Did Qin Shihuang and Ying Zheng gain a ready-made advantage when they unified the six countries?

Qin is a remote western tribe whose ancestors are famous for taming animals and driving cars, so they are backward in all aspects. Although it was quite powerful later, it was still regarded as an honorary emperor by the Central Plains countries and was not qualified to participate in the alliance. At that time, people called it "beast" in fear, and compared the continuous expansion of Qin State to "nibbling away". It is always easy for isolated people to launch satellites, as the historian Bai Yang described: "The most backward and humble remote small country, like a bull breaking into a porcelain shop, broke into the international community and shocked all countries. At the beginning of the Seven Chivalries, Han, Zhao and Wei formed an alliance, defeating Qi, Qin and Chu, and became a rich and powerful country. Then there is infighting. Not only did the alliance break down, but the member countries also killed each other.

Wei was the "big brother" in the early Warring States period. Before the establishment of the kingdom, it appeared as a hegemon and dominated the international stage for more than 60 years. Wei has geographical advantages, located in the heart of China, the center of the Central Plains, and the most fertile farmland, so the national income is higher than other countries. Wei Si, the founding monarch, was also very proud of this: "The mountains and rivers are dangerous, which is Wei's treasure." Wei's power also benefited from three outstanding figures: one was Prime Minister Li _; One is Ximen Bao; One is Wuqi. During Li Lili's tenure as Prime Minister, he promulgated laws and adjusted taxes to ensure long-term social stability. The establishment of irrigation projects in Ximen Bao has made the economy richer. Wu has been guarding the Xihe River, such as Mount Tai and near the northern border of Qin Dynasty. If you give him another ten years, maybe the Qin dynasty will be eaten by him. However, Wei Jun's sensitivity is not developed enough, and it frequently chooses other countries to attack, so it ignores Qin. As a result, a step away became a permanent regret, which not only gave Qin an opportunity to expand, but also ruined himself.

Wei's army aimed at Zhao first. Zhao asked Qi to help retreat. Sun Bin, a great strategist, led the army to the capital of Wei. Wei's army has breached the capital of Zhao. When they heard that their country was in crisis, they quickly withdrew from Zhao to save Wei. Just halfway there, he was ambushed by the Qi army, which blocked Wei Jun and won a great victory. This is a famous war example in the history of China-"encircling Wei to save Zhao". Two years later, Wei attacked South Korea, and Qi assumed the role of "peacekeeping". Sun Bin did the same thing again, commanding the Qi army to encircle Wei and save Korea. The Qi army pretended to retreat. After the first day of evacuation, there were enough stoves left in the camp to cook for 65,438+10,000 people. The stove left the next day was only enough for 50 thousand people to cook; On the third day, the remaining stoves were reduced to only 30 thousand people to cook. Judging from the number of stoves in Wei Jun, I thought that the Qi army had fled in large numbers, so I chose a good soldier and chased the Qi army to Maling. As a result, the Qi army ambushed here was completely defeated. This is the famous Battle of Maling.

In fact, Wei is unfortunate, because it enabled a historical villain, Pang Juan. Pang Juan and Sun Bin are disciples of Guiguzi, and they had a good relationship when they were students. Pang Juan left his teacher and became a general of Wei. At first, out of pure friendship, he recommended Sun Bin to Wei. But Pang Juan soon found that Sun Bin's talent far exceeded his own, and he might be appreciated by the monarch, thus seizing his position. He is determined to crowd out Sun Bin by unjust imprisonment. So, he ordered people to report Sun Bin's rebellion, with "conclusive evidence", and then he repeatedly quibbled about hypocrisy. Wei reluctantly pardoned Sun Bin's death sentence, but in order to prevent him from escaping, he cut off his foot. From then on, Sun Bin could not walk, but crawled on the ground. So Pang Juan didn't kill him, in order to let him write a guiguzi taught art of war to stay in his memory. Sun Bin is grateful to his old friend for saving his life, and of course he is willing to write. But in the middle of writing, he found the truth of being framed, pretending to be crazy, laughing, and sometimes even eating shit. When Pang Juan's defense slackened slightly, Sun Bin escaped from B.

In the second war of aggression launched by Wei, Pang Juan and Sun Bin met as military advisers of both sides. After the defeat of Wei Jun, the commander Shen Wei was captured and committed suicide. Pang Juan was led to a big tree with the words "Pang Juan died here" in the dark. An ambush killed him when he ordered his guards to light torches and check what was written on them. At the end of his life, Pang Juan was not ashamed of his negative behavior. Instead, he called Sun Bin lucky and famous. After two battles, Qi replaced Wei to dominate the Central Plains. The rule of Qi is not a fuel-efficient lamp. It always likes to covet its neighbors.

