What is a resident agent?

Province is one of the main outflow places of the floating population across provinces, and at the same time, the number of floating population in the province is also very large. According to relevant statistics, there are 5 million farmers working in cities in the province, including 6.5438+0.6 million floating population making a living in Wuhan, 6.5438+0.8 million school-age children whose children receive compulsory education, tens of thousands or 6.5438+0.8 million migrant workers in other medium-sized cities, and thousands or even tens of thousands of children studying in cities. For example, there are 102200 migrant workers in Huangshi city, accounting for 15.46% of the urban population, 3 184 migrant workers' children attend primary schools, accounting for 5.48% of urban primary school students, and 2072 migrant workers' children attend junior high schools, accounting for 8% of urban junior high schools; There are 59,840 migrant farmers in Jingmen, accounting for 10% of the city's total population, and their school-age children18,700, including primary school15,068 and junior high school 3,622, accounting for more than 5% of urban primary and secondary school students respectively. 90% of the children of migrant workers are concentrated in central cities, and more than 80% of them in several medium-sized cities are arranged to study in public primary and secondary schools, and others are enrolled in private schools; Among the children of farmers in Wuhan115,800, 48,000 are in public schools, 50,800 are in approved simple private schools, and17,000 are in unapproved simple private schools.

Second, the main work

According to a series of national and provincial requirements for migrant children's schooling, in recent years, large and medium-sized cities in the province have actively taken measures to solve the problem of migrant children's schooling in cities. The main measures are as follows:

(a) the development of documents, the education of migrant children into the plan, overall arrangement, unified management.

Several large and medium-sized cities, according to the management principle of "government management in inflow areas gives priority to public schools", incorporate migrant workers' children into urban education planning, run their own schools and make overall arrangements, and designate some urban public schools or schools organized by social forces to receive migrant workers' children.

The Huangshi Municipal Government has formulated the Opinions on Implementation, which clearly stipulates that the education and public security departments should actively cooperate to create a good environment for the children of migrant workers to receive nine-year compulsory education. The inflow government arranges special funds for the children of migrant workers to receive compulsory education;

The education administrative departments in Wuhan, Xiangfan and Jingmen have issued a series of schooling policies for school-age children of floating population, requiring schools in all districts to open their doors to the children of migrant workers and ensure that their children receive compulsory education. In August this year, Jingmen Education Bureau also issued the Notice of Jingmen Education Bureau on Solving the Education Problems of Migrant Workers' Children, which was published in a prominent position in Metropolis Daily, and hundreds of copies were printed and widely distributed in urban areas, so that migrant workers could understand the relevant national policies and feel free to send their children to work places for school. The city's education administrative departments and schools have also contacted public security, finance, labor, price and other relevant departments and neighborhood offices and neighborhood committees to conduct a comprehensive investigation to find out the actual situation of migrant workers. The system of holding certificates for migrant workers shall be implemented, registered by the public security department, and a complete information resource database for migrant workers shall be established. The labor inspection department strengthens the inspection of social labor and employment, and it is strictly forbidden for enterprises and institutions to recruit minors. The financial department will include the public funds for the children of migrant workers during their schooling in the financial budget to ensure the investment in education funds for the children of migrant workers. According to the regulations of the state, the price department will strengthen inspection and resolutely stop the children of migrant workers from charging for school. At the same time, the streets and neighborhood committees should regularly check the enrollment of all migrant workers' children within their jurisdiction and keep abreast of the changes in the enrollment of migrant workers' children.

Give the children of migrant workers equal rights to education.

According to the requirements of the state and the province, all cities have made specific provisions, and the children of migrant workers are treated equally with urban students in terms of enrollment, payment, arrangement of classes, participation in educational and teaching activities, and acceptance of commendation and awards, and enjoy the educational resources of the school equally. For example, in order to facilitate the children of migrant workers to take the senior high school entrance examination, Xiangfan city began to cancel the registration, examination and admission system for taking the senior high school entrance examination according to household registration this year. Instead, they can sign up for the examination only by virtue of their school status and enjoy the admission qualifications under the same conditions. 1997 From 2002 to 2002, 87 children of migrant workers were commended by outstanding students from provinces and cities, accounting for 9.86% of the total number of commended students.

(c) Care for the children of poor migrant workers and effectively ensure that they complete compulsory education.

