Why did Emperor Chongzhen's last words say that civil servants could kill the world?

Why did Emperor Chongzhen's last words say that civil servants could kill the world?

Knowing that all this was in hindsight, Zhu Youjian ignored it, bowed his head and wrote twelve words on the imperial case, so that Wang Zhixin, the eunuch standing by, looked at it and then erased it. It is said that six of the words are that civil servants can be killed by everyone. In the eyes of Americans, national affairs are not good because they are in the hands of these civil servants.

The last few difficult days

For Zhu Youjian, the first ten days of March in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen was the last hard day. While recruiting hard-working teachers from all aspects, we should also raise our salaries. One way is that criminal bureaucrats held in prisons can make amends by donating their wages; The second way is that all royal families and senior bureaucrats donate their salaries according to their official ranks and ranks. The former seems to have some effect, because it can offset crimes, so-called spending money to eliminate disasters. The latter is almost ineffective because it is a free donation. Only eunuchs around the emperor, such as Wang, donated 52,000 yuan for his charity.

The rest of the senior officials seem penniless. Minister Wei Zaode only symbolically donated five hundred and twenty pieces of silver. Chen Yan, the minister, pretended to be poor in front of the emperor, claiming that he was always clean, never asked for bribes to sell officials, and never donated a silver or two. Those royal family members are rich, but they are stingy and refuse to contribute to the country. The emperor sent eunuchs to raise money from his father-in-law, Jia Zhoukui. Zhou Kui never let go. He was so angry that the eunuch left a sentence: the old royal family was so stingy that the tide was gone! What's the use of your savings if you lose your land?

Eunuch Wang Zhixin is a famous rich man in Kyoto. The emperor raised money for him and reluctantly donated twelve thousand pieces of silver. The eunuchs who earned enough money in the imperial court tried their best to put up advertisements for selling this house on their houses and set up stalls to sell antiques and sundries, as if they were too poor to sell SARS. These royal slaves even grumbled and wrote limerick on the palace gate: there is no one here, but there is their place. It shows that the Ming dynasty is at the end of the road, and there is no cohesion at all. Those who are attached to the Ming Dynasty and are in the ascendant have detached themselves from virtue. They are not without money, but indifferent to the demise of the dynasty. Later, the peasant army captured Beijing and plundered it. Under the threat of extorting a confession by torture, Wang Zhixin took out 102000 taels of silver, and Chen Yan also took out 42000 taels of silver. The peasant army copied more than 502,000 houses in Zhou Kui.

This is an ominous sign that a dynasty is about to die.

At this point, Zhu Youjian can only do his best. On the one hand, I felt the corruption of bureaucrats and issued a decree to the Sixth Ministry and the Duchayuan. On the other hand, in order to win the hearts of the people, he issued an Amnesty order to the whole world, and made a profound review of his achievements in 17:

In the seventeen years, the war between Liaodong and the Central Plains was a last resort. After years of fighting, taxes and factions increased. The original intention was to appease the people. As a result, the burden on the people has increased. This is my fault.

Corrupt officials took the opportunity to plunder and deliberately exploit, resulting in poor livelihood of the people. This is my fault. I can't help but observe in the inner palace.

The generals are weak, the soldiers are arrogant and desperately refuse to kill the enemy. On the contrary, they burned and plundered people and regarded them as enemies. This is my fault. I appointed a non-human person, which caused the ulcer to fester.

After sighing and hating, I had to blame myself and tell the people that the military and horses have come to be diligent and the tax increase is exempted. All things that have caused inconvenience to the people have been cancelled, and a new situation should be created. I hope Niu Jinxing, Liu Zongmin and others who follow Li Zicheng will be pardoned and not investigated. He also said that after the unrest subsided, we must appoint talented people to govern the country, reform the corrupt politics in the past, and reform with everyone.

These words revealed Zhu Youjian's eagerness to save its national defense.

