in order to get rid of them. Such as "Han Shu" Volume 77 "Sun Baochuan": "Sun Baozi is strict, and Yingchuan Yanling people are also. Take Mingjing as the county magistrate. The ancient historian Zhong Zhang took the treasure for himself. "

During the Western Han Dynasty, there were both conscription system and rogue system, which can be collectively called "conscription". So did the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Procuratorial system is an ancient system for selecting officials in China, which was established in the first year of Yuanguang (BC 134). The imperial examination system is different from the hereditary system in the pre-Qin period and the imperial examination system established in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Its main feature is that local governors inspect and select talents at any time within their jurisdiction and recommend them to superiors or the central government, and appoint official positions after probation and examination.

Jiupin Zheng Zhi

Jiupin Zheng Zhi system, also known as Jiupin Official Law, was the main official selection system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. This system of selecting officials is actually the continuation and development of the procuratorial system in Han Dynasty, or another manifestation of the procuratorial system. This new system of selecting officials was initiated by Chen Qun, a senior official of Cao Pishi in Wei Wendi.

By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the procurator system in the Han Dynasty had been manipulated and used by aristocratic families, which influenced the public opinion in rural areas at that time, leading to all kinds of corruption of procurators, sharp contradictions with small and medium-sized landlords and their intellectuals who demanded to participate in politics, and fierce struggles on how to choose officials. It is in this context that the ninth grade Zheng Zhi system came into being.

It is Cao Cao's thought that the Nine Grades are in the right system and the meritocracy is the promotion. Cao Cao has issued three orders for seeking talents. He clearly pointed out that even a person who is "heartless and unfilial" should be used to govern the country and lead troops to fight as long as he is "talented and heterogeneous" and has "the skill of governing the country and using troops". This is undoubtedly a big impact on the Confucian thought that emphasized the rule of virtue and benevolence and filial piety at that time, and it is also a big revision of the employment standards at that time. The change of guiding ideology has attracted the grand occasion of "valiant generals are like clouds, counselors are like rain", which has gradually changed the situation that the election situation has been evaluated and controlled by aristocratic families since the Eastern Han Dynasty, creating conditions for the establishment of a new electoral system.

After Cao Cao's death, Cao Pi adopted Chen Qun's initiative and institutionalized Cao Cao's "meritocracy" policy, so Jiupin Zheng Zhi became the main official selection system in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. But at that time, the tea bureau had not been completely abolished.

Imperial Examination is a talent selection examination for ancient literati in China. This is the system of selecting officials through examinations in feudal dynasties. It is called imperial examination because it adopts the method of selecting scholars by subjects. The imperial examination system was implemented in the Sui Dynasty until the last Jinshi examination was held in the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than 1,300 years.