Career planning book for sociology majors

Career planning book for sociology majors

I. Introduction

Before I went to college, I thought that going to college meant liberation, without the bondage of parents, without the pressure of teachers and without the pressure of studying, but I soon found myself wrong. High school's efforts are to be admitted to key universities, but the graduation certificate of key universities is only the most basic condition to enter the talent recruitment market, just like the entrance of high-end office buildings says that disheveled people can't enter. Since the enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in China, a large number of graduates have graduated every year, and the employment situation is very severe. Although our school is in Project 2 1 1 and 985, and may be a student of a key university, the enterprise may not choose me because of my registered permanent residence. Reality will not be the same as we imagined, it may be unfair and cruel; But I believe that ability is the most important thing. Wherever I go, I won't be afraid. I can start all over again because I have the ability.

Not everything you can think of will be yours, and no one will spoil themselves like their parents. The ability is the same. It must be formed by experience, patience, communication, thinking and analysis, and grasping oneself. When I first entered the university, I experienced many blows. I was not elected to the student union as a class cadre? Look, talk and act unlike others. So I made up my mind to be myself, seize every opportunity with my heart, let myself learn to grow and become capable. But how can I really do this, and how can I find a direction that needs my own efforts? I'm still a little confused.

It was not until this semester that I took the course of college students' career planning that I began to have some feelings about my college life, work direction and life planning. I will seriously look for my value, what I can do, what I should do, and I will know how to pay attention to everyone and every detail around me to get more opportunities. First of all, the course of college students' career planning makes me understand that if I don't wake up and add value to my life, the future will be full of thorns and life will lose its due glory. Secondly, the course of college students' career planning has taught me some persistent, hard-working and dedicated people. They can have today's achievements and bright future because they think with their brains and work hard with their hands, not luck and aimless busyness. It also makes me believe that there is an upward mobility mechanism in society. As long as I give, I will get something. Thirdly, the course of college students' career planning makes me understand the types of talents needed by society and enterprises, such as basic knowledge (professional foundation and cultural background), ability (ability to learn new things, communicate with people, improvise and use knowledge), quality (loyalty, honesty, trustworthiness, mutual assistance, cooperation and boldness) and so on. Fourthly, I will make my own career plan according to the information I have, because this will give me a clear goal, make me take fewer detours in the process of realizing my ideal, make me know how to find new opportunities better than others, increase useful experience, and make me not regret because of my ignorance.

Second, self-analysis.

People have been constantly knowing themselves according to others and what they have done all their lives. Sometimes they hate themselves because they have done something wrong, and sometimes they are full of reason and courage to change themselves. I think my overall personality has two sides: in my usual life, I like to be quiet, not very talkative, and always like to do what I should do; When I need to communicate with people, I will be outgoing and cheerful, and I always like to laugh. I once made a career evaluation, which said that my personality is manager type, characterized by a sense of responsibility, high work efficiency, results-oriented, cheerful personality, good at socializing, practice-oriented, clear in logic, and able to objectively and fairly analyze and judge various problems and make decisions. With the migration of environment and different requirements, a person's personality is always changing. In terms of teamwork, I have changed a lot since I went to college: I didn't like to cooperate with others before, and I always thought I could do everything well by myself, but I also lacked opportunities for teamwork in real life; But after taking a course called physical education class in college, I found that teamwork can make me do something I can't do, surprise me and give me strength. Of course, this requires mutual trust, care and efforts.

I have no special interest, as long as it is worth doing and suitable for me, I should finish it and do it well. What I am not suitable for is something with strong hands-on ability, such as driving. Although I have studied for a while, I still lack the feeling of integration of people and cars. I'm too suitable for things that are too risky. I once doubted that I would do anything bold because the newborn calf was not afraid of tigers and vented his emotions. My language ability is not very good, and my grasp of pronunciation is not strong. From the outside, I am a girl who can't stand the wind and rain; But on the contrary, I am an independent and adaptable person. I think my observation ability, analysis ability and perception ability are very strong. In addition, I need to strengthen my interpersonal skills (not only for my classmates and friends, but also for teachers, superiors and elders), adaptability, learning ability, information search ability and self-management ability, because these abilities are very important in real life, study and work, and I can acquire them through my own efforts and experience accumulation.

I think as long as a person stands at a certain height, she can do bigger and more effective things for more people; Only when each of us can bring material and spiritual wealth to our parents can she have the strength to give social returns. And I hope to earn enough money to meet the above-average living needs. I don't want my future job to be too easy or simple. I look forward to every challenge. I don't like the working environment with immature system, and I don't want to work in a cultural atmosphere with serious corruption and corrupt ideas. In addition, from the course of college students' career planning, I learned that only when I am in the core position of the enterprise and can bring the greatest benefits to the enterprise, I am the most needed and valued. For example, secretaries are generally not as good as managers; Market planners and investment consultants are often taller than managers.