12 in March, the peasant army approached the suburbs of Beijing, and the ruling and opposition parties shook. Zhu Youjian called the minister to ask for countermeasures, but everyone could do nothing but say something irrelevant, such as closing the city gate and forbidding entry. The next day, he held another headquarters meeting, and no one said anything. He was so angry that he cursed the Ministry of War Zhang Shangshu for dereliction of duty. Zhang simply slapped his gauze cap and begged to be dismissed from office. What is the way out for this mentality except doing nothing?

On March 15, the peasant army arrived at Juyongguan. The eunuch in the army is in the same column as the company commander Tang. Give up without a fight and easily give up the last pass to defend Beijing. Governor He Qian and company commanders Ma Dai got cold feet.

On March 16, Zhu Youjian was still in the palace, and he inspected 33 alternate magistrates. Suddenly, the eunuch sent an urgent letter and opened it. Zhu Youjian suddenly stood up and went in. This dispatch was made by Tang Bao, who fell from Changping, a suburb of Beijing. Content: At dawn this day, the peasant army captured Changping, and the company commander Li committed suicide. Farmers immediately invaded the Twelve Mausoleums, burned temples and cut down pines and cypresses. That night, the peasant army marched along the Shahe River and arrived at Pingzemen, the outer city of Beijing, with candles burning brightly along the way.

The Ming dynasty is in danger.

Talk about peace? Intimate?

Enemy at the Gates, a seemingly United bureaucratic group, soon fell apart, just as buildings collapsed and birds flew into the forest. Some speculators secretly plan contingency measures to prepare for the new situation of changing dynasties and one emperor and one minister.

Dai Li's "State Monopoly" records such a detail: whenever a Beijing official has official business, he sends a simple document summary to his minions, which is called a leaflet. One day in mid-March, Wei Titang, an official of the Ministry of War, met a senior bureaucrat and hurried on his way. Upon inquiry, a leaflet was displayed on the page, which read: eunuch Cao Huachun, minister of war Zhang Jianyan and other civil and military ministers agreed to open the door to meet the thief, and many bureaucrats signed the leaflet. It can be seen that a contingency plot is quietly brewing. The future development has confirmed this.

On March 17, the farmer Dong Jun Road arrived at Gaobeidian, and the west road arrived outside Xizhimen, and began to shell the city wall. In the Forbidden City, the early dynasty still goes on as usual. The emperor and his ministers cried and were at a loss. Some people say that officials who are severely punished should take advantage of the American rebellion. Yes, it should be Dong Anbo. He should be a diligent Shandong native. Knowing that all this was in hindsight, Zhu Youjian ignored it, bowed his head and wrote twelve words on the imperial case, so that Wang Zhixin, the eunuch standing by, looked at it and then erased it. It is said that six of the words are that civil servants can be killed by everyone. In the eyes of Americans, national affairs are not good because they are in the hands of these civil servants.

At noon, the peasant army began to attack Pingzemen, Zhangyimen and Xizhimen. The soldiers guarding these three gates, the so-called 3rd Battalion, are actually weak and beaten eunuchs, claiming to be 10,000 and having no fighting capacity. Besides, no one cooks, everyone is hungry, and there is no way to resist the overwhelming offensive! Although the positions outside the city wall are covered with obstacles such as trains, giant cannons, thistles and antlers. They still can't stop the flood of peasant troops in yellow armor surrounding the capital.

/kloc-in March of 0/8, Li Zicheng commanded the peasant army to storm in the rain. The defenders in the city put guns outside, and there were no shells, only a burst of smoke and empty sounds, like setting off firecrackers there, just perfunctory.

Outside Zhangyimen in Li Zicheng, he shouted to the rostrum, hoping for peace talks.

Li Boguozhen, Xiangcheng, who is in charge of guarding the city, replied loudly from the tower: I will go to your barracks as a hostage, and you can send someone to meet the emperor.

Li Zicheng replied: No hostages. Du Xun, the eunuch who surrendered, was immediately sent to the city to deliver letters to the emperor.

