The status quo of returning to China.

The year of returning home has not yet arrived, but Guangzhou Railway Station has recently received an unusually large number of people. Outside the waiting hall and the station square, there are crowds carrying big bags and small bags everywhere, and quite a few of them are migrant workers working in Guangdong. Because many factories shut down, they had to go home early for the New Year or find another way out.

At present, a number of export processing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta and China coastal areas have closed down, and many large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises have also stepped up their expansion rapidly, resulting in a large number of migrant workers being laid off or forced to take indefinite vacations.

A staff member surnamed He at Guangzhou Railway Station told reporters that the passenger flow at this time in previous years was not so large, and this year is quite abnormal. The daily passenger flow is 90,000 to130,000, especially in Sichuan, Chongqing, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places.

Since this year 1 October1day, affected by the current tide of migrant workers returning home, the passenger flow in Guangzhou Railway Station has been increasing, and the station staff have worked overtime every day to maintain order.

Some enterprises reduce orders and give employees a holiday; Some enterprises are under increasing pressure and forced to lay off employees. Migrant workers who lost their jobs poured into the labor market to find jobs, and more people chose to return home early.

On February 3, 2008, at 65438, the reporter conducted a sample survey of migrant workers going to Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Guiyang and other labor exporting provinces in the waiting hall of Hangzhou Railway Station.

More than half of the 30 migrant workers surveyed were forced to return home.

In Guangzhou Railway Station, the passenger flow from Ningbo to Chengdu, Guiyang and Xi 'an increased by more than 20% than usual. There are 6 buses from Hangzhou Station to Yunguichuan, and they all leave with full loads these days.

This year's wave of migrant workers returning home began half a month in advance.

Hangzhou-Guiyang K539 train

This train passes through Quzhou, Shangrao, Huaihua and other places. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon, the waiting room was crowded with people. Among the tourists, about 30% returned to their hometown where they used to work in Zhejiang.

What is the reason for returning home early? Of the 20 people interviewed by the reporter, 5 have something at home; Three people didn't go home because of heavy snow last year, so they went back for the New Year ahead of schedule this year. 1 person due to business failure; In addition, 1 1 people chose to return to China early because of their lack of work.

"I didn't intend to go back to my hometown this year, but I couldn't help it ..." Master Chen, whose hometown is in Guizhou, smoked a cigarette and looked at the two children playing beside him with a sad face. Beside him, there are several woven bags piled up.

In September 2008, Master Chen took two children and his wife to work in a cable factory in Hangzhou.

"Copper prices plummeted, and the cable factory's benefits were not good. There is not enough work to do. I used to spend more than 40 yuan a day, but now I don't live and have no money to take it. There is no livelihood at home. " Master Chen Can only takes his wife and children home.

In the corner of the railway station square, there is a mother and daughter. Faced with the reporter's inquiry, they finally said a few words: "We are here to work in Hangzhou ..." Tears could not help but flow out.

Hangzhou Station

Without a job, there is no livelihood at home.

Li Jing, 19, a native of Guizhou. He just went out to work with his fellow villagers this year. Before, I worked in an electronics company in Jiangsu. "Wages there are very low, and layoffs have been going on in recent months." He said.

A month ago, Li Jing came to Hangzhou and wanted to find a job here. I have been to the labor market, watched some recruitment activities, and asked possible employers in Hangzhou, but I have never found a suitable job.

"Compared with before, there are fewer employers now. There is still a month to celebrate the New Year, so I think I'd better go home early. " Although he talked about going home, Li Jing also said that he was embarrassed to go home empty-handed. He may stop by Guiyang to find a job and earn some money before going home.

Home-going people

It used to be 2,000 yuan, but now it's only 130 yuan.

"Although our factory has not closed down, there is no job to do." At the beginning of this year, 22-year-old Huang Xiao and two fellow villagers worked as sewing workers in a garment factory in Shangyu. "I used to live a lot and often worked overtime. I can get 2000 a month, and I started to live less in June. If you have no job, you have nothing to do. The boss only gives 130 yuan a monthly subsidy. There is little money left except food and use. It's not worth continuing. It is better to go back to your hometown first and talk about it next year. "

Ma Zhangzhi and his wife are carrying two big bags and a lot of things. For several years, they have been helping people draw in the countryside around Fuyang. No matter which new house is decorated, whoever marries a daughter-in-law will decorate the house, so their business has been good before.

"There is no business recently. We thought it would be difficult to get tickets in the future. Anyway, there is no life now, so let's go home early for the New Year! " The horse said:

Hangzhou-Taiyuan 1582 train

go home

This train passes through Guangde, Fuyang, Huainan, Shangqiu, Shijiazhuang, Hebei and other stations in Henan, all of which are areas with more labor export. Among the 10 people surveyed, 6 people went home early because of poor corporate benefits.

