I want to know about the history of Yeluxian period of Qidan Dynasty.

Ye (948-982 AD) was the five emperors of Liao Dynasty in China. 14 years, died of illness at the age of 35, and was buried in Ganling (now Wu Jianshan, a doctor in Beizhen County, Liaoning Province). Ye Lu Xian was a relatively successful emperor in history. Due to her long illness, Queen Xiao Chuo is in charge of state affairs. In September 1982, he went hunting in Jing Zong and died in Jiao Shan, Yunzhou (near the old Great Wall in the northwest of Datong City, Shanxi Province, south of Fengzhen Town, Inner Mongolia). Prince Lu Ye Takashi succeeded to the throne, and Han Derang and Lu Ye Xie Zhen were ministers. Military affairs are ultimately decided by Xiao Huanghou. After Yeluxian died, posthumous title became Jing Zong.

Advantages and achievements

His reuse of Han officials was mainly in the period of Liao Dynasty. After Jing Zong acceded to the throne, Gao Xun, the Han minister who made him the throne, was first appointed as the Southern Privy Council, and then as the King of Qin. It turned out that Han Kuangsi, the son of Han Zhigu, an official of Han Dynasty, was appointed to stay in Beijing, and later was appointed to stay in Nanjing, sealing the crown prince. This shows that Liao has incorporated Han officials into the central government organization, because the position left in Nanjing has always been held by the Qidan nationality, which is an important position. The appointment of Han Kuang-si shows that the status of Han officials has been significantly improved.

Because of the reuse of Han officials, it greatly promoted the progress and efficiency of political institutions, and also promoted the feudalization of Qidan. From then on, Liao entered the ZTE period and began to move towards the heyday of Shengzong. It's like Tang Gaozu laid the cornerstone of Zhenguan rule, and Yong Zhengdi laid the cornerstone of Qianlong prosperous times.

In order to completely change the chaotic situation during the Mu Zong period, Jing Zong reformed the bureaucracy. He inquired about the way of governing the country from Han officials, studied the experiences and lessons of ancient and modern dynasties, and then applied them to the reform practice. In the process of implementation, Jing Zong clearly defined rewards and punishments, and boldly employed people, that is, "no one can doubt". This makes Guan Bai do his duty and dare not slack off. Many disadvantages of Mu Zong's period were quickly eliminated. In this way, with the concerted efforts of the monarch and ministers, politics began to show a clear atmosphere, and the national strength also rose, which was the main reason for winning the war with the Northern Song Dynasty.

Jing Zong's trainable history is also recorded. At the end of the year, Guo wrote to attack him and advised him to reduce the number of hunting trips, saying that Mu Zongshi was greedy for hunting and neglected politics, which led to great anger. After ten years of conquest, the political situation is still not completely stable. Despite the bumper harvest every year, the country's economy has not fully recovered. This is a good opportunity to make great efforts. However, I heard that your majesty is also obsessed with hunting, so you should exercise restraint to prevent Mu Zongshi's tragedy from repeating itself. Besides, there is a threat from the northern song dynasty in the south. If they hear that your majesty is obsessed with hunting, I'm afraid they will take the opportunity to go north again. I hope your majesty can exercise restraint in time, put the country first, and strive for the prosperity of the country and the safety of the officials and people.

Although it was not fully adopted after reading it, I still appreciated the attack on Guo. Because at this time, the Northern Song Dynasty has launched a campaign to recover Yanyun, and Jing Zong is fighting with all its strength. He only restrained his hunting activities, but he could only wait until later to devote himself to political construction.

Later, Jingdi died in Datong, Shanxi Province in September of the fourth year of Ganheng (982), at the age of 35, and was buried in Beining, Liaoning Province.

Jing Zong Yeluxian (948-982) succeeded to the throne in 969. He was the second son of Sejong in 13. After he ascended the throne, he established the inheritance system, which was the symbol of feudalism in Qidan society. Reuse the Han officials and abolish the malpractice system. There is a resurgence in Liao country, but the results are limited. He died in 982 at the age of 35.

