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Looking for the full text of theodore roosevelt's poem Men in the Arena
I. Childhood
1October 28th, theodore roosevelt was born in new york. He is the second child of theodore roosevelt Sr and Martha Brock, and has four brothers and sisters. Father is a banker. The Roosevelt family has lived here since the17th century, and entered the merchant class after the American Revolution. /kloc-in the 0/8th century, wealth was accumulated from import and export trade. Theodore roosevelt is young and sickly, suffering from asthma. Although weak, he likes outdoor activities and is particularly interested in zoology. In order not to be bullied by other children, his father forced him to do physical training and learn boxing.
Second, youth.
In learning, Roosevelt was good at history, biology, German and French, but poor at mathematics, Latin and Greek. 1876, Roosevelt entered Harvard university. 1878 my father died, and I worked hard in all aspects. Roosevelt was good at science, philosophy and rhetoric. He has a strong interest in biology and has made small achievements. Roosevelt developed many reading habits, had an amazing memory and was very talkative. At Harvard, he is a club activist and is keen on all kinds of sports activities. When he graduated, the physical examination doctor told him that he should find an office job because of heart problems. But he ignored the doctor's warning and still liked strenuous exercise. 1880, Roosevelt graduated from Harvard and entered Columbia University Law School. 188 1 year, he published his first official book, 18 12 years of naval warfare, which became a compulsory course for the United States naval academy. 188 1 year, he got the opportunity to enter the house of commons in new york, so he dropped out of law school and started his public career. In the House of Commons of New York State, Roosevelt was an active figure in the party. 1884, attended National Congress of the Communist Party of China. 1880, Roosevelt married Alice Hathaway lee, the daughter of a banker. Four years later, Alice gave birth to a baby girl, but unfortunately died two days after delivery; On the same day, Roosevelt's mother died. He never mentioned his first wife again. He entrusted his daughter to his sister and went to Dakota by himself. He lives a herding life. This experience cast a shadow over his father-daughter relationship. On the ranch in North Dakota, Roosevelt learned cowboy skills such as riding a horse. He takes part in boxing in his spare time. For a time, he served as an acting sheriff, chasing thieves. From 1886 to 1887, the animals in the pasture were destroyed in the cold winter and he was forced to return to the east. 1886, as a Republican candidate, Roosevelt ran for mayor of new york, ranking third in the number of votes, far less than his opponent. After the election, he went to London, married Edith Carroll, his childhood sweetheart, and had four sons and one daughter. During his honeymoon in Europe, Roosevelt climbed Mont Blanc, and the expedition he led was the third team to reach the summit in history, which made him a member of the Royal Society. From 65438 to 0880, Roosevelt made brilliant achievements as a historian. His book 18 12 Sea Battle in the War became a textbook for two generations. The four-volume masterpiece "The West Will Win" is also his masterpiece, which has an important influence on the history of historiography. He writes for mainstream magazines and earns a lot of money, which also makes him famous as an intellectual in China. Later, Roosevelt was elected president of the American Historical Society.
Third, official career.
