Jiujiu Youzhaopin

The epitaph of Shangguan Waner will be exhibited for the first time, which is suspected to be "officially destroyed"

The epitaph of Shangguan Waner will be exhibited for the first time and is suspected to have been "officially destroyed". Archaeological findings show that the tomb of Shangguan Waner was seriously damaged, which may be because Tang Xuanzong identified her as the party of Princess Taiping and carried out "official destruction". The epitaph of Shangguan Waner will be exhibited for the first time and is suspected to have been "officially destroyed".

Shangguan Waner's epitaph will be exhibited for the first time, which is suspected to have been "officially destroyed" 1 Recently, Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, the first archaeological museum in China, was built and will be put into trial operation for the society on April 28th, and Shangguan Waner's epitaph will be exhibited for the first time in the museum.

Shangguan Waner was a woman known as the "female prime minister" in the period of Wu Zetian. Her epitaph supplemented the information that she was buried by Princess Taiping after being killed in Tang Long's political revolution.

In August, 20 13, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology excavated a large ancient tomb with a five-story patio in the north of Dengcun Village, Beidu Town, Weicheng District, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. The unearthed epitaph confirmed that the tomb belonged to a famous poetess and politician in Tang Dynasty, such as Shangguan Shi and others.

There is an epitaph in the pyramid-shaped mound with the title "Inscription on Shangguan Shi in Zhao Rong in Tang Dynasty". It is bluestone, square, 74 cm high and 15.5 cm thick. Draw a thin chessboard and carve 32 lines and 33 words, a total of 982 words. The epitaph is surrounded by twelve Chinese zodiac animals carved in a pearl frame lined with honeysuckle.

After the excavation of the epitaph of the "Title Queen" in Tang Dynasty, many historical mysteries have clues to follow. ...

Outstanding literary talent, but suspected because of his life experience; In order to cover up the punishment, "red plum makeup" was invented.

When Shangguan Waner was born, a great event happened in Shangguan's family.

That year was the first year of Linde (AD 664). Shangguan Yi was killed by Wu Zetian together with his father Shangguan Tingzhi for drafting the imperial edict to abolish Wu Zetian. The newly born Shangguan Waner changed from the daughter of the prime minister to the maid of the court overnight.

Ten years later, Wu Zetian was promoted to "Tianhou", but this was not her ultimate goal. She urgently needed teammates to help her team up and upgrade, so she set up two teams for men and women in the palace: the men's team named "North Gate Bachelor" was responsible for making suggestions; The women's group is responsible for daily administration.

However, the women's team was understaffed, so Wu Zetian issued a recruitment notice: the talents we need are good-looking, literary, thoughtful and quick-thinking. I hope you can send us your resume and become a member of our female secretary group!

When Shangguan Waner, who was only thirteen years old, heard about it, she immediately applied for the job. Wu Zetian chose a one-on-one interview and made a test on the spot. She thought she could shock the girl in front of her eyes, but she never thought that she was plain, beautiful in language, flowery in rhetoric and fluent in meaning.

In Shangguan Zhao Rong's epitaph, there is also the praise that "calligraphy is a machine and organized into its glory".

This has finally recruited the talents I want!

Wu Zetian immediately ordered her to be in charge of the imperial edict in the palace. The unearthed epitaph records that Shangguan Waner was a gifted scholar at the age of thirteen.

Appreciation belongs to appreciation. The birth of Shangguan Waner has always been a taboo in Wu Zetian's heart. I have never really trusted her, even a little harsh.

In the harem, Shangguan Waner had a hard time.

In Duan's Youyang Miscellanies, there is such a record: "The flower of women's face decoration today originated in Shangguan and was made to cover the marks." Nowadays, women like to put a plum blossom on their forehead when they make up. Cosmetic surgery invented by Shangguan Zhao Rong is used to cover the scars left by torture (invented by Princess Shouyang in Southern Dynasties).

Why was Shangguan Waner hanged?

