Entrepreneurship policies in the eyes of eight college student makers

Entrepreneurship policies in the eyes of eight college student makers

Entrepreneurial young people know best whether support policies are good or not.

Visited many entrepreneurial college students in Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shandong and other places to listen to their entrepreneurial voices. Young entrepreneurs reported that although the central and local governments attach great importance to and support entrepreneurship, some local support policies have phenomena such as "emphasis on the two ends but not the middle" and "emphasis on hardware but not the team". Some support funds "see "It's hard to get it," and the financial and labor costs of startups continue to rise.

These highly entrepreneurial college students appealed for the hope that various localities can further optimize the entrepreneurial environment, lower the threshold for entrepreneurship, encourage more college students to participate in entrepreneurship and succeed in entrepreneurship, inject vitality into the economy, and create more jobs.

Supportive policies “focus on the two ends and neglect the middle”

After graduating from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2009, Miao Ke entered COMAC to engage in engineering maintenance. In 2013, Miao Ke, who had always had the idea of ????starting a business, resigned and went to work with several university classmates, and registered and established Nanjing Guanlani Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., determined to carve out a niche in the emerging field of Internet medical rehabilitation.

In the past two years, the company has successively obtained two international EU CE and ROSH environmental certifications, and entered the field of medical informatization and equipment with high industry thresholds. At present, the company's cooperative agents are located in more than ten provinces and cities including Jiangsu, Shandong, and Beijing, with sales of nearly 10 million yuan last year.

"At present, the state and local governments are paying more and more attention to college students' entrepreneurship, and there are many various support policies, but generally there is a phenomenon of 'emphasis on the two ends and neglecting the middle'." In the view of this 30-year-old entrepreneur, when college students start entrepreneurship In the incubation stage, there are many support policies from local governments and universities, such as providing thousands to tens of thousands of start-up funds, free office space, etc.

“Once the entrepreneurial project develops and expands, local governments and banks are more optimistic, policies will come, and funds will come.” Miao Ke said, “But the middle stage of the company’s initial development is the most difficult, and sales orders What followed was an acute shortage of working capital. At this time, it was difficult to obtain bank loans due to the lack of mortgages. "

"The success rate of college students from 0 to 1 is relatively high, but the success rate from 1 to 10 is relatively high. It’s very difficult and the success rate is extremely low.” Like many entrepreneurial college students, Wang Mingyu, a graduate of Shandong Zaozhuang University, chose e-commerce to start a business. Currently, the company operates multiple Taobao and Tmall stores for pet clothing, children's skin care products, etc., and its sales network is rapidly expanding.

Wang Mingyu said that company development requires a lot of funds and talents, and the team has also come into contact with a lot of social capital. However, most venture capital funds are willing to "add icing on the cake" and rarely "provide help in times of need." "Moreover, many funds have too stringent requirements for equity, which keeps many entrepreneurs away."

Some entrepreneurial college students reported that the current support policy "emphasizes hardware over teams" and many entrepreneurial buildings have been built, but the real There are not many benefits and improvements for entrepreneurial teams.

After graduating from college last year, Meng Lili, a post-90s generation from Jiangsu, founded his own wall painting and mural studio. In the past six months, the studio has recruited nine junior students, and sales have reached more than 200,000 yuan.

Meng Lili said that the biggest bottlenecks in studio development are, first, expanding the market, and second, attracting professional talents. But the real dilemma is that it is difficult for small and micro enterprises to retain talents, and some employees often move to large companies after gaining experience. At present, most of the support policies for college students to start their own businesses focus on "hardware", such as free rent, but support for "software" such as employee training and social security subsidies is still relatively weak.

The weak protection of patented products has also restricted the development of some very creative college student entrepreneurial projects. Zou Tianlang, a junior majoring in business administration at Guangdong Vocational and Technical College of Posts and Telecommunications, and several classmates specialize in the design and development of sexy products. They searched for manufacturers on the Internet and designed various new products full of creativity. They quickly established their brands and won room for development.

“But hot-selling new products are quickly copied by others, and you can’t do anything to see your ideas being plagiarized.” Zou Tianlang said that the current domestic intellectual property protection is too weak. As they had just started their business, they didn’t even have time to register and apply, and they didn’t have the energy to get entangled in legal proceedings. Therefore, these young makers can only spend more energy on the development of new products and "fight for speed" with plagiarists.

Small loans are “difficult to implement on the wall”

Lu Yuanming graduated from Jiangsu Changzhou Information Vocational and Technical College, and his hometown is Lianyungang Ganyu. The local willow weaving industry is developed, but most of the products are sold abroad through foreign trade companies, and the villagers only earn handwork fees.

In December 2013, he saw that the domestic market for willow weaving was blank, so he registered and established Changzhou Zaihai Yifang E-Commerce Co., Ltd. to help the villagers get rich through the "e-commerce farmer" model. Last year the company's sales reached more than 1 million yuan.

