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The railway guerrillas were anti-Japanese armed forces active in the Weishan Lake area of ??Zaozhuang, Shandong during the Anti-Japanese War. His legendary heroic deeds and influence have left a glorious chapter in the country and the world. The guerrilla group was established on January 25, 1940 under the order of the Sulu Detachment of the Eighth Route Army. It was called the "Shandong Railway Team" when it was established. The maximum number of personnel was more than 300. The Sulu detachment of the railway guerrillas appointed Hong Zhenhai as the captain, Du Jiwei as the political commissar, and Wang Zhisheng as the deputy captain. The railway team fought desperately with the Japanese and puppets on the hundreds of miles of railway line. The Japanese and puppets were frightened by the news. The railway team also successfully escorted leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan and more than a thousand anti-Japanese soldiers across the border. He was praised by General Xiao Hua as "a sword in his arms and a dagger in his sleeves"! There are also novels, movies and TV series of the same name.

The Railway Guerrillas are a heroic anti-Japanese armed force led by the Communist Party of China and belong to the "115th Division Sulu Detachment" of the Eighth Route Army. With Xuecheng as the center, the team swung its weapons along hundreds of miles of railway lines and haunted vast mountains and lakes. Relying on the masses, it carried out guerrilla tactics and fought bloody battles with the Japanese invaders, playing the strongest voice for national salvation. They intercepted military columns, attacked foreign companies, looted trains, and blew up bridges. They defeated the Japanese and puppet troops and made the Shandong anti-Japanese base area safe.

The illustrated manuscript of "Railway Guerrilla" by Chen Yuxian (15 photos) Consolidate and develop. They opened up channels from Central China and Shandong to Yan'an, and escorted leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, Chen Yi, Luo Ronghuan, Xiao Hua and more than a thousand commanders and soldiers to safely cross the border to Yan'an under a hail of bullets and dangerous situations. After seven years of ups and downs, they have always stood at the forefront of the fight against the Japanese invaders. The legendary heroes and their shocking and ghostly deeds are the richest and most magnificent human resources in the history of Xuecheng. It was disbanded and merged into the East China Field Army in 1945.

The prototype of the railway guerrillas - the Zaozhuang Intelligence Station of the Sulu People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Corps made an extraordinary move

Zaozhuang is one of the most important energy towns in eastern China. Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhongxing Company, the largest Chinese-owned coal mine in the country, was located here. In May 1938, after the Japanese army occupied Zaozhuang, they stationed a regiment of troops here and began to plunder the place wildly.

At that time, after the Sulu People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Corps moved to the Baodugu mountainous area, due to the lack of intelligence

Railway guerrilla screenshots (19 photos), they often encountered the enemy, which made the troops Suffered considerable losses. In order to grasp the enemy's dispatch in a timely manner, the Corps selected two platoon leaders, Hong Zhenhai and Wang Zhisheng, to establish an anti-Japanese intelligence station in Zaozhuang.

Hong Zhenhai’s brother-in-law is a train driver. It was this opportunity that enabled Hong Zhenhai to quickly learn to drive a train and be able to get on and off the train at a speed of 40 kilometers per hour. After the Japanese army occupied Zaozhuang, 25-year-old Hong Zhenhai gave up his livelihood of stealing coal on the railway. Under the introduction of a Communist Party member, he and his friend Wang Zhisheng joined the Sulu People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Corps.

After Hong Zhenhai lurked in Weishan Lake, he quickly established a secret intelligence station near the train station, and sent Wang Zhisheng as a porter to break into the Japanese-run "Shotai Yang".

One day in August 1939, a train loaded with Japanese troops entered Zaozhuang Station. Wang Zhisheng quickly reported this abnormal phenomenon to Hong Zhenhai. Hong Zhenhai judged that the target of the Japanese army's additional troops in Zaozhuang was most likely the Anti-Japanese Volunteer Corps in the mountains. While he notified the corps to move quickly, he considered how to effectively contain the Japanese army.

