Can you briefly introduce the denim washing and ordering process? I am a beginner and want to know more

1. GARMENT WASH

General washing is ordinary washing. It just changes the washing we are familiar with into mechanization. The water temperature is between 60°-90°. About C, add a certain amount of detergent. After about 15 minutes of normal washing, add water and softener to make the fabric softer, more comfortable, and visually more natural and cleaner. Usually based on the length of washing time and the amount of chemicals used, general washing can be divided into light general washing, general washing and heavy general washing. Usually light general washing lasts about 5 minutes, general washing lasts about 15 minutes, and heavy general washing lasts about 30 minutes (this time is not precise). There is no obvious boundary between these three washing methods.

2. Stone wash/stone wash (STONE WASH)

Stone wash means adding a certain size of pumice stone to the washing water to polish the pumice stone with the clothes, and the water level in the polishing tank is based on the clothes. Do this at a low level of water that is completely saturated so that the pumice stone makes good contact with the clothing. General washing or rinsing can be carried out before stone grinding, or rinsing can be carried out after stone grinding. According to the different requirements of customers, yellow stone, white stone, AAA stone, artificial stone, rubber balls, etc. can be used for washing to achieve different washing effects. After washing, the cloth surface will appear gray and old, and the clothes will be slightly to severely damaged. .

3. Enzyme WASH (ENZYME WASH)

Enzyme is a kind of cellulase, which can degrade the fiber structure at a certain pH value and temperature, making the cloth surface It can fade and remove hair more gently (producing a "peach skin" effect) and achieve long-lasting softness. Stones can be used together with or in place of stones. If used together with stones, it is usually called ENZYME STONE WASH.

4. SAND WASH

Sand washing uses some alkaline and oxidizing additives to make the clothes have a certain fading effect and a sense of staleness after washing. If it is combined with stone After grinding, a layer of soft frosty white fluff will be produced on the surface of the fabric after washing. Adding some softeners can make the fabric after washing soft and soft, thus improving the comfort of wearing.

(1) Sand washing agent

a) Bulking agent: The bulking agent and concentration, temperature, time, etc. are selected according to the type of fiber, the structure and tightness of the fabric, etc. Puffing conditions: When sand washing pure cotton clothes, an alkaline puffing agent such as soda ash can be used for puffing treatment.

b) Sand detergent: After the clothes are puffed, the fibers are loosened, and then rubbed with the help of special sand washing to make the loose surface fibers produce plump and soft fluff. To make the suede full, you must Choose sand powder of different shapes and hardnesses, such as diamond-shaped sand (to make loose fibers produce fluff), polygonal sand (to make the fluff stand upright), and round sand (to make the fluff plump).

c) Softener: Softener used for sand washing. It is required to be soft and waxy, so that the fabric can gain weight and the drape should be significantly improved. Therefore, this type of softener should have a long carbon chain and be cationic, so it can be adsorbed on the fabric to achieve the purpose of weight gain.

(2) Sand washing equipment

Currently, industrial water washing machines are generally used for puffing, sand washing and softening, centrifugal pump dehydrators are used for dehydration, and knitting factory dryers are used for drying. Tumble dryer for drying goose down.

(3) Sand washing process

Cotton clothing can determine the type, dosage, temperature and strength of the puffing agent based on the tissue structure, warp and weft density, yarn count thickness, and twist strength. time, as well as the amount of sand washing powder and softener and the processing temperature and time. Generally speaking, the sand washing effect of yarn fabrics is better than that of thread fabrics, coarse count yarns are better than high count yarns, low twist is better than high twist, and the floating point is longer are superior to floating point short products.

5. Chemical wash (CHEMICAL WASH)

Chemical wash mainly uses strong alkali additives (NaOH, NaSiO3, etc.) to achieve the purpose of fading. The clothes will have more obvious discoloration after washing. To reduce the stale feeling, adding softener will make the clothes softer and fuller.

If stones are added to chemical washing, it is called fossil washing (CHEMICAL STONE WASH), which can enhance the fading and wear effects, making the clothes have a strong sense of distress. Fossil washing combines the effects of chemical washing and stone washing. After washing, it can achieve an imitation and fluffing effect.

6. Rinse (BLEACH WASH)

In order to make the clothes have a white or bright appearance and soft feel, the clothes need to be rinsed, that is, after ordinary washing with clean water, add Warm to 60°C, add an appropriate amount of bleaching agent according to the depth of the bleached color, and make the color consistent with the plate within 7-10 minutes. During operation, the direction of adding bleach should be consistent with the direction of the rotating cylinder to prevent the bleach from falling directly on the clothes because it cannot be diluted with water quickly, causing partial bleaching. Before bleaching, the water level in the tank should be slightly higher to facilitate dilution of the bleaching water. After the clothes are bleached, use large (baby) soda (Na2CO3, NaHCO3) to neutralize the residual bleach in the water to completely stop bleaching. After washing with clean water, add detergent, fluorescent whitening agent, hydrogen peroxide, etc. to the water at 50°C for final washing, neutralizing the PH value, fluorescent whitening, etc., and finally softening.

Rinsing can be divided into oxygen bleaching and chlorine bleaching. Oxygen bleaching uses the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at a certain pH value and temperature to destroy the dye structure, thereby achieving the purpose of fading and whitening. Generally, the bleached cloth surface will be slightly red. Chlorine bleaching uses the oxidation of sodium hypochlorite to destroy the dye structure, thereby achieving the purpose of fading. Chlorine bleaching has a rough fading effect and is mostly used for rinsing indigo denim. After bleaching the boards, sea waves should be used to neutralize the residual chlorine in the water and clothing to stop the bleaching. After bleaching, stone grinding is performed, which is called BLEACH STONE WASH.

7. DESTROY WASH

After the garments are polished with pumice and treated with additives, a certain degree of damage will occur in certain parts (bones, collar corners, etc.). After washing, the clothes will have a more obvious worn effect.

8. SNOW WASH

Soak the dry pumice with potassium permanganate solution, then polish it directly with the clothes in a special rotating cylinder, and use the pumice stone to polish the clothes. On the cloth, potassium permanganate is used to oxidize the friction points, causing the cloth surface to fade irregularly and form white spots similar to snowflakes.

The general process of snowflake washing is as follows:

Soak pumice in potassium permanganate - Dry grinding of pumice and clothes - Snowflake effect on the board - Take out the clothes in the washing tank Wash off the stone dust on the clothes with clean water - neutralize with oxalic acid - wash with water - apply softener.

9. MOUSTACHE EFFECT is WHISKER, but WHISKER is more professional. Cat whiskers are a type of hand sand (HAND BRUSH), which is just ground into the shape of cat whiskers.

10. Sand blasting is also called SPRAY STONE WASH / SAND BLAST. It uses special equipment (to put it bluntly, it is a large electric toothbrush, but it is a roller type) to polish the fabric, usually with an inflatable model to match it.

11. The essential difference between MONKEY WASH and sandblasting is that the former is a chemical effect, while the latter is a physical effect. Spray maliu is to use a spray gun to spray potassium permanganate solution onto the clothing according to the design requirements, causing a chemical reaction to cause the fabric to fade. Use the concentration and spray volume of potassium permanganate to control the degree of fading. In terms of effect, Spray Maliu fades evenly, with both the surface and inner layers fading, and can achieve a strong fading effect. Sandblasting only causes fading on the surface, and physical damage to the fibers can be seen.

12. Pigment wash/pigment dyed wash, also called "single-sided coating/pigment dyeing", which means that this washing method is specially designed for paint-dyed clothing. It is designed to consolidate the original bright color and increase the softness of the hand