Duan's son, Duan Highway, is described in detail in "The Story of the North Households": "In the day after tomorrow, every pair of butchers let them lie under the chopping board and write down what he said. One day, when the Prime Minister was talking about something, Zhao Rong stole a look and fell asleep. When he retired from North Korea, he was very angry. He took an armor knife and stuck it in his face. He is not allowed to pull it out. Zhao Rong's poem "Draw a Sword and Beg". After that, it was Hanako who covered up the traces. "

Every time Wu Zetian discussed state affairs with the prime minister's courtiers, she let Shangguan Waner lie under the table and record the political affairs mentioned by the courtiers. One day, Wu Zetian was talking to the Prime Minister, and Shangguan Waner stole a look and was discovered. After leaving the DPRK, Wu Zetian inserted a nail knife into Shangguan Waner's forehead, but she was not allowed to pull it out! In order to draw a sword, Shangguan Waner had to write poems for mercy.

Afterwards, Shangguan Waner had to draw a red plum blossom to cover the scar caused by this knife. This humiliating makeup was called "red plum makeup" by people at that time. Women in the court thought it was beautiful, so they followed suit. This kind of makeup has been very popular in later dynasties. Now the pattern on the forehead of Japanese geisha is also influenced by this kind of "red plum makeup".

Since then, Shangguan Waner has been more cautious.

This boil is thirty years.

At this time, Shangguan Waner has already entered middle age from girlhood. Although she has not been reused in the harem for many years, she has seen too many people and things and her thoughts are becoming more and more mature. She carefully hides her sharpness.

By the end of the martial arts, Wu Zetian's control gradually declined, and Shangguan Waner gradually rose. One is to cooperate with the old minister Di to annihilate Wu Zetian's regiment in one fell swoop. Then, he forced Wu Zetian to abdicate and let Jiangshan return to the imperial clan in Li Tang.

I think Shangguan Waner at that moment must be very complicated emotionally. Wu Zetian has a blood feud with her, but she is also a bole in her life and the person who has the greatest influence on her.

The highlight moment in life: reforming the library, opposing "official style" and advocating new poetic style.

In Shangguan Zhao Rong's epitaph, Shangguan Waner is called "Zhao Rong", ranking second.

She became the owner of Xiuwen Pavilion. What does this Xiuwen Pavilion do?

In the Tang Dynasty, Xiuwenge was mainly responsible for correcting books, teaching students and apprentices, and participating in imperial system and etiquette. But the power is not high and the salary is low. Basically no one wants to stay in this position, so Shangguan Waner decided to take sides.

First, she introduced a "national treasure figure" into the museum, added a college student, and invited a court official with three or more items to hold an official position to improve the administrative level of the Xiuwen Museum; Then, the establishment of bachelor's degree and direct bachelor's degree, salary increase and subsidies; Finally, completely subvert the recruitment requirements of Xiuwenguan.

Before the reform, the requirement of Xiuwen Museum was that "all students should be kind, simple and virtuous, and be single". All-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor is required, and the household registration should be checked before employment.

Shangguan Waner thought: Is this necessary? Can't you take some courses?

She put forward the idea of "recruiting talents". As long as you are outstanding in literary talent, even if you do something great, it has nothing to do with our literary building, so controversial talents such as Song and Shen Quanqi have also been hired. Their lives have already passed through remote areas that have been spurned and relegated by the world. They no longer flatter, but reopen their poetic life with a new poetic style.

Shangguan Waner's proposal was quickly found, and the whole people set off a reading tide. Young artists proudly punch in at Xiuwentang. Not counting this, Shangguan Waner criticized her grandfather Shangguan Yi's "Shangguan style" and thought that this kind of poem was exquisite, delicate and lacking in meteorology. She advocated the reform of poetic style and became the symbol and leader of Zhongzong literary world.

In Shangguan Waner's view, the basic requirement of a good poem is to be "vigorous", to have boldness of vision and meteorology, and not to be feminine, so her own poems set a good example.

For example, the color book complaint written by Shangguan Waner mainly describes the feelings of Nvqiu's yearning for the monarch, which seems to be lingering reverie, but when it comes to Shangguan Waner's pen, it becomes "the road is cold and the moon sets on the screen", with fresh style and high artistic conception.

Shangguan Waner's poems are not only meteorological, but also rich in content. They described the culture of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty from many angles: there are "green curtain pearls open the moon camp, happy ever after orchids" and "grow old and happy every year"; There is a description of the royal architecture, "Qinshui pastoral comes first, and the view of the building is even worse"; There is a description of the population of Chang' an, that is, "get married all over the street and live in the city"; Others describe religious beliefs, landscapes and court etiquette.

