1 Marie Curie story

Marie was born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867. Due to the invasion of Tsarist Russia, Curie had always been tired of the oppressive education. After graduating from high school, he suffered from mental illness for a year. Because she was a woman, she could not continue her studies at any Russian or Polish university, so she worked as a governess for several years. Mary and her sister both have the dream to study in France. My sister has saved some money to study abroad, but the money is only enough to study in France for one year. In order to fulfill her and her sister's dreams, Mary proposed to her sister. He first worked as a tutor to provide funds for her to go to school, and after her sister graduated and found a job, she prepared funds for her to study abroad. In pursuit of her dream of studying abroad, Mary worked as a tutor for eight years. The dream that had persisted for 8 years finally came true. With the financial support of her sister, she came to Paris and studied mathematics and physics at the Sorbonne (Sor-bonne, the old name of the University of Paris). After four years of hard work, Marie obtained two master's degrees in physics and mathematics from the Sorbonne University. There she became the school's first female lecturer. First Love At this time, Mary's parting mood may also contain the hidden pain of first love. She once fell in love with Kazimierz ?orawski, the young master of her tutoring family. This handsome and intelligent Xiaokai, who would later become a famous mathematician, was related to Mary's family. But Zolowski's family did not look down on Mary, a poor relative, and strongly opposed this relationship. Mary lost a lot because of this. It wasn't until she finally received Zolasky's breakup letter that Mary packed up her broken heart and left the motherland. "Those days were very difficult. It was the saddest moment in my life. The only thing that makes me feel comforted when I recall it is that I still held my head high and quit with honor." Now we should be grateful for this unsuccessful relationship. What? If Marie had never left Poland and never met her later soulmate, Pierre Curie, our understanding of science might not be what it is now.

Teachers are also lovers

Maria met another lecturer at the Sorbonne University, Pierre Curie, who was her later husband. In 1895, she married Pierre Curie, who taught at the School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry in Paris. In the autumn of 1897, her eldest daughter, Irène, was born. The two of them often conduct research on radioactive materials together, mainly pitchblende ore, because the total radioactivity of this ore is stronger than the radioactivity of the uranium it contains. In 1898, the Curies proposed a logical inference about this phenomenon: pitchblende ore must contain some unknown radioactive component, and its radioactivity is much greater than that of uranium. On December 26, Marie Curie announced the idea of ??the existence of this new substance. In 1898, French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium-containing minerals can emit a mysterious ray, but he failed to reveal the mystery of this ray. Marie and her husband Pierre Curie jointly undertook the study of this ray. They separated and analyzed pitchblende under extremely difficult conditions, and finally discovered two new elements in July and December 1898. In honor of her native Poland, she named one element polonium and another radium, meaning "the substance that confers radioactivity." In order to obtain pure radium compounds, Marie Curie spent four years refining 100 mg of radium chloride from tons of pitchblende slag, and initially measured the relative atomic mass of radium to be 225. This simple number embodies the hard work and sweat of the Curies. Sadly, Pierre Curie died young!

Ph.D.

Marie Curie

In June 1903, Marie Curie obtained the Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Paris with "Research on Radioactive Substances" as her doctoral thesis. Ph.D. In November of the same year, the Curies were awarded the David Gold Medal by the Royal Society. In December, they and Becquerel won the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

In the following years, the Curies continued to refine the radioactive components in pitchblende ore. After unremitting efforts, they finally succeeded in separating radium chloride and discovered two new chemical elements: polonium (pō) and radium (léi). Because of their discoveries and research on radioactivity, the Curies and Henri Becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, making Marie Curie the first person in history to win the Nobel Prize. of women. Eight years later, in 1911, Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her successful isolation of the element radium. Surprisingly, after Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize, she did not apply for a patent for the method of refining pure radium, but made it public. This approach effectively promoted the development of radiology. In her later years, Marie Curie had an affair with Paul Langevin, her husband's former student. This incident caused uproar in France. The title of Paris News on November 4, 1911 was "Love Story: Madame Curie and Professor Langevin". It was rumored that Langevin and Madame Curie had close contacts while Pierre was still alive. Einstein's view on this matter was: "If they love each other, no one can care about it." He wrote a letter to Marie Curie on November 23, 1911, to express his comfort.