/kloc-the factory with more than 0/000 people was cut down by half.

"When the contract expired, I was fired. Our factory is very big, with more than 65,438+0,000 people. This time, half of the people were laid off, and there were only over 500 workers and managers. " Zhu Xiao, from Fuyang, Anhui Province, has worked in Haining Hanlin Sofa Factory for 3 years.

Zhu Xiao said that in their factory, starting from June 65438+ 10, those whose contracts expire will leave; If the salary is not due, it will be reduced from 1200 yuan to one-month 700 yuan. People left one after another last month, and more this month.

"The factory doesn't include meals. Where is 700 yuan enough?" In the past three years, Zhu Xiao introduced dozens of fellow villagers to work in factories, and now most of them have gone home. Some people are afraid to quit because they can't find a job, and they will do it for 700 yuan.

The price is high outside, so it is better to go home early.

Master Sun from Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province and Shangqiu, Henan Province met in the waiting room of the 1582 train. Two people, one in Ningbo and the other in Taizhou, both work in auto parts enterprises, and their products are mainly foreign trade. Recently, the export situation is not very good, there is no work to do, and everyone wants to go home.

The parts produced by Li Shifu Company are mainly sold to Japan and South Korea, while the products of Master Sun Company are mainly exported to the Philippines, Australia and other countries.

"In the past, we didn't have a rest day and often had to work overtime. Now the business is obviously weak. " Li Shifu said.

Helpless to return to China

"The price here is too high. A catty of green pepper in 2.5 yuan, our hometown only needs 0.5 yuan; Chinese cabbage costs only a few cents there, but it costs more than 2 yuan here. If you have less money, go home early, at least you can save some food and do some farm work! " Master Sun said.

I only work 10 days a month.

On the train, Master Zhang stood by the window and kept looking out.

"It is estimated that there will not be much work next year, and I may not come back." He has been a rebar worker in Hangzhou for more than three years.

"Recently, more people live less, really can't arrange. Last month, I only worked 10 days. " This made Master Zhang feel very uneconomical, because the salary he got was not much left except for eating.

"Hangzhou is very good. I used to earn eighty or ninety dollars a day, and the boss I followed never defaulted on our salary. " Master Zhang said, "As long as I live a few more days, my hometown will call me immediately, and I will definitely come out again."

Railway report

Hubei station

The tide of migrant workers began half a month in advance.

A recent survey of Anhui and Guangdong provinces 1 1 villages by the Ministry of Agriculture showed that by the end of this year, the total number of employed people in coastal developed areas had decreased by 6.5%, mainly migrant workers. Most of the migrant workers who choose to return home are older and have few skills.

With more and more migrant workers returning home early, this year's wave of migrant workers returning home began nearly half a month earlier.

There are 6 buses from Hangzhou Station to Yunguichuan. Three of them are passing cars, namely Ningbo to Guiyang, Shanghai to Chongqing and Shanghai to Guiyang. Three through trains, two through trains to Chongqing and one through train to Guiyang.

According to the introduction of the railway department, these six trains send about 5000 people every day, and they are all fully loaded these days.

This passenger flow will continue to increase in the future, and it is expected to reach the peak of travel in the middle of this month. Tickets to Chongqing, Chengdu and Guiyang are therefore in short supply, so passengers had better buy tickets a few days in advance. At present, the pre-sale period of train tickets from Hangzhou to all parts of the country is 5 days.

Three passenger flows may meet on a large scale.

Compared with the passenger flow to Yunnan-Guichuan, tickets in other directions in Hangzhou are relatively plentiful.

However, according to the forecast of the railway department, this year's Spring Festival is early, and last year's snowstorm delayed some people's trip home. Therefore, the situation in Spring Festival travel rush may be severe this year, with students, visiting relatives and migrant workers meeting.

Hunan should deal with the phenomenon of migrant workers returning home.

Busy production workshop

On June 22, 2008, outside the talent market in Changsha, 165438+ many job seekers were filling out the recruitment registration form. Recently, labor and personnel departments at all levels in Hunan Province have made great efforts to solve the employment problem of returnees from other provinces and organized many job fairs.

Hunan Province strives to expand domestic demand, help enterprises develop healthily and rapidly, and provide more employment opportunities for job seekers. The picture on the right shows the busy production workshop of Delta Electronics in Chenzhou Export Processing Zone.

165438+1October14th, in Changsha Railway Station Square, the reporter saw many migrant workers from Hunan, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other places carrying big bags and small bags. Li Bin, a native of Ningxiang who just returned from Guangdong, told reporters that since last year, their eight fellow villagers have been working together in a toy factory in Shenzhen, and they can't finish their work. But this year, the factory basically didn't receive any orders, so they stopped working one day. Because of the piecework system, their income became less and less, and he and his fellow villagers finally decided to come back.

