Encyclopedia of bee breeding knowledge and technology

1, bee species knowledge: There are two kinds of bee species: Chinese bee and Italian bee. 2. Living habits: Bees are typical social insects, and the whole bee colony consists of a queen bee, a few drones and a large number of worker bees. 3. Beekeeping location: Be sure to choose a place with rich and relatively continuous honey sources. 4. Beekeeping tools: The function of beehives is to provide a place for bees to thrive. 5. Management technology: Large beekeeping farms will generally cultivate high-quality queen bees.

First of all, the knowledge of bee species

1, China bee

(1) The full name of Chinese bee is Chinese bee, which is an excellent bee species unique to China and the oldest bee species in China.

(2) The advantage is that it has strong adaptability to the natural environment in China, but the disadvantage is that the honey collection performance is not satisfactory, and it is easy to naturally separate bees, abandon their nests and move away.

2. Italian bees

(1) Italian bee, whose full name is Italian bee, is not only an ideal species for producing honey and bee pulp, but also an ideal bee species for producing pollen and bee pulp.

(2) The advantage is that the colony is strong, and the honey collecting performance is far better than that of Chinese bees, but the disadvantage is that the adaptability to the domestic natural environment is far less than that of Chinese bees.

Second, living habits.

1, social

(1) Bees are typical social insects. The whole bee colony consists of a queen bee, several drones and a large number of worker bees.

(2) The queen bee is mainly responsible for spawning and breeding new bees, the male bee is mainly responsible for mating with the new queen bee, and the worker bee is responsible for almost all the work of bee colony.

Step 2 nest

(1) Bees are typical nesting insects. Whether feeding larvae or storing food, bees are inseparable from beehives, which are built by worker bees with beeswax secreted by abdominal wax glands.

(2) The requirements of bees for nesting environment are almost harsh.

3. gregarious

(1) Bees are typical social insects, but there is no communication between bees except drones. The difference and similarity are distinguished by the unique smell inside bees.

(2) If the group smells the same, they can pass freely in the hive, but if the group smells different, they will fight.

4. storage; stock

(1) Bees are typical herbivorous insects. When the honey source is sufficient, worker bees will collect a lot of pollen and nectar and store them in the hive (honey is brewed by bees from nectar).

(2) If the external honey source is scarce or the weather is not suitable for worker bees to collect, bees live on the reserved food.

Third, the beekeeping farm.

1, rich in honey resources.

(1) The existence and reproduction of bees are inseparable from the support of honey sources. If the nearby honey source is insufficient, even one's own survival will become a problem, let alone expect to get honey and pollen through beekeeping.

(2) Beekeeping sites must choose places with rich and relatively continuous honey sources.

2. The climate is suitable

(1) Bees can adjust the climate to a certain extent, but keeping bees in a place with a suitable microclimate is more conducive to the development of bee colonies. For example, when the temperature is not suitable, bees will increase their burden in order to adjust the temperature.

(2) The beekeeping farm must choose a place with suitable microclimate.

3. The environment is quiet

(1) Only in a quiet environment can bees develop steadily. In noisy places, bees can't breed insects, and they can't quietly pick flowers to make honey. If bees are seriously disturbed, they may even abandon their nests and run away.

(2) Beekeeping sites must be remote and rarely disturbed by people and animals.

4. Reduce the damage of the enemy

(1) Bees have many natural enemies in nature, such as wasps, spiders and frogs. They kill bees, especially wasps, which pose the greatest threat to bees, especially in summer and autumn.

(2) Beekeeping sites must choose places where the enemy does less harm.

Fourth, beekeeping tools

1, Honeycomb

(1) The function of beehives is to provide a breeding place for bees, which can be divided into two categories: traditional beehives and live-framed beehives, among which traditional beehives include cylindrical beehives and lattice beehives.

(2) Live-frame beehives include ten-frame beehives, big-bear beehives and twelve-frame square beehives.

2. Nest base

(1) Nest foundation is a kind of artificial bee nest foundation, which mainly includes wax nest foundation and plastic nest foundation. At present, beekeepers mainly use wax nest foundation.

(2) The eye hole sizes of different hives are also different, so you must choose the nest foundation corresponding to the bee species when keeping bees.

3, bee hat

(1) Bee hat is a protective tool for beekeepers to manage their own bees, and its main function is to prevent beekeepers from being stung by bees.

(2) At present, the most widely used nylon yarn is white nylon yarn, and the front perspective part is nylon yarn with mesh, which is worn on the head like a hat when used.

4. Others

(1) The function of beekeeping tools is to improve the efficiency of beekeeping. For example, the honey shaker can quickly separate honey from the nest spleen, and the bee sweeper can clean the bees attached to the nest spleen.

(2) Beekeeping tools include feeders, scrapers, king plates, king cages, pest control needles, etc.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) management technology

1, feeding

Feeding (1) is a key technology that beekeepers must master, which can be divided into supplementary feeding and reward feeding.

(2) Among them, supplementary feeding is a necessary food for bees to survive, while reward feeding is used to stimulate queen bees to lay eggs and encourage worker bees to feed their larvae.

Step 2 divide bees

(1) Bee sorting is the main way to increase the number of bees, which can be divided into natural bee sorting and artificial bee sorting.

(2) Among them, natural bee sorting is to collect bees after grouping, and artificial bee sorting is to manually group bees before natural bee grouping.

3. Alliance

(1) Merging refers to merging two or more colonies into one colony. For example, if a colony is too weak to be of value as a separate colony, it can be merged into other colonies.

(2) Before the arrival of Honey, many vulnerable groups can also be merged into a production group with strong group potential.

Merging refers to merging two or more colonies into one colony. For example, when the group is too weak to have the value as a separate group, it can be merged into other groups. In addition, before the coming of the Sixth National Congress, several weak colonies can be merged into a production colony with strong colony potential. Merging refers to merging two or more colonies into one colony. For example, when the group is too weak to have the value as a separate group, it can be merged into other groups. In addition, before the arrival of honey, many weak groups can be merged into a production group with strong group potential.

Step 4 educate the king

(1) The queen bee is the core and indispensable member of the bee colony, and the development speed of the real bee colony largely depends on the quality of the queen bee.

(2) The purpose of breeding queen bees is to obtain a large number of high-quality queen bees, so large beekeeping farms generally cultivate high-quality queen bees directionally.

5. Wang Jie

(1) Introducing a queen bee means re-importing a new queen bee for the bee colony. For example, if the queen bee colony loses, it is necessary to intervene the new queen bee in time to continue the colony, otherwise the colony may gradually die out because there is no queen bee for a long time.

(2) When replacing the old, weak, sick and disabled queen bees, we should also use Wang Yin technology.

6. Disease prevention

Bee disease control has always been the most important part of bee breeding. Once the disease breaks out, the normal development of bees will be affected, and even a large number of bees will die. Therefore, beekeepers are required to understand the symptoms of common bee pests and diseases and master the prevention and control methods.