Together, Shangguan Waner's poems can be said to be the chronicle of Chang 'an court, or the code book that opened the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which is the "first sound" of poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

A political revolution broke out in Tang Long, and Shangguan Waner was killed.

In 7 10, Li Longji killed Wei Ruyun and Princess Anle, thinking that Shangguan Waner would fight for power and gain with his aunt Princess Taiping, so he also killed Shangguan Waner.

Sometimes killing people doesn't necessarily mean refusing. In fact, Tang Xuanzong was deeply grateful to Shangguan Waner in his heart.

After the situation stabilized, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered Prime Minister Zhang Shuo to compile twenty volumes of Collected Works of Shangguan Waner. Zhang Shuo commented on Shangguan Waner in the Preface to the Collected Works of Tang and Shangguan Shi: "Both dynasties had beauty, and the advisers were not left behind, so they should be satisfied. Although Chinese is called Ban Yuan, it has gained a good reputation in Zuo Wan, with different writing methods and different contributions. "

Zhao Rong made outstanding achievements in both dynasties. She was very busy every day. She has both poetic talent and political foresight, even Ban Jieyu, a famous talented woman in Han Dynasty, can't compare with her!

Throughout Shangguan Waner's life, when she was not reused by Wu Zetian, she was able to keep a low profile and open a "red plum" on her forehead in suffering and humiliation; After being reused by Zhongzong, he reformed the literature museum, opposed the "official style" and advocated a new style of poetry, becoming the symbol and leader of Zhongzong's literary world, leading the whole poetry world and welcoming the cry of the poetry world in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Later generations commented on her, just like the last sentence on her epitaph: Long live the Millennium, pepper flowers sing.

The epitaph of Shangguan Waner will be exhibited for the first time, and it is suspected that the tomb was destroyed by the government. The name Shangguan Waner should not be unfamiliar to people who like the glory of the king or Tang Dynasty TV dramas. What kind of figure is Shangguan Waner, who is legendary all his life, in history?

Shangguan Waner (AD 664-7 10), also known as Shangguan Zhao Rong, was a female official and a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. She was born in a noble family, and her grandfather was Shangguan Yi, the prime minister of Tang Gaozong. Because of her grandfather's conviction, she was sent to the palace as a slave in her infancy. Later, because of her wisdom and good writing style, she was reused by Wu Zetian and assisted the queen for 30 years. She is an enemy and an ally. She is in charge of the center and weighs the world, and is known as the "female prime minister".

At the age of 46, Shangguan Waner was executed because of political changes in Tang Long.

In September of 20 13, Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology announced the discovery of Shangguan Waner's tomb, and its epitaph supplemented the information about Princess Taiping's burial after she was killed in Tang Long's political revolution. Moreover, it was found that the tomb of Shangguan Waner was seriously damaged, probably because Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty decided that she was a princess of peace and carried out "official destruction of the tomb".

On April 28th, the epitaph of Shangguan Waner will be exhibited for the first time in Shaanxi Archaeological Museum.

Shaanxi Archaeological Museum was built 10 years ago and will be opened for trial operation on April 28th. Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, as the first archaeological museum in China, will take the development of archaeology as the main line and the cultural relics unearthed at the archaeological excavation site as the exhibition object. More than 90% of the 42 18 cultural relics on display are exhibited to the public for the first time, and the exhibition is free. You need an appointment!

Shaanxi Archaeological Museum will be open to the public on a trial basis from Thursday, April 28th to Sunday, July 3rd/kloc-0. During the trial operation, online real-name booking will be implemented. During the trial operation, the number of visitors will be limited to 1500 people/day. Visitors can make free ticket reservations five days in advance (including the day) through the official WeChat and WeChat official accounts of Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, and offline reservations are not accepted for the time being.

Shaanxi Archaeological Museum is located in the south of Zhoujiazhuang Village, Guodu Street, Chang 'an District, xi City. Its architectural style is integrated with the cultural style of Qinling Ecological Zone and Millennium Temple. The pattern of "one museum and four centers" has opened up the whole chain of disciplines from archaeological excavation to protection, research, interpretation, display and dissemination.