During the 1888 presidential election, Roosevelt helped Benjamin Harrison in the Midwest. After Harrison was elected president, Roosevelt was appointed as an American civil servant. Harrison lost in the general election with 1892. Although Roosevelt was a supporter of the former president, President-elect Grover Cleveland still kept him. 1895, Roosevelt became the police chief of new york city. He served for two years and carried out drastic reforms in the operation of the police station. At that time, the police in new york were very corrupt, and Roosevelt took severe measures: regularly checking fire control facilities; Annual physical examination of police officers; Recruiting new police officers is strictly based on physical and intellectual criteria, not political connections; Recruiting ethnic minorities and female police officers; Closing commercial facilities managed by the police that lead to corruption; Install telephones in all branches and so on. Roosevelt was fascinated by the history of navy and naval warfare since he was a child. During the Civil War, both his uncles served in the Confederate Navy. Roosevelt met with US Navy Colonel Mahan at 1880. The influence of sea power on history 1660- 1783, which was published in 1890 to study the relationship between sea power and the rise and fall of great powers. The idea of the supremacy of sea power profoundly influenced the leaders of various countries at that time, and strengthened Roosevelt's belief that only by rapidly expanding the naval power could President william mckinley appoint him as the Deputy Minister of the Admiralty from 65438 to 0897. John long, the secretary of the navy, was ill for a long time and was indifferent to politics, while McGinley was not interested in the navy, so Roosevelt monopolized the power. He devoted himself to the modernization of the navy and greatly improved the shipbuilding capacity of the United States. His work made excellent strategic preparations for the future Spanish-American War. On February 1898 and 15, the American aircraft carrier Maine was sunk in Havana harbor. Roosevelt thought it was a godsend opportunity to expel Spanish troops from Cuba and the Philippines, although McGinley had no such ambition. The tenth day after the incident was Friday afternoon. John long was temporarily out of the office for some reason, so Roosevelt came forward and issued a combat readiness order to the commander of the naval Caribbean fleet and the fleet moored in Hong Kong. Minister Long has no intention to investigate this ultra vires behavior afterwards. On April 25th, the American Congress declared war on Spain, and the Spanish-American War broke out. The two main fleets of the US Navy are already ready to go, and it is time for Roosevelt to show his talents. The US Navy won decisive victories in Manila Bay and Santiago, Cuba, and completely destroyed the Spanish ocean fleet. Since then, Spain has become a small role among the great powers. Roosevelt was not content to watch the war from the rear. He quit his civilian job in the Admiralty and formed a legion, including old cowboys in the west and old Ivy League alumni in the east. He was called the first American Volunteer Cavalry Brigade, with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel Pei and was promoted to Colonel. Although he claimed to be a cavalry, Roosevelt was the only one in the army who let Kyle ride a horse. In the two battles in Cuba from 65438 to 0897, the brigade made outstanding achievements. In 200 1 year, Congress posthumously awarded him the Medal of Honor. After Roosevelt returned from Cuba, he re-entered new york's political arena and was elected governor in 1898. In the general election of 1900, the Republican Party elected him as the vice presidential candidate of McGinley. McGinley won the election and Roosevelt followed him into the White House. However, the idle work of the vice president is obviously boring for people like Roosevelt. During this period, one of his impressive actions was to say a famous saying in a speech that can well reflect his work style: "Warm words are in your mouth, but a big stick is in your hand."
4. During the presidency
On September 6th, President McGinley was assassinated by anarchists, and he died on September 4th. Roosevelt ascended the throne and became the youngest president in American history. During his first term, he retained the cabinet and basic policies of the former president. After 1904 was re-elected, the political tendency began to lean to the left. 1, mediating coal mine strike 1902, the American miners' union launched a general strike of coal miners, threatening the supply of heating fuel in cities and triggering a national crisis. Roosevelt called a meeting of mine owners and labor leaders at the White House, reached a compromise, shortened working hours from 10 hours to 9 hours a day, and gave workers a salary increase of 10%, ending the 163-day strike. 2. Fair trade 190 1, in Roosevelt's first speech to Congress, he asked Congress to legislate to impose reasonable restrictions on the business activities of trust companies. Congress did not take action, but Roosevelt initiated 44 legal proceedings against large enterprises, so people nicknamed him "trusting the animal trainer." In the presidential election of 1904, Roosevelt died of illness in * * * and his main opponent in the party, which made him easily nominated by the party and won the election. 