Third, professional employment direction and prospect analysis

My major is sociology, which belongs to the category of law. I attach importance to integrating theory with practice, and often collect and analyze some social phenomena and problems to achieve the purpose of understanding and solving them.

Sociology is a discipline of liberal arts, and its professional development has no specific employment direction except specific investigation and research, but previous graduates usually consider some industries and posts related to the research and analysis of social phenomena and problems.

A, government departments in the government, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Labor, the Family Planning Commission, the Youth League Committee, and the Policy Research Office are all in line with sociology majors. The competition generated by the civil service examination mechanism is very fierce; At the same time, the work level of undergraduate graduates is low, and the personnel circulation mechanism of government departments is not perfect, so it is not easy to enter government departments and win promotion opportunities.

B, community community work generally refers to people who work in street offices and neighborhood committees. Their current salary level, reputation, power and development opportunities are not as good as those of government departments, but it is reported that people working in sub-district offices or neighborhood committees will be included in the civil service level. Although the threshold of community work is low, the actual treatment will still be different from that of formal civil servants. In addition, there are now specialized community workers, who are engaged in community management and service work in community party organizations, community neighborhood committees and community service stations and sign service agreements with streets (towns). Their qualifications need to pass special and graded examinations. The average annual salary of community workers is 34 thousand yuan, and flexible working hours can be implemented, but the working hours per week are not less than 40 hours.

C.NGO or social enterprises At present, there are more and more NGOs at home and abroad in China, such as children's villages and environmental protection organizations in China; United Nations, some Geneva offices in China, Ford Foundation, Greenpeace, Oxfam, British Children's Fund, American Education Foundation and other offices in China. Social workers refer to professional and technical personnel engaged in specialized social services in social service institutions such as social welfare, social assistance, social charity, labor security, rehabilitation of the disabled, special care and placement, medical and health care, youth services, and judicial correction. Their main duty is to make professional diagnosis and treatment of various social problems and members in various difficulties, which can effectively make up for the lack of government services. Because its subordinate organization is neither a government nor an enterprise, its salary is low. Social enterprises are not pure enterprises, nor are they general social services. They operate through commercial means, earn profits and make contributions to society. Their surplus is used to help vulnerable groups, promote the development of communities and the investment of social enterprises themselves; They pay more attention to social value than to maximize corporate profits; It does not aim at maximizing profits, but also pursues profits. The number of social enterprises in China is small and the scale is small. Most of them are founded by individuals, but the profits are relatively low, and most of them will be used for donations again.

I believe many students entered this major before the college entrance examination, aiming at the golden signboard of communication engineering. A large number of people will feel confused or worried about the future after entering the university? We clearly felt this emotion from the letters from readers. In fact, on the eve of 3g implementation, experts in human resources think that the second spring of communication industry is coming, but at the same time, they also think that this spring can't be as sweet as last time, and it will only nourish those who are prepared.

Many students are also confused about the salary level of the communication industry: why do graduates complain that it is difficult to find a job, but communication is a high-paying industry? In fact, only big R&D companies like Huawei and ZTE can get high salaries. Even if it is the same position of the same operator, the treatment of branches all over the country may be very different and cannot be described in general. So I can only list a few companies with relatively good treatment to introduce their approximate salary standards. In most small and medium-sized enterprises and branches of operators, the treatment of new employees can not reach this level. Huawei: the monthly salary of new employees is 3500-4000, and the subsidy is 1000 (Shenzhen Bantian); Ut Starcom: The monthly salary of new employees is about 5,500, and the subsidy is nearly 2,000 (Shenzhen Science Park). Huizhou Telecommunications Bureau: The monthly salary of new employees is 2000-3500, the subsidy is 300, and the year-end bonus is about 20,000 (Jiangbei, Huizhou).

Communication technology research and development personnel

Career path: R&D staff? R&D engineer? Top market or management personnel

Talent market: A few years ago, the communication industry was in the spring, and the R&D field provided many high-paying positions. Even today, R&D positions of well-known enterprises such as Huawei, ZTE and ut Starcom are still very competitive. However, such companies and positions are too few compared with the increasing number of graduates in our major every year.

After reading the career planning of communication engineering, the editor of this website also recommends more related articles for you: career planning column.