The "Zhengtai Yangxing" south of the train station attracted Hong Zhenhai's attention. On the surface, this small courtyard looks very ordinary, but privately, it is responsible for collecting military intelligence in southern Shandong, especially in the mountainous base areas. Destroying it would knock out the eyes of the Japanese army in southern Shandong. However, Hong Zhenhai and Wang Zhisheng did not bring enough weapons when they sneaked into Zaozhuang. They boldly decided to use kitchen knives that every household had to attack foreign companies.

The next day, the Japanese army was shocked by the three corpses in the foreign bank. So, they interrupted the sweep operation and started a city-wide manhunt. However, at this time, Hong Zhenhai and others had moved to the mountains to hide, and Wang Zhisheng was busy carrying the bodies under the command of the Japanese.

Since then, the intelligence station has successively sent a series of intelligence to the mountains. Hong Zhenhai felt that guns were what they needed most.

Wang Zhisheng, who was still working in a foreign company, accidentally discovered a gun while loading and unloading Japanese military cargo, so he cleverly marked it and quickly notified Hong Zhenhai. One night in October 1939, when the train loaded with guns slowly pulled out of the station, Hong Zhenhai, who had been ambushing beside the railway for a long time, jumped onto the train...

While Hong Zhenhai was firing guns, the Eighth Route Army The main force of the 115th Division also entered the Baodugu mountainous area in southern Shandong. The Sulu People's Anti-Japanese Volunteer Corps that originally operated here was reorganized into the Sulu Detachment of the 115th Division, and its nature was also upgraded from a local armed force to a regular force.

The Eighth Route Army carefully built the Zaozhuang Railway Team composed of unemployed workers and vagrants. The original reckless heroes began a special operations career that frightened the enemy

In November 1939, Hong Zhenhai summoned six A die-hard brother secretly formed a team based on the Zaozhuang Intelligence Station. Because it mainly operates on railway lines, Hong Zhenhai named it "Zaozhuang Railway Team". This was perhaps the only guerrilla group operating on the railway in China at that time.

In February of the following year, the Sulu detachment officially placed the railway team under its direct control. At the same time, Hong Zhenhai was appointed captain of the railway team, Wang Zhisheng was deputy captain, and Du Jiwei, deputy instructor of the third battalion, was appointed political commissar.

At this time, the railway team has grown to more than 20 members, most of whom are unemployed workers and vagrants. They have both a brave side and a side with poor organizational discipline. In Zaozhuang, which was heavily guarded by the Japanese army, Du Jiwei was particularly worried about the disorganized state of the railway team, and he was determined to rectify the team. After the training, the military and political qualities of the team members have fundamentally changed. The railway team began to move towards Lincheng, openly displaying the banner of "Eighth Route Army Lunan Railway Team". The Lunan Railway Team's elusive surprise attack on the Japanese invaders on the Linzao Line and interception of military goods also affected the poor people on the Jinpu Road who "lived on two lines". Some of them organize more than ten people, and some organize twenty or thirty people, and they all call themselves "Railway Team." The larger ones include the Sun Maosheng Department (Linan Xishan Railway Team) operating in the south of Lincheng and the Tian Guangrui Department (Linbei Railway Team) operating in the north of Lincheng. These two railway teams accepted the leadership of the Petengbian County Committee of the Communist Party of China through the efforts of our underground workers. The remaining ministries were attracted by the local armed forces of the Kuomintang and were quickly eaten by the enemy. After the Lunan Railway Team moved from the Linzao Line to the Lincheng area of ??Jinpu Road, they often cooperated with the two railway teams operating there and established friendship. In July 1940, in order to facilitate the unified leadership and command of these three armed forces with the same nature, the Sulu detachment, after consultation with the Petengbian County Committee of the Communist Party of China, merged these three railway teams into the Lunan Railway Brigade , Hong Zhenhai and Wang Zhisheng served as captains and deputy captains, and Du Jiwei served as political commissar. The original Lunan Railway Team was the first squadron, with Xu Guangtian as the squadron leader; the Linnan Railway Team was the second squadron, with Sun Maosheng as the squadron leader; the Linbei Railway Team was the third squadron, with Tian Guangrui as the squadron leader. At the same time, unemployed railway workers in Lincheng were organized into a raiding team, responsible for disrupting railway traffic; farmers on both sides of the railway were organized into a cover team, responsible for intercepting trains and lifting cargo. After the co-organization, each squadron still mainly carried out scattered activities, and the brigade leaders mostly followed one squadron. From then on, the Lunan Railway brigade entered a period of great development. At this time, the Taizao branch line, Linzao branch line and the Hanzhuang to Jiehe section of the Jinpu Railway have become places where the railway team often frequents to attack the enemy and intercept supplies.