The process of economic reform Liao Jingzong's governance of Liao country is also a process in which he learned the culture of Han nationality, summed up the experience of governance of Han nationality and put it into practice. It turns out that Emperor Taizong of Liao attached great importance to the development of agriculture. He not only supported the Han people to develop agriculture in Han areas, but also let people reclaim land and develop production in grassland areas suitable for agriculture. In order to protect agricultural production and prevent the Khitans from intentionally or unintentionally destroying agriculture, Liao ordered his men not to trample crops at will, and also ordered the troops to bypass farmland when marching. The development of agriculture has greatly promoted the economic development of Liao country, and also enhanced the national strength of Liao country. While developing agriculture, Liao continued to practice the policy of preserving Kyrgyzstan and recruiting talents, especially Han people. After obtaining sixteen states, a group of Han intellectuals were selected to manage the affairs of each state, among which there were many capable people. Liao Jingzong followed the example of Emperor Gaozu and asked his subordinates to recommend talented people to be officials. Later, the imperial edict was issued to recruit talents. If they really stand out in the evaluation, they can immediately occupy a high position. He also tried to absorb some etiquette of the Han nationality. For example, he abolished the old Qidan folk custom in the marriage system. The Khitans appointed as Han officials can freely marry the Han people according to the customs of the Han people, thus promoting the exchanges and further integration between ethnic groups and fundamentally strengthening the relationship between the Khitans and the Han people.

Nevertheless, the habits of the Khitan people cannot be fundamentally changed, especially when the Liao army was fighting in the south of the Central Plains. Because the Liao army had no logistical supplies, it had to solve the problem by itself. Therefore, when Liao soldiers arrived in a place, they would inevitably harass the people and rob food, which made the Liao army strongly resisted by Han Chinese. Without popular support, Liao's rule in the Central Plains will be unsustainable. Liao didn't wake up until after his death, but that was the past. In fact, even if he knew and took measures earlier, it would be impossible to change the long-term national habits in a short time. As a backward nomadic people, Qidan must be sinicized. Liao probably realized this before his death, but he didn't have a chance to put his lessons into practice.

war

First, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the Northern Han Dynasty.

This war was triggered by the Northern Song Dynasty attacking the Northern Han Dynasty. At this time, Emperor Jing Zong of Liao was carrying out internal reforms, adopting a defensive strategy against the Song Dynasty, and instructed his subordinate country, Northern Han, not to make trouble at will to maintain the status quo of the border.

Ye Image in Lecture Room

In 969 AD, Jing Zonggang ascended the throne, and Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin tried to destroy the Northern Han Dynasty, but they were defeated by the reinforcements of Liao. After making peace with Liao, he devoted his energy to the south. After the unification of Jiangnan, Song Taizu turned to destroy the Northern Han Dynasty. In September 976, Song Taizu sent Pan Mei and other generals to attack Taiyuan, the capital of the Northern Han Dynasty. The result was defeated by the resistance of the Northern Han Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty. 1 1 month, Song Taizu died and his younger brother Zhao Kuangyi acceded to the throne. This is Song Taizong.

In February 979, he personally led troops to crusade against the Northern Han Dynasty, and Liao also sent troops to rescue him. As a result, when the Liao army crossed the river, Song Jun defeated the Liao army and killed five Liao soldiers. In June, the Northern Han Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty.

Second, the battle of the sorghum river.

Just after the victory of destroying the Northern Han Dynasty, Song Taizong underestimated the power of Liao and tried to recover Yanyun. However, he rashly launched the war, was not prepared enough, and the result was a fiasco.

As soon as the Northern Han Dynasty perished, Song Taizong dispatched troops to Hebei to attack Nanjing (now Beijing) in Liaoning. His generals said that just after the war, there should be time to rest and prepare for war, and there is a shortage of food and grass, so it is difficult to support long-term operations. However, I feel that Liao has just lost the battle and its morale is low. We should pursue the victory and expand the results.

At the beginning of the war, it was very smooth. Yizhou secretariat offered the city to surrender, marched into Zhuozhou and accepted the surrender without bloodshed. Song Jun's soldiers pointed at Nanking. Song Jun and Yelvsidi, Liao generals guarding Nanking, fought in Shahe, and were defeated by Song Jun, who retreated to the north of Qinghe. Song Jun surrounded Nanking, but the Liao army could not hold on, waiting for reinforcements.

Jing Zong saw the emergency, so he sent the famous Yelvxiuge to rescue him. Yelvxiuge divided the army into two roads, each with only 5,000 men. He pretended to be the main force and went to Nanking to lure Song Jun into the war. And the main cavalry 30000 people, around the south at night, behind Song Jun, under his command, 30000 elite stormed Song Jun. The two sides fought fiercely in the area of Gaoliang River in southwest Beijing. As a result, Song Jun, caught between Scylla and Charybdis, retreated awkwardly, and Song Taizong fled alone. Only in Zhuozhou (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) did a donkey cart escape from the encirclement.

In the First World War, Song Jun suffered heavy losses and was greatly weakened.

Third, urban war.

