What does lacquer mean?

Introduction of Natural Lacquer: Also known as (National Lacquer, Raw Lacquer, Earth Lacquer, Wood Lacquer and Raw Lacquer).

Some raw lacquer producing areas are mainly distributed in China, such as Sichuan, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. Besides China, there are Korea, Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, zhina Peninsula and Iran.

Natural lacquer is one of the native products of our country, which comes from virgin forest and natural lacquer family. Natural lacquer is the natural lacquer sap cut from the lacquer tree artificially, which mainly contains high molecular urushiol, laccase, resin and water at night.

Known as China's' three treasures' (cutting down tree paint, silkworms spinning silk and bees making honey).

The application of natural lacquer painting has a long history and is famous at home and abroad. The Chinese nation, an ancient nation, has played a very good role in specific high-temperature resistant projects such as chemical industry, light industry and power plants.

The discovery and use of natural lacquer in China can be traced back to more than 7000 BC. According to historical records: "The use of lacquer began with bamboo slips, which were used as utensils, black lacquer as ritual vessels, Yu as black lacquer and Zhu as internal paintings.

"Zhuangzi in the World" has a record that "Guangxi is edible, so cut it, and paint is available, so cut it".

Raw lacquer has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, strength resistance, alkali resistance, moisture-proof insulation, high temperature resistance and dirt resistance.

Natural raw lacquer is also recognized as the "king of coatings" in the world.

Classification Natural raw lacquer can be divided into four categories: Maoba lacquer, Chengkou lacquer, Southwest lacquer and Northwest lacquer.

Maoba natural raw lacquer is produced in Enshi, Hubei Province, with high urushiol content, good film thickness and high viscosity.

Good brightness and dryness.

Chengkou natural raw lacquer is produced in Chengkou, Chongqing, with high laccase content, good brightness, strong sour smell and fast drying.

Natural small wood lacquer is produced in Ankang area, with high urushiol content, light sour taste, thin bleaching, good brightness and slow drying.

Sichuan natural raw lacquer is produced in Qingchuan and Pingwu, and grows in the mountainous area of about 1800 meters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The paint has strong sour taste, good brightness and good dryness.

Guizhou natural raw lacquer is produced in Bijie, Guizhou, with high urushiol content, high blackness, high viscosity and fast drying.

Ankang natural raw lacquer is produced in Ankang, Shaanxi, with high urushiol content, sour taste, good brightness and stable drying.

The origin characteristics of natural raw lacquer are mainly divided into: lacquer tree species, climate (Yinshan and Yangshan) and soil natural conditions are all related to lacquer quality.

1, the paint film has high heat resistance and good durability; 2. The paint film has good electrical insulation performance and certain radiation protection performance.

3. The paint film has good corrosion resistance, strong resistance, alkali resistance, solvent resistance, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance and stain resistance.

4. Disadvantages: the paint film has poor ultraviolet resistance and is allergic to individual human skin.

5, the paint film has excellent physical and mechanical properties, the paint film is hard, and the hardness of the paint film reaches (0.65-0.89 paint film value/glass value).

The paint film has high wear resistance, bright luster, bright elegance and strong adhesion.

The chemical component coating can be directly coated on an object, and the obtained paint film is hard, water-resistant, moisture-resistant, oil-resistant, organic solvent-resistant, good in insulation, resistant to soil bacterial corrosion and shiny; However, the drying (curing) speed of paint is slow, and it is easy to cause skin allergy before curing. Moreover, the paint film is dark in color, fragile, poor in solar radiation resistance and poor in alkali resistance and strong oxidant resistance.

In the paint industry, few people directly use paint, which has been used for painting palaces, temples, cars, boats, coffins and household appliances in history.

Lacquer is a natural water-in-oil liquid, and its composition is very complicated, and it varies from place to place. It is generally composed of urushiol, laccase, resin and water.

① Urushiol paint is a homologous mixture of alkyl-substituted catechols. In its typical structural formula, R is alkane, olefin, conjugated diene or unconjugated diene and triene containing C 15 ~ C 17.

The greater the degree of unsaturation of R, the more double bonds containing * * * yoke, and the better the quality of the paint.

Urushiol is soluble in organic solvents and vegetable oils, but insoluble in water. It is the main film-forming substance of raw lacquer, and its content is generally 40% ~ 70%.

② Laccase is an oxidase with special structure, and its content in raw lacquer is about 10%, which can promote the oxidation and polymerization of raw lacquer. This is an organic desiccant. The suitable drying conditions of laccase are: temperature 40℃, relative humidity 80% and pH6.7.

In addition, laccase is widely found in other plants, which is very important for making black tea and tobacco fermentation.