3. Industrial Standardization At the beginning of the 20th century, railways were regarded as a powerful force. Roosevelt believed that the government should strengthen the supervision of railway transportation and collapsed interstate trade, so that Congress passed the Hepburn Act in 1906, which authorized the Interstate Trade Commission to set the upper limit of railway freight, and also prohibited railway companies from transporting goods for their subsidiaries free of charge. At that time, no one expected the challenge of the booming automobile transportation industry to the railway in the future. The bill provided a certain degree of protection for consumers and commercial enterprises. In the same year, he also urged Congress to pass the Food and Drug Purity Act and the Meat Products Supervision Act, inspect livestock and meat processing enterprises and implement mandatory hygiene standards. Congress amended the bill to prevent substandard products from small slaughterhouses from harming the export and domestic markets. 4. environmental protection Roosevelt was the first president who had a long-term consideration of environmental protection and won wide support among hunters and fishermen. 1904 On March 14, he established the first national bird sanctuary in Florida, which is also the embryonic form of the wildlife sanctuary system. 1905, he urged congress to establish the us forest service to manage state-owned forests and land. Roosevelt built more national parks and nature reserves than all his predecessors combined, with * * *1940,000 acres, and the world-famous Grand Canyon National Park is one of them. He often writes for Outdoor Life magazine, showing the concept of nature conservation and reporting the progress of national parks. He wrote in an article: "Our development is closely related to the resource protection of permanent wealth." He is not an extreme environmentalist and thinks that natural resources should be used effectively and waste should be avoided. 1906, Roosevelt convened a meeting of national governors at the White House to discuss the effective planning, analysis and utilization of water, forests and other natural resources. 5. Foreign Policy The diplomacy of the Roosevelt administration was very active. In Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Panama Canal Zone, he used military medical departments to establish public health systems. He built local infrastructure through the army. Roosevelt dramatically expanded the size of the American navy. 1902, the Venezuelan government had financial problems and refused to pay its foreign debt. The Venezuelan crisis broke out when European countries dispatched navies to block their seaports. The American government pursues the Monroe Doctrine and warns European countries not to interfere in Western Hemisphere affairs. Roosevelt ordered the US Navy to patrol Venezuelan waters. Roosevelt introduced a more aggressive "Roosevelt policy" in 1904: in order to prevent third parties from taking action in Latin America, the United States must maintain order in the western hemisphere by itself, and if any country misbehaves, the United States has the right to intervene militarily. From 65438 to 0905, when the Russo-Japanese War began, Lu Haijun defeated the strong with the weak. Although Roosevelt was uneasy about Russia's ambition in the Far East and greatly appreciated the fighting capacity of the Japanese army, he did not want Japan to dominate the Far East. Roosevelt convened representatives of the two countries to hold peace talks in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He was fascinated by the role of mediator, coaxed and frightened, and finally made the two countries sign the Portsmouth Treaty. Roosevelt won a great international reputation and won the Nobel Peace Prize of 1906. Later, he arbitrated the distribution of power between Germany and France in Morocco. Some historians believe that these two actions of Roosevelt avoided the world war to some extent. (1) The Panama Canal was the most outstanding diplomatic achievement of Roosevelt, which shortened the waterway voyage between new york and San Francisco by 8,000 miles (about14,000 kilometers). At that time, Panama was a province of Colombia. Colombia and Nicaragua compete for the location of the canal. 1902, Colombia negotiated a treaty with the American government, and the United States paid for the Panama Canal project from France. 188 1 year, France made a failed attempt in Panama. After the signing of the treaty, the procedure for approval by the Colombian Senate was in trouble. Colombian Senate demands10 million dollars more than the treaty. The American government refused to renegotiate the price, so Colombian politicians put forward a new proposal, kicking out the French company of the third party in the treaty and giving the rest to Colombia. The Colombian Senate deliberately cheated in the negotiations, and Roosevelt was disgusted with cheating French companies. 1903, Roosevelt finally decided to support Panama's independence out of consideration for the interests of the Panama Canal. The war of independence lasted only a few hours, and Colombian soldiers accepted a bribe of $50 each and laid down their weapons. 