Application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in teacher recruitment examination

Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is a common knowledge point in educational psychology of teacher recruitment examination. When preparing for the exam, we suggest that you take all kinds of questions for the exam.

The demand theory was put forward by Maslow in 1943' s paper "The Theory of Human Motivation". The book divides people's needs from low to high like a ladder into five levels, namely: physiological needs, security needs, social needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. Later, in 1954, Maslow discussed two other needs in his book Motivation and Personality: the need for knowledge and the need for aesthetics. But these two needs are not included in his level of needs, and he thinks they should be between the needs of respect and the needs of self-realization.

(a) hierarchy of needs

1. Physiological needs

This is the most primitive basic demand of human beings, which refers to the physiological needs such as food, clothing, shelter, hunger and thirst, sex and so on. If these needs cannot be met, people's bodies will shrink and their lives will be threatened. Therefore, these needs are the most intense, urgent and unavoidable needs of human beings, and the resulting power and effectiveness are also very strong. When a person's basic physiological needs occupy a great advantage, other needs will be put in a secondary position. However, physiological needs are also limited. If this basic demand is met accordingly, its driving force will be reduced accordingly, and its incentive effect will be relatively reduced.

2. The need for security

When a person's physiological needs are met, there will naturally be a demand for safety. The demand for security includes four aspects.

(1) Economic security

Including fear of economic poverty caused by illness, occupational hazards, unemployment and property deprivation.

(2) Psychological safety

Including the hope of eliminating harsh supervision and threats and avoiding unfair treatment.

(3) Labor safety

Including no accidents, no occupational diseases and being competent for the job.

(4) Environmental safety

Including accidents, natural disasters, earthquakes and war protection. In real life, everyone has a need for safety.

3. Social needs

Social needs include social desire and sense of belonging. Social desire shows that people need sympathy, comfort and support from others, friendship and love. People always want to keep friendly relations with others and are eager for mutual trust and help. Sense of belonging means that people are eager to belong and want to be a member of a certain group. People consciously or unconsciously combine people with the same ideas, tendencies and ideas into an invisible group in their work and life, so that they can get mutual care and care in this group without feeling lonely.

4. The need for respect

The need for respect can be divided into the need for self-esteem and the need for respect for others.

(1) self-esteem needs

Self-esteem needs to show self-confidence and pride, such as demanding independent work, self-growth and self-realization. People need to show their importance. If this demand is frustrated, it will damage self-esteem and make people feel inferior. If this demand is met, it will produce a sense of competence and masturbation.

He respects needs.

His respect for needs shows that he hopes to gain recognition and respect from others, yearns for honor and status, and even expands his prestige, power and influence. Prestige is an invisible force, with which others can admire it. People always want others to respect themselves and be valued by others. Honor is a high evaluation given by society or others. Once people are recognized by society and others, they have a sense of honor.

5. The need for self-realization

This is a kind of highest-level need, which means that people want to complete the work equivalent to their own abilities, so that their potential abilities can be fully exerted and become the people they expect. We call this demand self-actualization.

(B) the characteristics of the hierarchy of needs theory

1. Maslow believes that the five needs are like a ladder, climbing up step by step according to the hierarchy. Generally speaking, only when the lower-level needs are basically met, the higher-level needs will appear, but this level of demand is not absolute. Sometimes people will seek higher-level needs when the lower-level needs are not met. Growth needs cannot be absolutely met.

2. The lower the level, the earlier the demand appears, and the higher the level, the later the demand appears.

3. Lack of demand: related to individual survival. Physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs and respect needs are called missing needs, which are necessary for individual survival. Growth needs: related to health, longevity and energy. Self-realization needs (knowledge needs, aesthetic needs, self-realization needs) are the needs of growth. Although it is not necessary for our survival, it is of great positive significance for us to adapt to society.

At the same time, a person may have several needs. But it always needs to occupy a dominant position in each period and play a decisive role in behavior. Any kind of demand will not disappear because of the development of higher-level demand. All levels need to be interdependent and overlapping. After the development of high-level demand, low-level demand still exists, but its influence on behavior is greatly reduced.