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Introduction of Yongtong Bridge in Zhao County, Hebei Province?
abstract
The shape of Yongtong Bridge is similar to that of the famous Anji Bridge, but the scale is slightly smaller than that of Anji Bridge, which is commonly known as "Little Stone Bridge". It was built in Jin Dynasty and Ming Dynasty (1190 ~1195). According to legend, Anji Bridge (Dashiqiao) was built by Lu Ban, and Xiaoshiqiao was built by Lu Ban's sister Lu Jiang. At that time, the two brothers and sisters competed for victory, which was limited to one night. My sister's craft is not as good as my brother's, so the bridge is built everywhere, and it is not finished at dawn. At this time, the fairy crossed the line and secretly helped. My sister actually hit my brother, and the bridge built was more beautiful than the bridge. Although this is only a myth and legend, it tells the respective characteristics and relations of the two bridges. Yongtong Bridge is a single-span open-shouldered arch. The whole bridge is composed of 2 1 longitudinal parallel arches. The span is about 26 meters, the sagittal shape is about 5.2 meters, and the bridge width is about 6.3 meters. There are four open-shouldered arch coupons on the big arch shoulder. There are 22 square watchposts on the bridge, and there are exquisite reliefs such as river gods, flying horses and swimming fish on the bridge body and railings. These images are very vivid, and most of them are relics from the second year of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty (1507). Because Yongtong Bridge is very beautiful, there are many inscriptions by scholars in previous dynasties.
On August 13, 2009, the main project of Yongtongqiao Park invested by Zhao County with more than 6 million yuan was basically completed. Relying on Yongtong Bridge, a national key protected cultural relic, the park has built seven functional areas and landscape areas, including Shiqiao Cultural Square, Natural Wild Interest Area and Wetland Landscape Area, so that people can learn about the long history and culture of Zhao County while enjoying leisure and entertainment. The park has been opened to the public free of charge.
In Zhao County, people are always willing to connect the two bridges. There is also a story about two brothers and sisters betting on building a bridge. Legend has it that Lu Ban and his sister Lu Jiang made a bet to build a bridge on the Weihe River in the south of the city and a bridge on the Qingshui River in the west. Luban built a big stone bridge, and Lu Jiang built a small stone bridge, and chickens crowed everywhere. Lu Jiang, an ingenious sister, finished it just after midnight. She secretly ran to her brother's construction site and saw that Lu Ban was still directing Tianding Shenfu in full swing. Then she slipped back and carved it on the railing according to the usual embroidery pattern. After everything was normal, I came to the south of the city again. When I saw that my brother hadn't built it yet, the naughty Jiang Lu played a joke. He couldn't help learning to crow, which caused the rooster to crow with him. At this time, Luban had just installed the last fence. Lu Ban looked at the sky and was relieved. He is still thinking about how he will be teased by his sister! This story adds legend to the two bridges.
If you carefully observe Yongtong Bridge, you will find that the stone carving patterns of Yongtong Bridge are really exquisite and worth pondering, which is very different from Zhao Zhouqiao. The patterns on the fence are mostly flowers and birds, landscapes and figures. Flower and bird patterns include peony, lotus, plum blossom, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, cross-stitch ball, pheasant phoenix and other folk auspicious patterns. These figures are historical stories. For example, in "Friends between Mountains and Waters", Yu Boya plays drums on the boat, and Zhong Ziqi stops to listen to firewood on the mountain, and the picture is vivid and delicate; There is also a story of the Three Kingdoms, "Guan Yu Ba Ling Bridge picks up robes". In the picture, Cao Cao led people to bid farewell to Guan Yu, and Guan Yu immediately went to Baling Bridge, waving a dragon crescent moon blade to provoke Cao Cao's robe. Guan Yu's reserve, arrogance and vigilance are the same as Cao Cao's helplessness. The coupons of the main arch and four small arches of the ancient bridge are engraved with high-relief water-absorbing animals, pinning the wish of preventing the stone bridge from being destroyed by water. There are fish on both sides of the small arch water-absorbing beast, which means there are fish every year. There is also a highly embossed head of the river god between the two small arches. In addition, the piers and abutments of the ancient bridge are also carved with designs such as Kirin, Pegasus, Tian Fei, King Kong Lux and Sun God, which are rare in the history of Chinese bridges. As for the story of the relief figures, there are even more bird and animal flower patterns on the bridge railings. These stone carvings are vigorous and simple, with different styles and interesting. Writing here, I suddenly remembered an interesting story when I was a child. At that time, older girls and young wives in their hometown were popular in making embroidered insoles and embroidered pillows. When they can't find a suitable pattern, the old people will tell them, "Let's draw one on the small stone bridge!" " As a result, women embrace each other with a smile and always return satisfied. Until now, there is a saying in Zhaoxian that "credit is seen on the big stone bridge, and flowers and plants are seen on the small stone bridge".
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