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Shandong institutions recruitment examination content provincial examination materials-landform and climate

Geomorphological climate

Basic features of landforms

In Shandong province, the mountains in the middle are protruding, the southwest and northwest are low-lying and flat, and the hills in the east are undulating, forming a topographic trend with mountains and hills as the skeleton and plain basins criss-crossing. Mount Tai is located in the middle, with the main peak 1545 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the province. The Yellow River Delta is generally 2- 10 meters above sea level, which is the lowest land in the province. The landform in the territory is complex, which can be roughly divided into nine basic landform types, such as Zhongshan, low mountains, hills, platforms, basins, piedmont plains, alluvial fans of the Yellow River, Yellow River plains and Yellow River Delta. Mountains account for about 15.5% of the total area of the province, hills account for 13.2% and plains account for 55%. Rivers and lakes account for 1. 1%.

The hilly areas in south-central Shandong mainly include Linyi, Zaozhuang, Jinan and most of Tai 'an, southern Zibo and southwestern Weifang. High in the middle and low in the edge. The main peaks of Mount Tai, Lushan, Yishan and Mengshan are all above 1000 meters above sea level, which constitutes the ridge of this area. On both sides of the ridge, 500 ~ 600 meters above sea level, it belongs to the hills composed of Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata. The outer edge of the mountain is the piedmont accumulation plain, which is mainly distributed along the Ji Jiao Railway and east of Weishan Lake. It is 40 ~ 70 meters above sea level, with gentle surface slope, deep soil layer and abundant water. It has always been a high drought and flood producing area in the province. Rivers in this area originate from the surface of hills and ridges and radiate to the surrounding areas, forming many valley areas with different widths. Limestone is widely distributed in this area, and karst landforms are developed. After the water in underground fissures and caves is blocked, some springs surface, forming many spring groups, such as Baotu Spring Group in Jinan, Black Tiger Spring Group, Pearl Spring Group, Wulongtan Spring Group, Zhangqiu Mingshui Spring Group, Laiwu Guoniang Spring Group, Xintai Loude Spring Group, Mengyin Liugou Spring Group, Sishui Spring Group and Tengzhou Ant Spring Group.

The hilly area of Jiaodong is the main part of Shandong Peninsula, mainly including the areas under the jurisdiction of Yantai City, Weihai City and Qingdao City. The hills in this area are basically composed of igneous rocks, and most of them are undulating hills with an altitude of 200 ~ 300 meters except a few peaks with an altitude of more than 700 meters. The slope is gentle and wide, the soil layer is deep, surrounded by the sea on three sides, the climate is mild and humid, and the natural conditions are superior. Between the hills is a graben-type fault depression plain belt, which mainly includes Laiyang basin and Taocun basin. On the outer edge of the hills, there are scattered coastal plains with the width ranging from several kilometers to 10. Among them, Penglai, Longkou and Laizhou coastal plains have the largest area and are one of the important agricultural areas in Jiaodong.

In the north-central part of the peninsula, Daze Mountain, Ai Shan Mountain, Yashan Mountain, Kunyu Mountain and Weide Mountain are distributed from west to east.