Famous Combat Examples

Seizing drugs on the fly and cleverly intercepting cloth carts

In July 1941, the Japanese invaders launched the second security strengthening campaign. The anti-Japanese base areas in the mountainous areas of southern Shandong were "mopping up". The main force of the southern Shandong Military Region was short of medicines due to long-term operations. Zhang Guangzhong, commander of the Lunan Military Region, and Wang Lushui, political commissar, ordered the railway brigade to find ways to obtain medicines. One day in October, Song Bangzhen, the internal line officer at Lincheng Station, got important information: a truck carrying medicines would drive from Qingdao to Lincheng, and then drive south. The railway brigade took action immediately and was ready to seize the medicine. At 10 o'clock that night, the train left Lincheng Station. The guerrillas jumped on the train and found the car containing the medicines. The train drove between Shagou and Tanghu Stations. The soldiers quickly lifted off the medicines and carried them away by the ambush team members. . This time, the police seized more than 30 boxes of various medicines, a batch of injections for horses, and 4 microscopes. The Railway Brigade transported these medicines to the Lunan Military Region in time.

In order to solve the problem of winter clothing for the Lunan Army troops, in early November, the Railway Brigade, the Yunhe Detachment, the Tengpei Brigade, and the Weishan Lake Guerrillas jointly operated and successfully intercepted the Japanese cloth train near Tanghu East Station. .

The *** intercepted 1,200 pieces of cotton cloth, more than 500 sets of military uniforms, 200 suitcases, more than 100 satin quilts, one bag each of woolen cloth and blankets, 4 microscopes, 2 electric stoves, and mobilized hundreds of people from more than a dozen villages along the lake. Celebrities helped carry it. After the Japanese troops in Lincheng and Xuzhou found out, they dispatched armored vehicles and cars towards Tanghu Station. It was blocked by guerrillas and pikemen. The Japanese army could not figure out the situation and encountered heavy fog, so they did not dare to pursue rashly. The guerrillas hid these supplies in the lake, and later the Lunan Military Region sent a cavalry company to transport them to the mountains.

Capture the thief first, capture the king first, the railway team eradicated Gao Gang, the leader of the Japanese special reconnaissance team

In 1940, the Japanese 32nd Division and the 10th Independent Brigade *** assembled 50,000 people The Japanese and puppet troops conducted a large-scale mopping up operation in the Baodugu Mountain area where the 115th Division was located.

The scene after the victory of the railway team. Hong Zhenhai led the railway team to quickly launch operations according to the orders of his superiors: in May, he attacked the Japanese "Chint International Corporation" again, killing 13 Japanese intelligence personnel; in June, he attacked the Japanese army's deposit train, more than 80,000 yuan in French currency was seized; in August, the Hanzhuang section of the Jinpu Railway was damaged, causing a Japanese troop train to derail; in September, 1.5 kilometers of railway track from Zaozhuang to Lincheng was demolished, and more than 100 telephone poles were cut off. This paralyzed the communications and transportation of the Japanese army in Zaozhuang at the same time.

Luo Ronghuan, political commissar of the 115th Division, said in his commendation letter to the railway team: You are like a steel knife inserted into the enemy's chest.

A series of actions by the railway team aroused high alertness from the Japanese army. The Japanese army urgently established armored train brigades and railway guard brigades in Zaozhuang and Lincheng. The Japanese army also specially transferred Gao Gang, the chief of the Special High School Division, from Jinan to form the Fifth Special Reconnaissance Team in Lincheng.