The first person to win the Nobel Prize twice

Marie Curie

The first person in history to win two Nobel Prizes He is one of only two people to win the Nobel Prize in different fields. During World War I, Marie Curie advocated the use of radiology to rescue the wounded and promoted the use of radiology in the medical field. Later, she traveled to the United States in 1921 to raise funds for radiology research. Marie Curie died in Haute-Savoie, France on July 4, 1934 due to excessive exposure to radioactive materials. After this, her eldest daughter Irène Joliot-Curie won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her youngest daughter Eve Curie wrote "The Biography of Madame Curie" after her mother's death. During the inflation of the 1990s, Marie Curie's face appeared on Polish and French currency and stamps. The chemical element curium (Cm, 96, jǖ/jǘ) was named in memory of the Curies. Marie Curie authored "My Faith".

The Curies received a Nobel Prize of 70,000 francs, and Mrs. Curie also received a 50,000 franc Osili Prize. She deposited part of the bonus in the bank to subsidize her family and recruit a laboratory assistant at her own expense. She donated some of the remaining bonus to some academic groups, and remitted a travel fee to a poor French teacher who taught her so that the teacher could Revisit my hometown. After pressing the button, she spent half of the remaining money on French government bonds and half on Warsaw bonds. Marie Curie donated the radium (worth more than 1 million francs) she had worked so hard to extract to laboratories researching and treating cancer. Someone advised her to leave these properties to her two daughters. Madame Curie said: "I hope that my daughters will grow up to make a living on their own. I will only leave them spiritual wealth and guide them to the right path of life, but never leave them money." . ”

Teach your daughter well

Mrs. Curie had two daughters. "Seizing the age advantage of intellectual development" is Marie Curie's important "know-how" for developing children's intelligence. As early as when her daughter was less than one year old, Madame Curie guided her children to engage in intellectual gymnastics training for young children, guide them to have extensive contact with strangers, go to the zoo to watch animals, let them learn to swim, and appreciate the beauty of nature. When the children are a little older, she teaches them a kind of artistic intellectual gymnastics, sings children's songs, and tells them fairy tales. When they get older, let the children undergo intellectual training, teach them to read, play the piano, do handicrafts, etc., and also teach them to drive and ride horses.

The 24-year-old Manya (later Marie Curie) came to the Faculty of Science of the University of Paris and began the university life she had longed for. Although living in her sister's home was comfortable, many patients and guests at her sister's house affected her study. Manya convinced her sister to rent a house near the school and live there. To be precise, it was just an attic, with no heat, no gas, no water, and no lights.

In her life, there is no entertainment time or chatting time, as Manyia said in her letter to her father: "Reading, reading! This is all my current life."

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She studied so hard that she even forgot to take care of her body. One day, she fainted. Her brother-in-law came over and examined her body carefully, and asked her what she had eaten. She only ate a handful of radishes and half a pound of cherries for dinner the first day and studied until 3 a.m. Her brother-in-law took her home, and under the careful care of her sister's family, she recovered.

Maniya studied hard for two years and obtained a bachelor's degree in physics with first place; the next year, she obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics with second place.

Simple life

When Madame Curie and Pierre Curie got married in 1895, there were only two chairs in the new house, one for each of them. Pierre Curie felt that there were too few chairs and suggested adding a few more to avoid having no place to sit when guests came. However, Madame Curie said: "It is good to have chairs, but the guests will not leave after they sit down. In order to have more If you have time to do research, forget it!”

Mrs. Curie’s annual salary has increased to 40,000 francs, but she is still “generous”. Every time she comes back from abroad, she always brings back some menus from the banquet, because these menus are made of very thick and fine paper, and it is very convenient to write on the back. No wonder some people said that Madame Curie was "like a poor woman in a hurry" until her death.

Once, an American reporter was looking for Madame Curie. He walked to the door of a fisherman's house in the village and asked a woman sitting barefoot on the stone slab at the door where Madame Curie lived. When the woman raised her head, the reporter was shocked: it turned out to be Marie Curie.