1903165438+1October 3, the Republic of Panama was born, and the constitution drafted in advance by the United States was adopted. Soon, the United States signed a contract with Panama to own the development and use right of Panama Canal at the price of10 million dollars. The canal project started on 1904 and was completed on 19 14. (2) Ocean Fleet and Far East Policy At the end of Roosevelt's second term, he sent a fleet of 16 state-of-the-art warships around the earth. The voyage starts from 1907 12 16 and ends on February 22nd 1909. Roosevelt showed the world that the US Navy was capable of stepping onto the world stage. This voyage has exerted a subtle influence on the increasingly tense Japan-US relations. After imperial japanese navy defeated the Tsar's fleet in the Russo-Japanese War, the US Navy was weak in the Pacific Ocean. Roosevelt cleverly announced the control of the US Navy in this area. Roosevelt's naval strategy won the respect of the United States in front of the great powers. 1907 12.3 in his annual consultation, Roosevelt asked congress to authorize the reduction or cancellation of the part of boxer indemnity that exceeded the actual loss, and used the surplus part to finance education and students' study expenses in China. 1908, the United States returned half of boxer indemnity to China. Part of it was used to establish Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States, the predecessor of Tsinghua University. After Tsinghua University founded the school, he named a gymnasium the Roosevelt Memorial Gymnasium. 6. After Roosevelt entered the White House, the years in the White House remained the same. He likes hiking with friends and even cabinet officials, boxing in the White House, playing with children, reading aloud and so on. 1908' s boxing practice made his left eye permanently blind. He was so energetic and interested in many things that an ambassador said helplessly, "Remember, the president is like a six-year-old child." Roosevelt tried to promote the English spelling reform plan, forced the implementation of new pinyin in government documents, and ordered the government printing bureau to adopt new characters. Even the president's official documents on Panama Canal affairs are all in new pinyin. Grateful notice written in new pinyin in the new york world: Three hundred years ago, when the first immigrants came to this great Republic, they believed not only hardship and privacy, but also terrible danger to their lives ... kusum is now kum Nash Nul, and ended by the unchanging Usaj. This reform brought great trouble to the public, and finally he was forced to take back his life. This move has provided many humorous topics for the public. Alice Longworth, the daughter of Alice Roosevelt, is a person with distinctive personality and is widely criticized. Friends sometimes advise him to take care of his daughter, but he says, "I can be the president of the United States and I can take care of Alice, but I really can't do two things at once." Like father, like daughter, Alice bitterly described her father as pushy. "I can't wait to be a bride at every wedding and a corpse at every funeral." 7. Roosevelt set many precedents during his presidency. 190 1 year, a black man (booker T Washington) was invited to the White House for dinner for the first time; Oscar Strauss became the first Jew to be appointed as cabinet minister; After McGinley's assassination, Roosevelt became the first president to receive all-weather protection from the Secret Service. He was the first person to wear a tie on the official portrait of the president, and since then, it has become a dress convention for portraits of American presidents; He is the first person to succeed the president from the vice president and win re-election in the next general election. 1906, Roosevelt became the first American to win the Nobel Peace Prize. In the same year, he visited the Panama Canal Zone, setting a precedent for the current president to visit abroad. During Roosevelt's term, Oklahoma joined the Union. The Indian reservation in Oklahoma tried to join separately in the name of Sekuanya. 1906 A bill passed by Congress ruled that Oklahoma and Indian territories should join the Union as a state. At the same time, Arizona and New Mexico were ruled to merge into one state. But this part of the bill was rejected by the people of these two States.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) after leaving office
1. Roosevelt explored Africa in March 1909, shortly after completing his second presidential term. Sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and the National Geographic Society, this trip attracted the attention of the world media. There are many Smithsonian scientists in the accompanying team. They captured 1 1397 kinds of animals, from insects to hippos and elephants. Among them, there were 5 12 hunts and 262 species of food animals. They even caught the precious white rhinoceros. A large number of animals were made into specimens and transported to Washington. The number of specimens is huge, and it took a year just to install them. Roosevelt laughed at himself: "If the existence of the National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History and similar animal research institutions can be condemned, I can only be condemned." He was very excited about this scientific investigation and wrote a detailed diary. 2. 