Gao Gang is a China expert. Not only can he speak Chinese fluently, but he also has a good understanding of Chinese customs and people. He used the very Chinese folk methods of worshiping brothers and recognizing relatives, so that more than 50 township security chiefs near Lincheng became sworn brothers with him, thus establishing his own intelligence network; on the other hand, he used him to command The special operations team disguised itself as a fake railway team and went to people's homes at night and knocked on the door. As soon as the people opened the door, they were caught and they were said to be having an affair. So when the real railway team came and knocked on the door, the people couldn't tell the difference. True or false, I dare not open the door. For a time, the railway team didn't even have a place to breathe and rest.

Facing the Japanese army's pressing steps, captain Hong Zhenhai thought of an old saying: To capture the thief, capture the king first. One night, the railway team was divided into four groups, disguised as Japanese soldiers and porters, and sneaked into Lincheng Station. At 10 o'clock, Liu Jinshan and others, the first team member responsible for the attack mission, arrived at Gaogang's door. Liu Jinshan shot Gao Gang's guard to death with the first shot. Gao Gang was lying there writing. When he heard the gunshot and raised his head, Liu Jinshan shot Gao Gang with his second shot, hitting him right on the head.

Gao Gang's death had the effect of shaking off the mountain and causing the espionage network he had worked so hard to build to collapse.

A secret passage between the New Fourth Army and Yan'an was established, and Liu Shaoqi and others safely crossed the blockade

After the Wannan Incident, the headquarters of the New Fourth Army moved to the Yancheng area of ??Jiangsu. Due to the inconvenience of communication, there is an urgent need to open a secret passage to Yan'an. After repeated inspections, a secret route from Yancheng to the north, through the southeast and west of Shandong to Yan'an was finally determined. Among them, the most critical one is to cross the Jinpu Railway near Lincheng. The escort task for this period fell on the shoulders of the railway team.

In the summer of 1942, the railway team on standby suddenly received a notice from the Lunan Military Region, asking them to escort a work team through the Jinpu Railway. At the same time, the military region also specifically instructed: There was a person in the work team code-named "0 The leader of the "number" must ensure his absolute safety.

In the evening, Chief No. 0, who was wearing a robe and a top hat, successfully arrived at the east side of the Jinpu Railway near Jizhuang under the cover of the railway team. Since the puppet army work had been done in advance, the atmosphere along the way seemed very calm.

After Chief No. 0 arrived at the location of the 115th Teacher and Educational Brigade safely, he took a telegram, and the final signature was "Liu Shaoqi." Only then did everyone realize that Chief No. 0 was such an important person!

Since escorting Liu Shaoqi across the railway, the railway team has successfully escorted party and government cadres such as Chen Yi, Xiao Hua, Luo Ronghuan and others across the Jinpu Railway. From 1942 to 1944, the railway team escorted nearly a thousand cadres to and from Yan'an without making a single mistake, and was commended by the Lunan Military Region.

Having the courage to pursue the poor bandits and force the stubborn enemies to submit, the 23-year-old political commissar of the railway team became the surrendered officer of more than 1,000 Japanese troops

On August 15, 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. In Nanjing, Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army in China Okamura Neiji submitted a letter of surrender.

Railway Guerrilla Group Sculptures At the same time, Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, ordered the Japanese troops in North and East China to immediately lay down their weapons and surrender to the anti-Japanese armed forces there. However, after several negotiations, the Japanese troops stationed in Lincheng always refused to surrender their weapons to the railway team. The only route the Japanese army could choose to break out of the encirclement was to take a train south along the Jinpu Railway to Xuzhou. When the armored train riding on the remaining Japanese troops quietly left Lincheng Station at night and drove to the sand ditch south of Lincheng, they found that the railway in front had been destroyed. When they tried to return to Lincheng, the railway team had laid a trap in advance. The explosives were fired, and the Japanese army's retreat was also cut off. After being isolated and starving for three days, the Japanese army could no longer hold on and had no choice but to surrender to the railway team.

In October 1945, more than 1,000 Japanese troops in Zaozhuang and Lincheng surrendered to the railway team carrying 8 heavy machine guns, more than 130 light machine guns, two mountain cannons and other light and heavy weapons. The person who came forward to accept the surrender of the Japanese commander in Lincheng on behalf of the railway team was Zheng Ti, who had just succeeded as political commissar and was only 23 years old.