The reason is not only the decrease in the demand for talents directly caused by the scale of the communication industry and the stagnant market development, but also the attitude of universities towards the setting of communication majors: go if conditions permit. ? In fact, many schools do not have the strength to offer this major. The key lies in teachers and experimental equipment. But even so, we should not lose heart. After all, as far as our major is concerned, it is difficult for undergraduates to meet the employment requirements of enterprises once they graduate. Therefore, the criteria for many enterprises to select new employees are solid professional foundation, open mind, good English and a little creativity.

Analysis and suggestion: the university can get graduation certificate, degree certificate, band 6 and computer secondary certificate in four years, and the rest depends on mixing. There is a popular view among graduates nowadays. Personally, I don't think so, at least a graduate majoring in communication? Most companies will take professional examinations when recruiting. Just like the school exam, I can cram for the exam temporarily, but I have a deep understanding of how good the effect is: I took the recruitment exam for the first time after graduation that year. What are these seven questions? It involves analog circuits, digital circuits, mobile communications, high-frequency electronic circuits and C language. The topic is very basic, but it covers a wide range, so you can't solve the problem before the exam. Even if you get away with it, because he may ask you carefully about your solution ideas in the next interview (later the supervisor told me that ideas are more important than answers).

More importantly, they won't give you the key points before the exam like your teacher. And as long as you show a little professional skills on the test paper, your application can be said to be over.

Key courses: circuit theory and application, computer technology, signal and system, electromagnetic field theory, digital system and logic design, digital signal processing, communication principle, etc. The specialized course of assembly and composition principle is still necessary and can be used in practical work. We can't be required to be proficient in every subject, but at least we can understand it all and master some? You can choose two or three courses that interest you.

About English. The relationship between communication engineering and English is not particularly close, but most of the well-paid communication companies are foreign companies. Even the recruitment of domestic enterprises like Huawei requires level 6? Faced with a particularly large choice, enterprises will naturally raise the entry threshold.

About creativity. The creativity here can actually be explained as novel ideas and design development consciousness. Therefore, compared with other activities organized by the school, it is a good exercise for us to participate in such activities as the electronic design competition. Remember, when writing a work or an award-winning design on your resume, you should carefully prepare the design ideas, including the problems in the design process and the solutions and principles. If you have a good understanding of single chip microcomputer and circuit, you can try to make a board yourself to prepare for the development of single chip microcomputer after graduation, and then accumulate experience in your work and learn the knowledge of embedded system. This technical route is more suitable.

Technology going to market (management) is the home of many R&D personnel. Because with the growth of age, the learning ability declines, coupled with the bottleneck of post design and strong technical foundation of R&D department, engineers are choosing to do technical support, customer service and management of technical department for a period of time (technical background has obvious advantages for this management: in such a high-tech department, who will serve a leader who can't even read the circuit diagram? )

Finally, on the eve of 3g, if you can master the basic knowledge of this technology, it should be of great benefit to employment. Here, recommend a certification? On the basis of communication technology training for more than 10 years, Motorola Institute of Engineering first launched a series of courses of wireless communication technology course system MCNE (Motorola Certified Network Engineer/Motorola Certified Wireless Network Engineer) for the society, as well as related wireless talent certification standards and certification examinations.

Sales staff of communication products

Career path: sales assistant? Sales engineer? Sales (marketing) manager

Talent market: the demand is large, and the requirements for professional skills are not particularly deep, which is suitable for ordinary undergraduates. The most important thing is to have enough room for career development. If it really doesn't work, you can switch to other industries and continue to do sales.

Analysis and suggestions: including the sales of various upstream equipment and communication equipment. For the sales of upstream equipment, enterprises attach great importance to professional background when recruiting, so they must have a comprehensive understanding of some basic professional courses of communication. I suggest those students who want to do sales practice before graduation try to go to the R&D department of the enterprise? It is unwise to compete with students majoring in marketing for sales expertise. We should strengthen the core advantages of professional background.

In addition, it is natural to cultivate communication ability, marketing ability and planning ability. There are many students in the university who disdain to work in the student union. Actually, I don't know if you can learn anything else there. It is a good way to cultivate your communication and organizational skills, especially when you have achieved a certain position through your own efforts. As for reading professional books on sales, I personally think it is better to read professional magazines and newspapers. The former is almost pure theory and blunt, while the latter is theory plus practice.

The preparation that can be made in school is to learn to make a marketing plan? You can download some excellent planning and planning projects from the internet, which is what you must use in your work, and some companies may also use these contents in the written test. Finally, regular planning can help you form a good habit: always organize your thoughts and analyze things in an orderly way.

The following is the announcement of a famous foreign communication equipment manufacturer recruiting sales engineers. You can refer to the conditions, compare with your own situation one by one, find out the gap, and then start to make a capacity building plan.

