Introduction of Einstein

Albert. Einstein (1March 87914-1April 955 18) was born in Ulm, Wü rttemberg, Germany, and was a Jewish physicist.

Einstein laid a theoretical foundation for the development of nuclear energy and initiated a new era of modern science and technology, and was recognized as the greatest physicist after Galileo and Newton. 199965438+On February 26th, Einstein was selected as "the great man of the century" by American Time magazine.

Einstein was born in a Jewish family in Ulm, Germany on 1879. 1900 graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and became a Swiss citizen. 1April 1955 18 died at the age of 76.

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The establishment of special relativity

Einstein's theory is based on two axioms, namely, the principle of relativity and the principle of invariance of light speed. "Relativity principle" means that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial systems.

The principle of constant speed of light has two meanings. The first layer is "convention", that is, in any inertial system, the speed of light in vacuum is isotropic everywhere, that is, the speed of light is the same everywhere. Using this convention, Einstein calibrated the clocks at all points in space to make them "simultaneous" or "synchronous", thus defining the unified time of the whole space. Defining unified time in inertial system is the premise of discussing relativity.

The second meaning is what we usually call "the principle of constant speed of light": the speed of light in vacuum has nothing to do with the movement of the observer relative to the light source. Note that the principle of light speed invariance emphasizes not the uniformity and isotropy of light speed at all points in space, or even a constant, but that the measurement of light speed in vacuum is the same constant c in all inertial systems, regardless of the relative motion of these inertial systems.

On the basis of "the principle of relativity" and "the principle of invariability of light speed", Einstein strictly deduced the Lorentz transformation, the core formula of special relativity, and further strictly deduced the relativistic effects such as "simultaneous" relativity, moving scale contraction (Lorentz contraction), moving clock slowing, speed superposition formula, mass formula and mass-energy relationship, and established a complete building of special relativity.

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