In 3 14 BC, Qi Xuanwang took advantage of the civil strife in Yan State to send troops to Yan State. The civil strife in Yan originated from the imitation of the abdication system. Ji is a fool. He walked down the throne with great humility, gave it to the minister's son and became a minister himself. Although Zizhi seized the throne, she could not control the situation. Another minister, Shi Pi and Ji Kuai's son Ji Ping, fought to the death, and the capital, Ji Cheng, fell into a scuffle. During his three years in power, the civil war lasted for three years and tens of thousands of people died. The Qi army invaded Yan State, occupied Ji Cheng without resistance, and defeated all factions in the melee. One of Kuaihe died in the army. At present, Qi Xuanwang proudly declared: "A country with 10,000 chariots attacked a country with 10,000 chariots, and it took only 50 days to conquer them all."

However, the people of Yan are very patriotic. Two years later, the emerging folk forces expelled the Qi army and made Wang Qiping succeed him. In order to get revenge, Yan Zhaowang appointed Le Yi as the general and joined forces with Qin Chu to cut Qi. It took only half a year for the allied forces to capture the land outside most cities in Qi except Ju 'an and Jimo, and almost all the troops were wiped out. From then on, Tian Dan, the general of the State of Qi, took these two cities as his stronghold, defeated the Yan army in Enemy at the Gates and saved the national subjugation of the State of Qi. Tian Dan scared away the enemy with his newly invented secret weapon "Fire Bull Array". A firefight is to tie the sword to the corner and then burn its tail. This group of cows with burning tails turned into countless tankers and rushed into the Yan Jun camp like an avalanche. The Yanjun was frightened by this unprecedented weapon and was defeated at the moment. Yanjun rout, like a serial avalanche. The people of Qi fought back and attacked the army of Yan. In just a few days, all the occupying troops of Yan State were driven away. This is a famous miracle victory in history, but in the five-year war, Qi suffered heavy losses and was greatly weakened, and fell from the status of a superpower. From then on, there was only one hegemony-Qin hegemony. Because Qi is far away from Qin, it will not perish immediately.

Qin, who has been suppressed and despised by Wei, suffocated in obscurity: sit up! Sit down! Depressed, the king of Qin sat on the curved beam chair. Although he is a poor country, he has always maintained an ambitious state. He believes that "talent determines fate" and is thirsty for talents. Luckily, he met his political friend Sun Yang.

Sun Yang is a Guo Wei, but Guo Wei's pool is too small for this big fish. So I went to Wei "wandering" and worked under Uncle Cuo, the prime minister of Wei. Uncle CuO admired him, but he didn't have time to recommend it to Wang Wei, and he couldn't afford it. Wang Wei visited him personally, and Uncle Cuo said, "Sun Yang's talent is ten times higher than mine. After my death, please hand over the state administration to him. Wei's future depends on him. " Wang Wei couldn't help being surprised. After a while, Uncle Cuo said, "If you can't use Gong Sunyang, please kill him and don't let him leave the country. Once recruited by other countries, it will become the biggest trouble for Wei. " After leaving the government, Wang Wei said to the left and right: "Uncle Cuo was seriously ill and taught me to hand over the state power to Gong Sunyang. After a while, he taught me to kill him. " Minister Wei Ang knew Sun Yang's talent well and recommended it to Wang Wei. Wang Wei laughed it off.

After GongSunYang lost his job, he decided to go to the State of Qin. At this time, I happened to see the recruitment notice of Qin Wang and went to apply. During the interview, Ying Quliang and Sun Yang met briefly. Sun Yang told Ying Quliang, "If you doubt a knowledge, you will never succeed. Doubt about a measure will never succeed. A man of insight will be spurned by the world. Don't discuss enterprising and pioneering with stupid people, just let them see rich gains. High wisdom is different from secular wisdom. A successful person only conspires with a few people and doesn't ask the opinions of the majority. To make the country strong, only thorough reform is needed. " Won Quliang handed over power to the newcomer and ordered him to carry out political reform according to his own plans and steps.

Through Shang Yang's political reform, Qin gradually got rid of the semi-barbaric state and evolved from a dwarf to a giant. In nineteen years or so, Qin was a hundred times stronger than Wei, who had always despised it. A large number of fleeing farmers and people of insight and lofty ideals who have been ravaged by war for too long in the Central Plains countries are tired of melee and helplessness and turn to the quietly blooming State of Qin. No matter in heaven or hell, in this final resting place or foothold, people who are tired in troubled times are eager for an end. The state of Qin has a large population, abundant talents, sufficient troops and strong fighting power in an instant. At the same time, years of killings and massacres have made all countries look "a spent force, unable to surpass Milu". In the late Warring States period, the other six countries could not resist Qin alone.

When modern economists invented a new term that can explain market competition-game, they were complacent. As early as the end of the Warring States period, our prophets and ancestors had already made good use of it. The six countries adopted the strategy of vertical and weak alliance, but fell apart at the critical moment, and suffered repeated wars and defeats because of disunity; Qin adopted the strategy of dominating Lian Heng, alienating the left and right, cooperating flexibly, breaking the bridge with the camera, and succeeding frequently. The so-called "fortress is the easiest to break from the inside." This on-off game made A Qin a big winner in history.