What's the difference between professional qualification and professional qualification?

What is "professional qualification"? What is "professional qualification"?

I think many people, like me, are very vague about this concept. We may be even more confused when we see that the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Personnel decide to implement the "qualification system for employees" and conduct "grade examinations".

To this end, I specially searched some websites, including: Baidu; Google; Yahoo; Tsinghua Online; The related websites of the Ministry of Vocational Qualification Training and Construction have preliminarily understood the related concepts and meanings. Now I want to report my own experience:

I. Basic concepts

Vocational qualification is the basic requirement of knowledge, technology and ability necessary to engage in a certain occupation.

Professional qualifications include professional qualifications and professional qualifications.

Vocational qualification refers to the starting point standard of knowledge, technology and ability of a certain occupation (type of work);

Vocational qualification is the government's access control to some professions with great responsibility and strong social universality, which is related to the interests of the public. It is an essential standard of knowledge, technology and ability to practice independently or engage in a specific profession according to law. Practice qualification shall be registered.

Second, the vocational qualification system with China characteristics.

The vocational qualifications we are talking about now still have the characteristics of the planned economy in the past.

In the past, professional qualification was originally called workers' technical level, which was a sequence of workers under the old system and was managed by the Ministry of Labor.

The full name of the professional title is that the professional and technical qualifications belong to the cadre sequence under the old system and are managed by the Ministry of Personnel.

Practicing qualification is a certificate that the state provides for special industry qualification access, that is, you can't engage in this industry without this certificate. This qualification is managed by the competent departments of the industry, such as the qualification of doctors to the Ministry of Health, the qualification of pharmacists to the Food and Drug Administration, and the qualification of accountants to the Ministry of Finance. Technicians are professional qualifications, not professional qualifications.

With the merger of the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has become a new country. The new "professional qualification" has begun to return to its original intention.

Third, the level of professional qualifications and professional qualifications.

Vocational qualification certificates are divided into five grades: national vocational qualification level 5 (primary), national vocational qualification level 4 (intermediate), national vocational qualification level 3 (advanced), national vocational qualification level 2 (technician) and national vocational qualification level 1 (senior technician).

The so-called "professional title", that is, professional and technical qualifications, is divided into three levels: assistant engineer; Engineer; Senior engineer.

The so-called "senior engineer"; "Professor-level Senior Engineer" is not the official title series of the country.

But for other scientific research and teaching industries, the level and content of professional titles are more. For example: the teaching assistant of the school; Lecturer; Associate professor and professor; Associate researcher and researcher of scientific research unit; The attending doctor of the hospital; Deputy chief physician; And the chief physician, and so on.

Fourth: How many "professional qualifications" and "professional qualifications" are there in China?

This is a difficult question to answer. At one time, China's vocational qualification management was quite chaotic, and some departments and localities introduced their own management methods one after another, which led to the requirement of "holding posts with certificates" in all industries and jobs, and even people who repaired new cars and cleaned the streets had to hold posts with certificates.

The State Council Guofa [2007] No.73 (June 2007 12, about 3 1) issued the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Cleaning up and Standardizing Various Activities Related to Vocational Qualifications. The circular clearly stipulates that the work of clearing and standardizing professional qualifications shall be led by the personnel and labor security department of the State Council, and jointly organized and implemented by the competent departments of development and reform, public security, supervision, education, civil affairs, finance, industry and commerce.

How many qualifications are there now? I didn't see the authoritative statistics.

A netizen replied:

Cost Engineer Software Engineer Quality Engineer Electrical Engineer Safety Engineer

Supervision Engineer Civil Engineer Lighting Engineer Consulting Engineer Chemical Engineer

Financial database engineer, equipment engineer, environmental engineer, network security engineer.

System engineer, architectural engineer, environmental engineer, hardware engineer, electronic engineer, engineer.

PE Engineer Registered Structural Engineer Safety Engineer Sales Engineer Cost Engineer

Information system management engineer, public equipment engineer, 3G engineer, software testing engineer.

Structural Engineer Weak Current Engineer Public Equipment Engineer Communication Engineer EIA Engineer

Consulting engineer, supervision engineer, supervision engineer of Ministry of Communications, computer engineer.

Database System Engineer Electromechanical Engineer Quality Engineer System Integration Engineer

Recruitment of supervision engineer, testing engineer, packaging engineer, pre-sales engineer and registered chemical engineer.

Computer Engineer caxa Manufacturing Engineer Landscape Engineer Equipment Supervision Engineer

Network engineer, mechanical engineer, licensed physician, licensed pharmacist, practical nurse, etc. There are still many things to do. I don't want to fight when my hands are tired.

For those of us who do specific work, the regulations are relatively clear. As far as the qualifications of the director of the Ministry of Construction are concerned, they are mainly the following: architects, survey designers, urban planners, builders and cost engineers; Property manager and structural engineer.

Fifth: give an example.

Because of my limited understanding, this example may not be accurate. Please criticize and correct me.

Suppose there are three students: Zhang San; Li Si and Wu Wang graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering of Tianjin University in the same year.

In this way, their "academic qualifications" are all undergraduate graduates; All degrees are "bachelor"; "Major" is civil engineering.

In the future, they will stand out in different jobs. A few years later, they all got the title of senior engineer; This is called "professional qualification".

Zhang San, a department manager in a consulting company affiliated to Shanghai Architectural Design Institute, is mainly responsible for the compilation of bill of quantities, cost and calculation of "pre-tender estimate". He needs to pass the "cost engineer" exam of the Ministry of Construction and obtain the qualification of "registered cost engineer" before he can start his work.

Li Si came to a large construction company in Sichuan. He is mainly a "project manager" and has successfully completed many large-scale projects. To participate in the "builder" exam of the Ministry of Construction, and obtain the qualification of "registered builder". In the future, according to the regulations of the Ministry of Construction, only "builder" replaces "project manager" can he continue to play his role.

Wu Wang went to a "Zhongzihao" bidding company in Beijing to be the manager of the project bidding department. Before that, he worked in a large construction company for many years. It doesn't matter whether he is qualified to be a cost engineer or a supervisor. According to the documents of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Personnel, he will take the grade examination of the tendering units. After obtaining the qualification certificate of the tenderer's grade examination, in the future, according to the arrangement of the National Development and Reform Commission, if necessary, apply for and apply for (do not need to take the examination again) the registered tenderer's qualification certificate.