When talking about the experience of applying for an entrepreneurial subsidy, this classmate, who saw him as "Brother Liu Bian", shook his head. In May and June 2014, Lu Yuanming and his entrepreneurial partners went to the district Human Resources and Social Security Bureau to apply for a one-time entrepreneurial subsidy of 2,000 yuan. They worked hard for more than a week and made five trips back and forth. However, because "my household registration is out of town" , and ultimately did not receive this subsidy. "You need local household registration and more than a dozen official seals. Why is it so troublesome to apply for an entrepreneurial subsidy?" he said.

In addition to the harsh application conditions and cumbersome procedures, some preferential policies are not in line with the actual situation and are difficult for ordinary entrepreneurial college students to enjoy.

After graduating from Harbin University, Zhao Yufu and his friends founded an international trading company to produce and sell high-performance advertising and exhibition equipment. The 26-year-old young entrepreneur said that one of the country's preferential policies is to "pay first and then repay" social security for employees of companies founded by college students, but the basic condition is that employees must pay social security for more than one year. However, most of the businesses founded by college students are small and micro enterprises with high employee turnover, so it is difficult to enjoy this preferential policy.

At present, the cost of social security continues to increase, accounting for 1/4 or even 1/3 of employees’ wages. "We are now in a dilemma. Not paying social security for employees is not allowed by law and will aggravate employee turnover; if we pay social security, the cost will rise year by year, and we will not be able to enjoy preferential policies." Zhao Yufu said.

In interviews, many college students reported that although many places have introduced preferential loan policies for entrepreneurship, it is difficult to implement them in practice.

Wang Hui, the head of Jiangsu Huacui Art Design Co., Ltd., registered an advertising company while in college. Within four or five years, the company’s sales exceeded 10 million, and it also created employment for more than 30 college students. However, at the most difficult time of starting a business, Wang Hui and his four entrepreneurial partners only had 50 yuan for food a week and could only eat pancakes every meal.

"College students will encounter many difficulties when starting a business, and lack of funds is the most common situation." Wang Hui said that some small preferential loans for college students to start a business "look very good." However, when entering the operation stage, banks always require corresponding mortgages, which is precisely what most college student entrepreneurial enterprises lack.

How to solve the shortage of funds? Wang Hui revealed to reporters the "trick" of entrepreneurial college students: apply for multiple credit cards in different banks, which can solve thousands to tens of thousands of working capital every month. "I have applied for credit cards with a limit of RMB 80,000 to RMB 150,000 at several banks. Through credit card rotation, I can provide more than RMB 100,000 in working capital every month." When he said this, Wang Hui was helpless.

Policy funds should be more effective

Many young entrepreneurs believe that college students have different types of entrepreneurship and have different needs for different projects and different stages of development. Relevant departments cannot simply ignore them. Instead of formulating support policies, policies should be implemented in categories to improve the efficiency of the use of funds and policies.

For example, support funds for different types of entrepreneurial projects should be different. Miao Ke said that the same support fund of 100,000 yuan may be too much for a college student opening an online store. But for an entrepreneurial college student engaged in equipment manufacturing, it may only be a drop in the bucket.

Generally speaking, asset-heavy entrepreneurship has a much greater demand for funds than asset-light entrepreneurship. It is recommended that relevant departments tilt support funds towards asset-heavy entrepreneurship projects.

In view of the common lack of entrepreneurial funds for college students, Wang Mingyu and many others suggested that a financing platform can be established to provide credit guarantees based on scientific evaluation to help entrepreneurial college students relieve financial pressure.

Another example is that support policies for different types of entrepreneurial projects at different stages of development should have different priorities. Zou Tianlang, Wang Hui and others believe that creative entrepreneurship such as mobile apps starts quickly, but the promotion stage faces pressures on funds, channels, etc., while entrepreneurial projects such as e-commerce have higher requirements for innovative marketing models, intellectual property protection, etc., so Supportive policies should also be focused.

Moreover, the needs of college students’ entrepreneurship are different at different stages such as incubation, start-up, and development. All localities should also strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial mentor teams to provide entrepreneurial teams with more detailed and specific guidance to help them avoid making mistakes. Make mistakes and avoid detours.

Financial and labor costs remain high and have become a bottleneck for college students to start their own businesses. Wang Jian, general manager of Changzhou Futanen International Trade Co., Ltd. and a college student born in the 1990s, said that the country has relevant export tax rebate policies, but if you want to apply for export tax rebates, you not only have to purchase a set of financial and tax equipment worth 5,800 yuan, but also pay annual The service fee of more than 1,000 yuan is a heavy burden.

Because of ignorance of tax policies, Wang Jian’s company was fined several hundred yuan in taxes last year. "For college student entrepreneurship projects like ours that are in the initial growth stage, can the state's tax reduction amount be further relaxed?" he said.

Focus on supporting entrepreneurial projects with high technological content and good market prospects to amplify the entrepreneurial demonstration effect. Many entrepreneurial college students believe that the demonstration effect of a company founded by a college student going public is far greater than that of 10 or even 100 entrepreneurial projects. However, there is a "pepper-sprinkling" phenomenon in current support funds. Instead of supporting 10 general projects to 10, it is better to support one high-quality project to 100. ;