How was Harbin liberated?

1946, * * * Beiman Branch decided to send Northeast People's Guard to liberate Harbin from the Kuomintang. At the same time, Harbin became the earliest liberated city in China. In the process of liberation, it experienced three changes: the withdrawal of the Soviet Red Army, the acceptance of the Kuomintang and the entry of the * * * production party after World War II.

Introduction to the liberation process:

1On February 26th, 946, Lieutenant General Korichenko, the chief of general staff of the Soviet army stationed in the northeast of China, announced the beginning of withdrawing troops from south to north. The news that the Soviet army was going to withdraw from Harbin caused great anxiety. Because the Soviet troops withdrew from Shenyang, Jiamusi, Changchun, Qiqihar and other cities controlled by Kuomintang officials, social order was chaotic, and bandits and bad guys immediately appeared.

1946 On March 9th, the anti-Japanese national hero Li was assassinated by the Kuomintang spy, which aroused the indignation of Harbin people. On April 26th, representatives from all walks of life in Harbin 130 jointly called on the Northeast People's Self-Defense Force (formerly the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition) to quickly enter Harbin, so the China * * * Beiman Branch decided to immediately enter Harbin.

At 5 o'clock on April 28, 1946, the attack began. The troops quickly occupied the designated target, and only encountered small enemy resistance and hidden artillery fire in Nangang and some places outside the road on the way forward, and quickly annihilated them. Our army liberated Harbin relatively smoothly. "

Extended data

Background information:

After the Japanese surrender, the Soviet Red Army claimed that according to the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin and Zhongchang railway trunk lines in three northeastern cities of China would be handed over to the Kuomintang government. In order to maintain peace, take the overall situation into consideration and avoid civil war, China * * * Production Party evacuated the party and government organs and troops from Harbin.

Although the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance stipulated that Soviet troops stationed in this area should be handed over to the national government, at this time, the Kuomintang authorities did not have a single soldier in the northeast, and it was impossible to arrive in large numbers in a short time. So at this time, in addition to large and medium-sized cities and traffic arteries occupied by the Soviet Union, many areas were also controlled by bandits and puppet Manchuria military police.

Of course, the Kuomintang authorities are well aware of the importance of occupying the Northeast and have made preparations for "administrative reception" and "military reception". On August 3 1 day, Chiang Kai-shek established the Political Committee of Northeast Hangying in Chongqing, with Xiong Shihui as the director. On September 4th, Jiang Jingguo was appointed as the Special Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the National Government in Northeast China to carry out diplomatic activities with the Soviet Union.

At the same time, in the name of the national government, the three northeastern provinces were divided into nine provinces, and the presidents of the nine provinces and the mayors of Dalian and Harbin were appointed. Subsequently, the Northeast Security Commander's Chief Command headed by Du was established and actively seized the Northeast. On September 30, Chiang Kai-shek called Song Ziwen and asked the United States to help urge the Kuomintang troops to go to the northeast to receive them, so as not to delay time.

1September 1945 and1June 1945, the Kuomintang authorities took advantage of the * * * production party troops that had just entered the northeast, and relied on the assistance of the US government to transport the 13th and 52nd Kuomintang troops to Qinhuangdao by sea, launched an attack on Shanhaiguan, and then moved northeast along Beining Road, successively occupying Suizhong, Xingcheng, Jinxi, Huludao and Jinzhou.

In addition, with the help of the United States, the Kuomintang authorities also negotiated with the Soviet Union to take over the Northeast effortlessly and take it into their own hands. 65438+ 10/,the Soviet government officially informed the National Government that the main Soviet troops stationed in the northeast of China would begin to evacuate in late June of 65438+1 0. After receiving the notice, more than 40 people, headed by Xiong Shihui, the battalion commander of the Northeast Battalion, flew from Chongqing to Changchun on June 5438+00, 10, to discuss the defense issues in Northeast China with Soviet representatives.

Subsequently, the two sides held long-term negotiations on the transfer of the Northeast. Then, with the assistance of the United States, the Kuomintang authorities continued to send more troops to the northeast to expand the scale of the attack; While negotiating with the Soviet Union, he asked the Soviet Union to postpone its withdrawal and wait for its follow-up troops to "receive".

Harbin is an immigrant city with a population of about 400,000-500,000. The news that the Soviet army was going to withdraw from Harbin caused great anxiety. Because since the Soviet army withdrew from Shenyang, Jiamusi, Changchun, Qiqihar and other cities controlled by Kuomintang officials, the society has shown a situation of disorder, bandits and bad guys.

Wang Zhichao, the former director of Harbin Cultural Bureau, was a 20-year-old student of Harbin No.1 Middle School at that time, and contacted many people at the bottom: "The Songhua River is a slum, where coolies, prostitutes, storytellers and junk collectors are all sold. In winter, there are many' dead bodies' in the street, that is, bodies frozen to death in sacks. When I get up in the morning, the car uses a rope to' dead bodies'.

From the transfer of power from the Soviet Union to the final liberation of Harbin 100 days, the factory failed to start, the economy was even more depressed, and prices soared. The people roared: "What reception is purely robbery! What do you mean, it's just dark? "Thinking about the central government and looking forward to it will make it even worse for the central government! "I want to receive it, I hope to receive it, and it will be even worse after receiving it!" These were the most popular folk songs at that time.

References:

Heilongjiang Daily —— Harbin Liberation —— Kuomintang captured Northeast China.

People's Network-Harbin: The northernmost big city was liberated the earliest? (2)