(3) Gum is a polysaccharide compound, which can make all components (including water) in raw lacquer form uniform gum, and its content is generally 3.5% ~ 9%, which will affect the viscosity and quality of raw lacquer.

④ The water content in paint with high water content is generally 20% ~ 40%, which is the dispersed phase of liquid and plays an important role in laccase drying. The water content of refined paint must also be 4% ~ 6%.

Modification In order to overcome the slow drying speed of paint and easily cause skin allergy, and improve some properties of paint film, paint is generally used after modification.

There are three kinds of common paints: ① Oily paints are made of paints and cooked tung oil or linseed oil and maleic anhydride resin. Color pigments can be made by adding pigments, which are mainly used for painting handicrafts and wooden furniture.

(2) Refined paint, also known as bright paint, is made of large paint by heating and dehydration or adding iron hydroxide (or a small amount of maleic anhydride resin). The paint film is as bright as a mirror, and it is mainly used for finishing special handicrafts and advanced wood products.

The refined urushiol varnish made from raw lacquer through heating, dehydration, activation and polycondensation has little irritation and is convenient for construction. Mainly used for anticorrosion coating of petrochemical equipment and acid-resistant surfaces.

(3) The modified coating is formed by the reaction of urushiol extracted twice with resin and vegetable oil, which is non-toxic, corrosion-resistant and good in construction.

Common varieties include urushiol formaldehyde varnish and urushiol epoxy anticorrosive coating. Mainly used for anticorrosion coating in petrochemical industry.

The ancients had two methods: one was to add ink smoke to the paint, which was dark but had dregs; Secondly, when rust water is mixed into the paint, urushiol reacts with iron oxide, and after being evenly mixed, it is brushed on the object, and the color is as deep as ink.

The black paint obtained by this method is also called black paint and black paint.

Used in traditional furniture, it is called jet when polished and ebony when polished.

Lacquer is a natural lacquer, which is non-toxic. But some people are allergic to it, and even get a rash when they smell it. In this case, the old masters will say that they have been bitten by it. It's actually an allergic reaction to it.

In the world of furniture, artificial paint is colorful and rich in color, but it is not as good as big paint in terms of non-toxicity, durability and acid and alkali resistance.

Lacquer, the king of lacquer, is a treasure endowed by nature to mankind. It has been widely used in all aspects of life for thousands of years, and traditional furniture is still in full bloom in the garden of classical furniture.

The primer of lacquer painting is also big paint.

Since ancient times, the application of natural lacquer painting has a long history and is famous at home and abroad. The ancient Chinese nation has been discovering and utilizing natural lacquer since ancient times. People have known the properties of natural raw lacquer since the Neolithic Age and applied it. According to historical records, "the use of lacquer began with bamboo slips, but Shun used it as a food container, black lacquer, and Yu used it as a ritual vessel, coated with black lacquer".

"Zhuangzi in the World" records that "cinnamon is edible, so cut it, and lacquer is available, so cut it".

Natural raw lacquer has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, moisture-proof insulation, high temperature resistance and dirt resistance.

Natural raw lacquer is also recognized as the "king of coatings" in the world.

The origin of ancient lacquerware in China.

Household utensils, handicrafts, art, etc. It is made by coating the surfaces of various utensils with natural lacquer, which is generally called "lacquerware".

Can also be prepared with different colors of paint, radiant.

In China, since the Neolithic Age, the performance of lacquer has been recognized and used to make utensils.

From the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the lacquer craft in China has been developing continuously, reaching a fairly high level.

China's gold-plating and gold-tracing handicrafts have a far-reaching impact on equal places.

Lacquerware is an important invention of ancient arts and crafts in China.

In the Neolithic Age, a wooden bowl was unearthed in the third cultural layer of Hemudu culture in Yuyao River, Zhejiang Province. Its shape is beautiful, and it is painted with scarlet paint both inside and outside. Its physical properties are the same as paint.

Brown painted pottery was found in the Neolithic site of Meiyan, Wujiang. After preliminary examination, the brown substance was pigment.

Thin-shell lacquerware unearthed from Aohan _ Dadianzi ancient tomb in Liaoning Province dates back about 3400-3600 years.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, a wooden board coated with cinnabar was found in Huangpi-Longcheng Ruins. Some lacquerware unearthed in Chengtai West, Hebei Province are carved with colored stones and inlaid with turquoise.

Qi Diao wood products found in Shang tombs in Houjiazhuang, Anyang, are also inlaid with mussels, mussels and jade.

It can be seen that the lacquer craft of Shang Dynasty has reached a quite high level.

The history of lacquerware in the Warring States period is a period of great development, with the variety and quantity of utensils greatly increased, and the practice, modeling and decoration techniques of fetal bones are innovative.