Jing Zong was not satisfied with the victory of Liao army in the first world war of Gaolianghe. In order to report the siege of Nanjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, shortly after the Battle of Gaolianghe, he sent troops to crusade against the Northern Song Dynasty in September.

Yeluxian

In October, the armies of the two countries confronted each other in the city (now the city of Hebei).

At first, Song Jun arranged the troops into eight arrays according to Song Taizong's orders, and each array was a hundred paces apart, which made the foot soldiers very afraid and lost their fighting spirit. When Zhao climbed up the mountain, Song saw that the Liao army was connecting with the east and west, and there was no end in sight. So he said to Cui Han, who was in charge of the Eighth Array, "Your Majesty entrusted us with the management of border affairs in the hope that we could defeat the enemy. Now the enemy cavalry are lined up and eyeing, but we are scattered. What shall we do if the enemy launches a storm? " I think it's best to concentrate the soldiers in one place so that we can fight the enemy. Although we violated your majesty's order to divide our forces and deploy our forces, we still won the battle. Isn't this better than national subjugation and humiliation? "

Cui Han hesitated: "What if I can't win?"

Zhao said, "If a soldier loses his teacher, I will take full responsibility."

Cui Han still feels that he should not change the emperor's will without authorization. While hesitating, Li Jilong, the governor of the town and state, also persuaded Cui Han: "It's important to improvise when fighting. How to restrain yourself with the situation expected in advance? The crime of disobeying the imperial edict is borne by me alone. "

Cui Han listened to the words of the prison army, and made up his mind to change the way of disposal, and divided Song Jun into two arrays, echoing each other. The foot soldiers are also very happy, and their morale has recovered.

Before the decisive battle, Song Jun made a false surrender. Han Kuang-si, commander-in-chief of the Liao army, believed it and wanted to surrender. Brother Yelvxiuge, who accompanied him, quickly dissuaded him: "Song Jun's military appearance is neat and full of momentum, and he will definitely refuse to yield. This is to lure us into being cheated by false surrender. We should wait and see. "

Han Kuangsi didn't listen, ready to surrender and let his guard down. As a result, he was successfully raided by Song Jun, and the two armies jointly attacked the Liao army. Han Kuangsi rushed up to fight, but he couldn't resist Song Jun's powerful offensive, and the foot soldiers also lost their weapons and fled for their lives. Song Jun was stubbornly resisted by Yelvxiuge's 56-point attack in the pursuit and had to return, which saved the Liao army from extinction.

Fourth, the battle of Waqiao Pass.

In the second year of the city's decisive battle, in March of 980, the Liao army began to fight Song Jun again. Liao army besieged Yanmen (now Yanmenguan, Shanxi) with 100,000 troops, and Yang Ye, the secretariat of Song Dynasty, led the troops to defeat Liao army north of Yanmen. Yang Ye is Yang Jiye in the storytelling Yang Jiajiang. People call him invincible Yang. After defeating the Liao army this time, the Liao army heard Yang Ye's name and saw that it was the flag of Yang Ye, so it started to run and left in a hurry.

In October, Liao personally went to Nanjing and led the troops to cut the Song Dynasty. First, Waqiaoguan (now Old Nanguan, Xiongxian County, Hebei Province) was besieged, defeated by Yelvxiuge, who had already prepared for rescue in the Song Army, and Song Jun, led by Zhang Shi, the garrison commander, wanted to break through. Liao personally supervised the war, and Yelvxiuge also chickened out and personally commanded. Finally, he died and retired to the city.

Song Jun once again confronted the Liao army across the river, Yelvxiuge led elite cavalry to cross the river to fight Song Jun, Song Jun was defeated and retreated, and the Liao army chased Zhou Mo (now Renqiu, Hebei) and fought Song Jun. Song Jun suffered heavy losses and several soldiers were captured. The Liao army was also hit hard and could not win, so it had to retreat.

Yelvxiuge was promoted to Yu Yue of Liao State because of his outstanding achievements in the Battle of Waqiaoguan.

Two years after the decisive battle of Waqiaoguan, in April and May of 982, Liao personally led the troops to cut the Song Dynasty again. This is the second city war. Finally, he was defeated by Song general Cui and had to return. This is the last battle between Liao and Song Dynasty.

In September of that year, Liao arrived in Yunzhou (now Datong, Shanxi Province), fell ill while hunting in Xuanhua Mountain (now Hebei Province), and finally died in Jiao Shan (now northwest of Datong, Shanxi Province) on the way to Yunzhou.

After the death of Jing Zong, the twelve-year-old son Yelulongxu acceded to the throne, namely Liao Shengzong.