This paper discusses the main characteristics of four government governance models advocated by the new public management movement and their enlightenment to China's government reform.

First of all, economic and political factors played a decisive role in the reform. After the oil crisis in 1970s, economic recession generally appeared in western countries, which led to high fiscal deficit, overwhelmed welfare state and faced a series of new political and social problems, which was the direct cause of government reform. Osborne and Guble said in their book "Reforming the Government" that there are three ways to solve the fiscal deficit problem: one is to limit expenditure and end public tasks; The second is to increase income, especially taxes; The third is to achieve public tasks with less expenditure, that is, to do more with less money. Only the third way is the alternative way to solve practical problems, and the new public management reform is this way.

Secondly, the emergence of economic globalization is the driving force for reform. The trend of globalization has strengthened the western countries' great attention to their own economic competitiveness; Government ability is the leading factor of a country's comprehensive national strength and competitiveness. How to guide and regulate the national economy, participate in international economic competition and promote economic development has become a thorny issue facing the government. At the same time, the traditional management model can no longer meet the all-round requirements of the globalization era, that is, dealing with international issues is no longer the special responsibility of traditional foreign-related departments, and other government departments are participating more and more. The re-division of power and responsibility and the requirement of capacity and efficiency are also important factors to promote the reform of the existing public sector.

Third, the new technological revolution, especially the information revolution, is a catalyst for the reform of contemporary western governments. The rapid development of information technology has created the possibility of establishing a flexible, efficient and transparent government. The arrival of the information age has broken the government's long-standing monopoly on public information. The new communication technology and the convenience of obtaining government information make it easier for citizens and social groups to obtain public affairs and express their demands. This also requires the government to respond to its operation process and citizen feedback.

Finally, the failure of the traditional bureaucracy and the expansion of economics into the field of political science are also the reasons for the rise of the new public management movement in the West. The traditional bureaucracy has been unable to effectively adapt to the modern society with increasingly complex public affairs, especially the influence of economic globalization has exposed the disadvantages of bureaucracy, such as rigidity, inefficiency and overstaffing. These drawbacks have brought many adverse effects and obstacles to social, economic and political life, and it is imperative to reform the administrative management model. In addition, the explanation of political issues by economic theory is another objective reason for the rise of the new management movement. The accuracy and effectiveness of economics bring demonstration effect to administrative reform, which is guided by economic means such as improving efficiency, reducing transaction costs, rationally allocating resources and implementing incentive measures.