During the Warring States period, lacquerware was unearthed in a wide range. The paintings of monsters, dragons, snakes and hunting and dancing equipment unearthed from Chu tomb in Changtaiguan, Xinyang, the Yuanyang box unearthed from Zeng Houyi tomb in Suizhou, and the small carved screens of snakes, clams, birds and animals unearthed from Chu tomb in Jiangling are masterpieces of this period.

During the Han and Wei Dynasties, the lacquerware craft of the Western Han Dynasty basically inherited the style of the Warring States Period, but there was a new development, with larger production regulations and wider distribution of producing areas.

Large artifacts appeared, such as a clock with a diameter of more than 70 meters and a height of nearly 60 meters.

At the same time, a number of small pieces can be skillfully integrated into one device, such as 6 inverted ear cups in the box, single-layer or double-layer enamel of thin tires, and 5, 7 or more small boxes with different sizes and shapes in the box.

Emerging technologies include needle drawing gold filled with gold, and writing patterns with thick substances piled up with pigments.

In particular, the top of the vessel is inlaid with metal flowers and leaves, agate or glass beads as buttons, and the mouth of the vessel is inlaid with gold, silver buttons and hoops. In the meantime, the carved figures, monsters, birds and animals are embedded in gold foil or silver foil, and painted marble is used as a foil, which is unprecedented.

There are many inscriptions on lacquerware in the Western Han Dynasty, listing the names of officials and craftsmen in detail.

Lacquerware unearthed in the Eastern Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is very rare compared with the previous generation, which has a certain relationship with the change of burial customs.

During the Tang dynasty, the lacquerware of the Tang dynasty reached an unprecedented level, and it was very useful to pile up lacquerware with raised patterns shaped by thick paint. Useful shells are cut into objects, carved with lines, and inlaid with patterns on the paint surface; Gold and silver strippers embedded with honeysuckle slices are available.

The craft is superior to the previous generation, carved and exquisite, and combined with lacquer craft, it has become a kind of handicraft representing the style of Tang Dynasty. Split sculpture is the inheritance and development of bodiless techniques since the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Red lacquerware also appeared in the Tang Dynasty.

Song and Yuan Dynasties were once considered as the era when lacquerware was of the same color, but the excavation of many lacquerware with high ornamentation in Song Dynasty corrected the past understanding.

The precious flowers on the floor, sister-in-law and pedestal of the real pearl relic found in Zhou Ruiguang Temple Tower were all molded with thick paint.

Among the lacquerware in the Yuan Dynasty, Qi Diao made the highest achievement, which is characterized by thick lacquer piles and rich and round patterns carved by Tibetan front knife.

The appearance is simple and elegant, the details are exquisite, and it has a special charm in texture, such as the mast pattern made in Rizo in the Palace Museum, the early waterfall view in Yang Mao, and the rhinoceros box in the Anhui Provincial Museum.

In ancient times, as early as 5,000 years ago, the lacquer industry in China was very prosperous and enduring.

The application of natural raw lacquer is mainly to coat furniture and handicrafts.

It has played a very good protective role in the chemical industry.

The surface of furniture coating film coated with it is bright, plump, high temperature resistant, oxidation resistant, wear resistant and durable, which is incomparable to any chemical coating. Natural lacquer is a natural paint solution. After drying and film forming, it is pollution-free, non-toxic and radiation-free, and it is the best product for pursuing natural environmental protection.

The use of raw lacquer is more and more extensive. Improved natural raw lacquer, Meixing has a wide range of uses. The coating is mainly used for heavy corrosion protection of oil storage tanks and pipelines, industrial and chemical equipment, underground engineering, urban construction, gas purification, sailing ships, textile machinery, power plants, printing and dyeing, medicine, mines, food containers, aviation, satellites, military, civil, cultural relics, temples and ancient buildings.

Modern application With the development of human science and technology, many unique products and usability have been developed by boiling and modifying natural raw lacquer. Products are directly used in national key large enterprises and large and medium-sized enterprises such as chemical industry, light industry and power plants. Such as Shanghai Wujing Chemical Plant, Jinshan Petrochemical Complex, Puyang Oilfield, Xinjiang Oilfield, Gao Qiao Petrochemical Complex, Daqing Petrochemical Complex, Yangzi Petrochemical Complex, Lanzhou Refinery, Jinan Refinery, Fujian Refinery, Guangzhou Petrochemical Complex, Maoming Petrochemical Complex, Guangdong Shajiao Power Plant, Huangpu Power Plant, Mawan Power Plant, Zhanjiang Power Plant, Zhujiang Power Plant, Sichuan Ertan Power Plant, Shandong Salt Plant and North China Pharmaceutical Factory. Practice has proved that it is superior to other kinds of anticorrosive coatings. The terracotta warriors and horses, a world cultural heritage, have also been painted with natural lacquer, which has produced great economic and social benefits.