Du Xun hurriedly ran into the Forbidden City, conveyed the meaning of Li Zicheng to the emperor, and asked to open the door to meet the courtiers.

Wily Wei Zaode was afraid of taking responsibility, said nothing and bowed his head blindly. Anxious Zhu Youjian stood up from the dragon chair and leaned back, repeatedly looking for Wei Zaode's advice, but the other party remained silent. Helpless, Zhu Youjian had to order Du Xun to deliver letters to Li Zicheng outside the city. There are only six words in this sentence: I made a plan and I have another purpose. Deny the possibility of peace talks with a condescending attitude. When Du Xun quit, Wei Zaode said nothing, so I was so angry that Zhu Youjian pushed down the dragon chair and left in a hurry.

The so-called plan, I have another purpose, I have no choice but to fight to the end. Zhu Youjian immediately drafted a personal letter, reviewed his history of 17 years with elegant writing, and reluctantly admitted that in the past 17 years, politics had not been repaired and there was constant trouble. Is there no saint appointed, and no one is far from the black sheep? As a result, people were offended and resented, and the children became thieves. The mausoleum was shocked and the prince was slaughtered. The shame of the country is greater than this. Then, he announced to his subjects that he had decided to lead the army himself and entrusted the prince to handle state affairs. He appealed to his subjects that if they could work hard, be loyal and brave, and donate military weapons, they would be selected and used by former soldiers. After the rebellion is eliminated, they will be rewarded and will never break their word. This is the last commandment he sent to the people of the whole country as the emperor. This is obviously a bluff. Talking about personal expedition at this time is tantamount to daydreaming. If it means anything, it just publicly shows his determination to die rather than surrender and die for his country.

After the personal expedition was issued, Xu was recruited to lead the civilian armed forces to escort the prince out of Beijing and south. Gu Gongyong told him that he never dared to keep private armed forces, and even if he did, he could not escape from the encirclement. This unrealistic dream must be abandoned. Call Zhu Youjian eunuch Wang Chengen and ask him to call the palace staff and prepare to guard the Forbidden City.

Du Xun Xiahou _ got Li Zicheng's reply and ordered the whole army to attack the city. Cao Huachun, the eunuch in the city, opened the door to surrender according to the practice of opening the door to see thieves. At the same time, Deshengmen and Heping Gate were also opened, and the outer city of Beijing fell without attack.

In the palace, Zhu Youjian didn't ask the cabinet minister whether the outer city of Qi had been breached. The cabinet replied, I don't I don't know. He asked, what's the urgent solution? Cabinet officials answered with a few words of self-deception: Your Majesty, don't worry about staying in heaven; If anything happens to me, I will fight in the street and swear to live up to my country. The so-called street fighting is of course a deceptive story. When the peasant army attacked the inner city, Wang Xiangyao, the eunuch guarding Xuanwu Gate, Zhang Jianyan, the minister of war guarding Zhengyangmen, and Zhu, who guarded Qihuamen, all surrendered according to the practice of opening the door to meet the enemy. In the whole process, there was no street fighting at all. /kloc-On the night of March in 0/8, the peasant army took control of the whole inner city, only one step away from the Forbidden City.

Fireworks filled the sky above the capital, and drizzle mixed with snowflakes covered the whole city in the smog, which cast a bleak color on the end of the dynasty. According to Xu Liukou, the yellow sand covered the sky and turned into a bitter wind and rain. After a long time, hail and thunder came, and human feelings became more and more chaotic. You see, the biting wind, rain, hail, lightning and gunfire are intertwined, rendering the desolation of the end of the Forbidden City vivid.

Zhu Youjian was wandering around the palace when he reported to eunuch Xia Houdun, "The inner city has been broken. What about the soldiers in the army? Where is Li Guozhen? The answer is: Li Guozhen, the governor of Beijing camp, fled for his life, and the soldiers in the camp also fled separately. They advised the emperor to leave quickly. This is the water under the bridge. They had to run for their lives. They never imagined that the emperor chose not to hurry, but to wait for death. Exc