1908 and * * * and the party struggle, Roosevelt thought that Secretary of Defense william taft was the successor of his progressive thought and strongly recommended Taft as the presidential candidate. However, Taft has his own progressivism that judges should judge justice instead of administrative officials or politicians, in other words, focus on the rule of law. Taft is not a smart and flexible politician, nor is he as energetic and cheerful as Roosevelt, nor is he as popular support and intimate friend as Roosevelt. Roosevelt remained silent on this topic when he realized that lowering import tariffs might cause tension in the interests of the party and manufacturing industry, as well as retailers and consumers. Taft ignored the risk of tariff reform. On the one hand, he encouraged reformers to cut taxes, on the other hand, he traded with conservative leaders, which kept the overall tariff level high. In short, there is chaos between the two parties. During the * * and inner-party crises, Roosevelt went to Africa and Europe, leaving Taft to make up his own mind. Taft and Roosevelt have different styles, and they have never verbally offended big businessmen. However, he advocated solving the problem within the legal system, so he initiated 90 antitrust lawsuits against large enterprises. At that time, the largest enterprise, American Steel Company, was also among the defendants, and the merger of the company was approved by Roosevelt. As a result, Taft offended everyone: antitrust reformers didn't like his conservative remarks; The big entrepreneur hates his legal action; Roosevelt was angry with him and humiliated himself. After Roosevelt came back from Europe, he unexpectedly attacked the federal court, which made Taft very angry. Roosevelt not only condemned large enterprises, but also pardoned federal judges, most of whom were appointed by McGinley, Roosevelt and Taft. 19 10 After the mid-term parliamentary election, the Democratic Party took control of the parliament, which put Taft's re-election in 19 12 in jeopardy. 3. Start a new stove. After the 200219191general election, Roosevelt finally broke with Taft and announced that he was running for the party's presidential candidate. But he started a little late, and Taft has won the support of the party bosses. However, in the party primaries in 12 states, Roosevelt won 9, indicating that he was still popular among ordinary voters. However, the primary election is not as important as it is now. * * * and the party's national congress was held in Chicago, Roosevelt found that he could not directly obtain the presidential candidate qualification, so he called on his supporters to leave the venue, start a new stove, set up a progressive party, and establish a permanent organizational structure according to the needs of presidential and state-level elections. The party was nicknamed "Buck Party" because Roosevelt claimed that he was "as tenacious as a buck". He shouted at the Congress: "This is Armageddon, we are fighting for the Lord!" " His reform speech greatly encouraged the delegates. The party's campaign platform is to strengthen government intervention and protect people from oppression by interest groups. 19121kloc-0/On October 24th, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the barber shop owner John Schlank assassinated Roosevelt. The bullet hit the speech and glasses frame and entered his chest. Roosevelt refused to be hospitalized and insisted on completing a 90-minute powerful speech. He said to the audience, "I don't know if you have heard, but I have just been hit, but it is not enough to kill a stag." The result of the doctor's diagnosis and treatment is that the gunshot wound is serious, but taking out the bullet will lead to greater danger. Roosevelt carried this warhead all his life. In that year's presidential election, Roosevelt won 27% of the ordinary votes, Taft 23%, and Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected with 42% of the votes. He led a large number of progressives to break away from * * * and the Party, which greatly weakened them and took a generation of talents to gradually recover. 4. South American Expedition 19 13 Roosevelt explored the Amazon rainforest and wrote a best-selling book, Crossing the Brazilian Wilderness. The expedition was funded by the American Museum of Natural History, and Roosevelt promised to provide specimens of newly discovered animals. After arriving in South America, the expedition added a more enterprising goal: to explore the source of the Rio da Duvida River. This river was later named Roosevelt River to commemorate his feat. The expedition * * * has 16 members, including a son of Roosevelt, personnel sent by the American Museum of Natural History, a lieutenant of the Brazilian Army, doctors, etc. On the way to explore along the river, Roosevelt was slightly injured in the leg, so he contracted malaria and continued to have a fever. The ration is limited, and he is worried that it will drag down the whole expedition and ask for a person to stay. But his son insisted on taking him forward, and the team doctor took good care of him and finally saved him from the brink of death. Illness reduced his weight by about 20 kilograms. After returning to new york, Roosevelt wrote in a letter to a friend: This serious illness at least shortened his 10 year life. For the rest of his life, he was often hospitalized for malaria and leg injuries. After his basic recovery, Roosevelt went to Washington to defend the Heyuan exploration, because some professionals expressed doubts about the investigation results. His academic report settled the dispute, and after the naming of the Roosevelt River gained international recognition, he successfully returned to China.