For a long time, some export-oriented and labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises along the coast have played an important role in solving the problem of migrant workers' employment transfer in Hunan Province. At present, many orders of these enterprises are reduced, which leads to job loss and brings great pressure to the employment of migrant workers in our province.

In other words, more than 2.8 million migrant workers have returned to Hunan Province.

Hunan province is a big labor export province. By the end of 10 this year, the number of rural migrant workers in the province had reached12.03 million, of which 9.02 million were transferred across provinces, accounting for 75%. Among the migrant workers transferred across provinces, 70% are employed in Guangdong. In 2007, the province's total labor income was 86.5 billion yuan, and the income of migrant workers accounted for about one-third of the per capita net income of farmers. Labor economy has become the main way to increase farmers' income in this province.

However, since the beginning of this year, affected by the financial crisis, export-oriented and labor-intensive enterprises in coastal areas have encountered sales difficulties, which directly led to a decrease in employment and a "cold current" in Hunan's labor economy. Zhang Zihui, a native of Yiyang who came back from Dongguan to work, told reporters that he used to work in a garment factory. Since the beginning of this year, the factory has been depressed and many people have been laid off. Later, even a skilled worker like him did nothing. The boss is reluctant to leave these backbone teams and gives them a basic salary of 300 yuan a month to go home first. When they have an order, they must give priority to returning to the original factory.

According to a survey by the Provincial Department of Labor and Social Security, the number of migrant workers returning home in the first half of this year increased by 1 1.45% year-on-year, accounting for about 8% of the total number of migrant workers, that is, nearly 1 10,000 people have returned home. Among them, 54.9 1% returned to the local area and 45.09% returned to other areas in the province. Migrant workers returning to Hunan are mainly engaged in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, manufacturing, construction, electromechanical electronics, catering and service industries, accounting for 1 1.85%, 9.84%, 36.8 1%, 9.52% and14.3/kloc-respectively. The number of male migrant workers returning home is more than that of female migrant workers, accounting for 68.53% and 3 1.47% respectively. More people are over 35 years old, accounting for 60.84%, and those under 35 years old account for 39. 16%. Among the returning migrant workers, high school students and middle school students account for 48.03%, while college students only account for 13.33%, with more general workers than technicians.

The phenomenon of migrant workers returning to their hometowns for employment has attracted great attention in Hunan Province, and the provincial labor and social security department has launched a special investigation on this. According to the survey, it is estimated that about 30% of people in Guangdong and other provinces and cities will return to the province next year, that is, more than 2.8 million migrant workers will return to the province because they cannot find jobs.

Let the returning migrant workers find the "new rice bowl" again

The return of migrant workers will inevitably lead to a considerable number of migrant workers looking for jobs in the province, which will further increase the employment pressure of migrant workers in the province. Research shows that when economic growth slows down, the number of new jobs will decrease. From 2003 to 2007, the employment elasticity coefficient of our province was 0. 1 1 on average. Every one percentage point increase in economic growth rate, more than 40,000 new jobs were created in cities and towns. If the economic growth slows down, the employment pressure will increase.

"We will do everything possible to promote employment, do everything possible to stabilize employment and provide new employment opportunities for returning migrant workers," said Zhao Xiangping, director of the Provincial Department of Labor and Social Security.

At present, Hunan Province is stepping up the formulation and improvement of three policies and regulations to promote employment, so as to increase the number of jobs: (1) It will study and issue specific implementation opinions on implementing the Employment Promotion Law in our province; Study and introduce the policy of promoting employment and undertaking industrial transfer through entrepreneurship in our province; Aid policies to increase the employment of vulnerable groups.

At present, the measures that migrant workers should take to find jobs have been basically determined in the following aspects. First, strengthen the implementation of poverty alleviation training projects for poor rural families. Next year, according to the standard of per capita 1.000 yuan, we plan to invest 1.50 million yuan to provide vocational skills training for 1 .5 million rural poor families1labor force to help them transfer their jobs. The second is to increase assistance to rural zero-transfer employment families. It is planned to train 1 person for each family with zero transfer employment next year to help them realize transfer employment. In addition, we will intensify entrepreneurship training, plan to allocate 48 million yuan for entrepreneurship training, and strive to help 30,000 people to start businesses successfully next year, creating 6 jobs per capita, and driving more than 6,543,800 new jobs.

Increasing investment and stimulating economic growth are the most powerful means to create jobs. At present, the central government's ten measures to expand domestic demand and promote steady and rapid economic growth are being rapidly implemented. The province is planning investment projects, human resources, employment policies and capital supporting policies. Every time an investment project is added, the allocation of human resources should keep up. In this way, while promoting economic growth, it can also effectively promote employment simultaneously. It can be believed that with the steady development of the economy in the province and the increasing efforts to undertake the transfer of coastal industries in the province, the returning migrant workers will certainly be able to tide over the temporary difficulties and find a "new rice bowl" again.