The exhibition hall has three floors, with 42 18 groups of 52 15 cultural relics on display. The theme of the permanent exhibition is "Shaanxi, a sacred archaeological site", which is divided into four chapters: archaeological history, cultural pedigree, archaeological discovery and cultural protection technology. There are outdoor exhibition areas of field archaeology, brick carving, ceramic stone carving and cultural relics.

The permanent exhibition "Archaeological Holy Land Huazhang Shaanxi" begins with archaeological maps and the beginning of epigraphy in China, showing the birth of China archaeology in Yangshao in 192 1 year, and the archaeological achievements of major sites in Shaanxi, such as xi 'an Banpo, Terracotta Warriors Pit and Hanyang Mausoleum, are exhibited here.

For the first time, the archaeological achievements of Xi 'an, such as gypsum statue site, Yangguanzhai site, Lushan site, Liangdaicun site, Liujiawa site, Xuechi site, Wei Qiao site in the Western Han Dynasty, etc., were systematically displayed to the public on a large scale. The precious cultural relics excavated in recent years, such as the stone carving at Shigetou, the most luxurious bronze carriage in the Western Zhou Dynasty at Joo Won? Site, the large bronze sacrifice in the Shang and Zhou Tombs at Shigushan, Baoji, the epitaph of Shangguan Waner, and the epitaph of China Emperor Baling figurines and Yan Zhenqing Shudan, were exhibited.

The remains of he jia zhuang Car, the first luxury car in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and the mural tomb of the Yuan Dynasty in Pucheng were directly packed and moved into the exhibition hall, and the wooden figurines of the Zhou Dynasty obtained a complete shape by pouring gypsum liquid.

Shaanxi Archaeological Museum relies on many archaeological achievements of Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute, the earliest and largest provincial archaeological research institution established in China. In the future, Shaanxi Archaeological Museum will also invite Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology to carry out archaeological excavations and display the latest archaeological achievements in the form of temporary exhibitions.

The epitaph of Shangguan Waner will be exhibited for the first time and is suspected to have been "officially destroyed". Shaanxi Archaeological Museum, the first archaeological museum in China, was put into trial operation for the society, and a large number of cultural relics were exhibited to the public for the first time, including the epitaph of Shangguan Waner, a talented woman in the Tang Dynasty.

Although Shangguan Waner's epitaph was exhibited to the public for the first time, this cultural relic was actually unearthed in Konggang New Town, Xixian New District, Xi City, Shaanxi Province in August 20 13. There are 982 epitaphs, which roughly describe the life of Shangguan Waner.

Jaco, an assistant researcher at Shaanxi Institute of Archaeology, said in an interview that the tomb belongs to a single-room brick tomb. During the excavation and cleaning, it was found that the patio and brick coupons had been destroyed, and all kinds of signs indicated that it was probably vandalized by someone. The epitaph unearthed in the tunnel clearly records the mystery of Shangguan Waner's identity.

The epitaph of Shangguan Waner was unearthed in 20 13, and the words "Shangguan Stone, Zhao Rong, Tang Dynasty" were engraved on it.

Many people know the story of Shangguan Waner through film and television dramas, and even some young people know this historical figure through the role of the glory of the king, which has nothing to do with him. However, this cultural relic on public display for the first time may subvert many people's impressions from film and television dramas.

In the hot search in Weibo, some young netizens learned about "Shangguan Waner" from the game.

In film and television dramas, Shangguan Waner often shows people as Wu Zetian's "right-hand man" and is known as the "prime minister of women's schools". She is a strong woman who is "only talented and strategic". However, the description of his private life is either never involved, or jokingly described as having an affair with Wu Sansi, Cui Zhuo and even Zhang Changzong, and some people think that he is "unmarried for life".

But the record in this epitaph shows another possibility. According to the article, he became a talented person at the age of thirteen, and the first year of the Year of the Loong was named Zhao Rong.