The intransitive verb World War I
Roosevelt strongly criticized Wilson's foreign policy and thought that the American government was too weak. 19 14 After the outbreak of World War I, Roosevelt strongly supported the Anglo-French alliance, believing that they were defending human civilization. He advocated taking severe measures against Germany in retaliation for its submarine attack. At that time, German-Americans and Irish-Americans advocated neutrality. Roosevelt strongly condemned this, accusing these people of being unpatriotic and putting the interests of Germany and Ireland above those of the United States. 19 17 After the United States entered the war, Roosevelt offered to organize a volunteer infantry battalion, but Wilson refused. Roosevelt's criticism of Wilson made * * * and the Party regain control of Congress in 19 18. Roosevelt still has a high appeal among voters, which reminds him of the presidential election of 1920. However, since 19 18, malaria has made his health worse and worse. In the same year, his youngest son, Quantum, joined the Air Force to fight in France, and the fighter plane was shot down and killed. Quentin, the youngest son of Roosevelt, is the most like his father in spirit and temperament. The loss of his son never fully recovered Roosevelt's health.
Seven, old age
Despite his illness in his later years, Roosevelt maintained an optimistic lifestyle. He is an active promoter of boy scout activities. Boy scouts of america always awarded him the title of "Chief Scout Citizen", and he was the only one who won this title. 1919 65438+1October 6, Roosevelt died peacefully in his residence at the age of 60. After getting the news of his death, his son Aceh sent a telegram to his relatives and friends, saying, "The old lion is dead."
Eight. heritage
In the Spanish-American War, because Roosevelt was brave in the battle of San Juan Mountain in Cuba, his superior commander suggested that he be awarded the Medal of Honor, but the commander later sent a telegram to the War Department complaining that Roosevelt was slow to withdraw his troops from Cuba, which made this medal go up in smoke. In the11990s, Roosevelt's supporters reconsidered the relevant records of the National Archives and the US military. President Clinton posthumously awarded Roosevelt the Medal of Honor. Roosevelt's youngest son, Lieutenant General theodore roosevelt, also won the Medal of Honor for his heroic performance in the Normandy landing campaign 1944. Both Roosevelt and his son won this honor, and there are only two such families in American history. 1927, Roosevelt, together with George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and abraham lincoln, was carved in the American Presidential Memorial Park on Mount Rushmore. The US Navy named two ships after Roosevelt: the submarine Roosevelt was commissioned from 196 1 to1982; The aircraft carrier Roosevelt has been in service with the Atlantic Fleet since 1986.
Nine, folk pop culture
1902, in Mississippi, theodore roosevelt refused to kill a little black bear, which was well received. Toy manufacturers took this opportunity to launch the plush doll "Teddy Roosevelt" with the same name as theodore roosevelt. Since then, "Teddy Bear" has become famous. Theodore roosevelt's nickname as a child was "Titi" (not "Ted Dee"); And his nickname as an adult is "Teddy" (theodore roosevelt doesn't like "Teddy", he prefers "T.R."). From then on, in political cartoons, he often referred to theodore roosevelt as a bear.
Theodore roosevelt's children
Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth Jr. theodore roosevelt Cmit Roosevelt Ethel Carol Roosevelt Derby archibald Brock Roosevelt quentin Roosevelt
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