Recruitment position: senior sales engineer

Responsibilities: Responsible for the planning and implementation of sales activities in the sales area, and achieve sales targets; Maintain and develop customer relationships to effectively promote R&D; Radio monitoring products; As a technical consultant, show products to customers and provide complete solutions (through pre-job training).

Requirements: Bachelor degree or master degree, majoring in communication engineering; Familiar with wireless communication technology and its solutions; Excellent interpersonal communication and business negotiation skills; Like challenging work and have a strong desire for success; There are six levels of spoken and written English.

A person's career development can be divided into five stages. Only by grasping the possible problems in each stage and planning in advance can he take the initiative.

The first level: the "green and yellow" stage

Working 1-3 years is the most "green and yellow" stage in your career: you are not as "simple" as a graduate and as "independent" as four or five years of experience. You are in a state of "one bottle is dissatisfied and half bottle is swaying". At this time, if you jump ship to find a job, the difficulty can be imagined.

1, the main problems at this stage are:

"Who am I?" "What can I do?" The main reason for confusion is lack of self-confidence and social experience.

2. Suggestions and solutions of career management consultants.

It is best not to jump ship easily during this period. On the contrary, if you are quiet during this period, you can often accumulate valuable work skills and calm employment mentality in the first time of life "from study to work". Many people's "love job-hopping" often begins to develop from this stage.

The second level: the stage of "career shaping"

After reading "Five Stages of Career", the editor of this website also recommended more related articles for you: career planning column.

After working for 3-5 years, you will gradually enter the stage of "career shaping", get familiar with organizational culture, understand the inside story of the organization and establish a preliminary interpersonal network. After a period of time, your "occupational character characteristics" will be exposed: what are your strengths and weaknesses, so you begin to enter the stage of "career shaping" and make reasonable adjustments and corrections to your career direction.

1, the main problems at this stage are:

How to carry out "reasonable adjustment and correction"?

2. Suggestions and suggested solutions of career management consultants:

You might as well change the way you work in related fields, such as changing jobs in different departments within the same company, which will not only broaden your horizons and add freshness, but also test what kind of work you are most suitable for. If you find that your personality and specialty deviate too much from your current job, you must make a decisive decision and change careers immediately. At this time, don't covet the high salary and good environment of your current job.

The third level: the stage of "career lock-in"

After working for 5- 10 years, as you become more and more clear about your own advantages and disadvantages and personality characteristics, you gradually move from "career shaping stage" to "career locking stage" and begin to define "what kind of work do you do?" At this stage, some people have accumulated rich experience, assumed the responsibility of work, developed their own abilities, and laid the foundation for promotion or entering other professional fields.

1, the main problems at this stage are:

"Why have I accomplished nothing for so many years?" "Ideal and reality. Do I need to choose again? " The main reasons for confusion and personal development goals are inconsistent with the opportunities and career paths provided by the organization.

2. Suggestions and suggested solutions of career management consultants:

If you are still willing to try this job, you should first correct your attitude. Don't be cynical and complain about others all day. Instead, put yourself into the battle, hone yourself quickly in the battle, actively explore, and constantly revise the next work flow and development direction. Even if you temporarily "lock" your career, don't muddle along every day. On the contrary, we must constantly strive for self-breakthrough more diligently, and force ourselves to constantly cross new heights.

The fourth level: the stage of "career development"

After working for 10- 15, your career will become a lifelong career, which means that you will develop your career from the skills, experience and capital accumulation in the previous career stage. Maybe at this stage, you are still in the original "career" state, and you are still running for the "boss's career" every day, but your age and experience have pushed you to the starting line of career development. If you run, you must run. If you don't run, you have to run by yourself. Your family began to force you to think of them. Your dedication and sense of accomplishment determine that you should start thinking about yourself.

1. At this stage, the main problems you may encounter are:

"What shall we do in the next few years?"

2. Suggestions and suggested solutions of career management consultants:

When people reach middle age, many people dare not make hasty decisions in the face of opportunities, because they understand the limitations of life psychologically and begin to re-measure the value of their career and family life. Between the ages of 35 and 45, there will be a career crisis.

The fifth level: the stage of "career stability"

/kloc-after working for 0/5 years, you have entered the "year of no doubt", and the previous "career stage" and "career development stage" have left you a lot of accumulation. At this stage, what you need is how to keep your career rising in a steady process. During this period, you should constantly observe and understand the market, and you can't relax at all, so you may feel very tired and hard, but if you watch more, your stress resistance will increase a lot, and you will be comfortable.

All your brave words and vows have been realized at this stage, and you have been pushed to the peak of your career. However, the premise of all these happy results is that you should work hard and be careful in the previous stage. This is the truth that "there is justice in the world, and there will be rewards for giving".