According to the current legend, Shangguan Waner was born in 664, and in about 677, the second year of Tang Gaozong's reign, she was named a talented person. "Jinglong Pavilion" mentioned that "(Shangguan Waner) is fourteen years old, brilliant and brilliant. After listening to it, I tried it, and the pen was made, all like a structure. " The last sentence in his epitaph, which records him as a talented person, is "Be prepared for dragons and snakes and have more sparks", praising Shangguan Waner for her profound knowledge and calm response, echoing the records in Jinglong Museum.

Although Wu Zetian is as talented as when she first entered the palace, many people speculate that this move is probably a "birthright" given by Wu Zetian to avoid her handmaiden status.

In 705, the "First Year of the Dragon" was a title shared by Wu Zetian and Tang Zhongzong Li Xian. However, the "Dragon Coup" took place in February of the first year of the Dragon, and Shangguan Waner was posthumously named Zhao Rongying to Li Xian, Tang Zhongzong. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Biography of Empresses and Zhao Rong of Zhongzong Shangguan also recorded that "Zhao Rong of Zhongzong Shangguan was named Wan'er and the grandson of Xitaifu Lang Yi." This is consistent with the inscription on the cover of Shangguan Waner's epitaph "Inscription of Shangguan Shi in Late Tang Dynasty in Zhao Rong".

It is recorded in Zi Tong Zhi Jian that Shangguan Waner "ascended the throne, and made him take charge of his life, accept his appointment, worship him as a teacher and be used by China." This also means that Shangguan Waner is not only Tang Zhongzong's concubine, but also holds a lot of power. There are different records about the ups and downs of Shangguan Waner's "Zhao Rong" and "Jieyu" in history books, but the epitaph only records "Please retire to Jieyu and make three promises".

In many TV dramas, Shangguan Waner was at the same party with Queen wexler of Tang Zhongzong and her daughter Princess Anle. In 7 10, when Li Longji launched a rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, they were killed at the same time. However, according to the records in the epitaph, in the process of Webster trying to ask Tang Zhongzong to make Princess Anle the "wife of the emperor", Shangguan Waner tried to fight to the death-

"Webster's insult to national sovereignty, shake the emperor, thieves and ministers, and want to make a daughter as a store; Love the daughter plot, want to take the thief and minister as the party. Zhao Rong remonstrated with tears of blood, buckled his heart, begged for surrender, and removed the creeping weed. The first emperor generously covered up his own flaws; Zhao Rong felt that things could not be done and there was nothing to do. On it, please lie down and reason, but don't follow your words; Please resign in the middle, the system does not allow; Secondly, please come out and die for frustration; Next, please drink to death, you almost fell. "

This means that Shangguan Waner strongly opposed the establishment of Princess Anle as Chu Jun, and tried to stop it four times, from exposing her resignation to cutting her hair and even drinking poison to remonstrate her death. Tang Zhongzong "cherishes talents like life" and asks a famous doctor to save Shangguan Waner who is dying.

However, although both of them died in a coup, the treatment behind Shangguan Waner was different from that of Wei Hou and Princess Anle. According to the epitaph, the evaluation of Shangguan Waner's "Yi Shu is talented and wise, and she also won the" Huiwen "posthumous title, which is very rare among women in the Tang Dynasty.

In the epitaph, the record of Shangguan Waner's death is very vague. "And accompany qing, entrust GanKun; He died at the moment of sudden death. At forty-seven in the Spring and Autumn Period. " But it was later rehabilitated. "The emperor shows his face, the sage mourns it, makes it, and the ceremony is for the official."

The epitaph also records that after the death of Shangguan Waner, "Princess Taiping was sad, gave 500 silks, sent condolences, and sent a message for a rainy day." Later generations also concluded that the situation after Shangguan Waner's death was different from that of Webster and others because of her feelings with Princess Taiping, and some even inferred that the epitaph was written by Princess Taiping.

No coffin was found during the excavation of Shangguan Waner's tomb, and it was suspected that it was "official ruin"

However, after Tang Ruizong came to power, Li Longji and Princess Taiping, as allies, gradually became tit-for-tat opponents. When Shangguan Waner's tomb was excavated, it was speculated that Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, thought he was a "party" with Princess Taiping, so he led the "official destruction of the tomb".

There are so many stories behind a cultural relic. In this archaeological museum, 42 18 groups of 52 15 cultural relics were exhibited, of which more than 90% of the precious cultural relics were seen by the public for the first time.