Most cities take measures such as "reduction, exemption, postponement and donation" to raise funds through various ways and channels to help the children of poor migrant workers complete compulsory education. Wuhan implements the policy of "free tuition and one fee system", and implements a one-time fee of 220-400 yuan per semester for the children of migrant workers; Jingmen City will cancel the borrowing fee for the children of migrant workers, which alone can reduce the economic burden of migrant workers by 654.38+03.09 yuan per year; Jingmen City and Xiangfan City have also formulated the implementation plan of the poverty alleviation project. Children of migrant workers from poor families enjoy the same treatment as urban students when receiving government, school and individual funding. For students with family difficulties, the school is allowed to postpone or exempt from relevant fees; Some schools in Huangshi Development Zone also provide free services to poor migrant workers to ensure that migrant workers do not drop out of school due to family financial difficulties.

(four) strict procedures for the change of student status, strengthen the management of children of migrant workers.

The children of migrant workers have great mobility and uneven learning situation, which brings great difficulties to the education and teaching management of the school. For this reason, large and medium-sized cities give migrant workers' children the same treatment as urban residents' children, and at the same time strengthen the standardized management of student status, education and teaching in public schools and simple schools that accept migrant workers' children. For example, the enrollment of children of migrant workers in Jingmen City is managed in accordance with the regulations on the management of borrowing students and included in the enrollment statistics of urban school-age children and adolescents; After the children of migrant workers have completed their studies in urban areas and passed the examination, the higher education administrative department of the school will issue the corresponding graduation certificate or graduation certificate. Wuhan has held many training courses for school principals and school administrators, so that they can clarify the relevant requirements of school registration management through on-site exchange meetings, do a good job in the registration and change of children of migrant workers, and standardize school registration management. At present, the student status of migrant children of migrant workers has been included in the unified student status management of compulsory education in the city, and they are treated equally with registered students in Wuhan, achieving five identical student numbers, entering the city computer management, establishing student files, taking graduation exams organized by Wuhan and issuing academic certificates.

Simple schools are the product of the great social mobility after the reform and opening up. This new form of running a school meets the needs of the development of socialist market economy and is conducive to popularizing, consolidating and improving compulsory education. At this stage, it is an inevitable requirement for the municipal government to implement Theory of Three Represents and fulfill its overall service function to allow the existence of simple schools and bring them into the overall planning of local education development. In recent years, Wuhan has done a lot of work in strengthening the management of simple schools and actively solving the enrollment problems of migrant workers' children.

The first is to implement a management system of graded responsibility and territorial management. Since 1998, Wuhan has established the principle of "grading approval and territorial management" for running schools by social forces, set up a city-wide pilot group for running schools by social forces, and clarified the authority of the municipal and district education administrative departments to approve running schools by social forces: schools with academic qualifications below junior high school (including simple schools) shall be accepted and approved by the district education administrative departments; The education, teaching and other daily administrative management of the school shall be managed by the education administrative department where the school is located.

The second is to standardize the examination and approval behavior. According to the Compulsory Education Law and the Interim Measures for the Education of Migrant Children and Adolescents promulgated by the former State Education Commission and the Ministry of Public Security 1998, in order to ensure the running level of simple schools and standardize the examination and approval behavior of simple schools, Wuhan has formulated the document "Standards for the Establishment of Simple Schools for Migrant Children and Adolescents by Social Forces in Wuhan" (No.48 of the Wu Education Commission [1998]).

The third is to strengthen safety inspection. The safety of simple schools is a matter of great concern to the municipal government. In the annual inspection of running schools by social forces, the government and education administrative departments put the safety work of simple schools in a prominent position. In 2000, Wuhan Education Bureau issued the Notice on Strengthening the Safety Management of Social Forces in Running Schools, requiring all localities to pay attention to the conditions and measures of safety management in the process of approving social forces to run schools and carrying out annual inspections; In 20001year, the general office of the municipal government issued the Emergency Notice on Further Strengthening the Safety Management of Simple Schools (Wu Zhengban) [No.20065438+065438+0300], requiring all district governments to attach great importance to the safety management of Simple Schools. No matter whether it is approved or not, as long as there are safety accidents, the heads of district governments and education administrative departments should be held accountable. According to the requirements of the notice, Wuhan will inspect the simple schools one by one every semester, find potential safety hazards, and insist on rectification within a time limit. Rectification is not in place; Ordered to close and cancel.

The fourth is to intensify the rectification of running schools without a license. In recent years, due to the large increase of floating population in cities and the rapid expansion of simple schools, the problem of unlicensed simple schools has become more prominent. There are serious security risks in their school-running conditions, and the teachers are seriously unqualified, which not only affects the physical and mental health of school-age children, but also interferes with the survival and development of approved schools. The administrative department of education is not qualified to ban unlicensed schooling: the municipal administrative department of education has repeatedly reported to the municipal government, demanding that the main body of law enforcement be clarified, a joint law enforcement special class be established, and the rectification of unlicensed schooling be intensified. In the past two years, some urban areas of our city have set up special classes to ban unlicensed schools, led by the district government and personally led by the district head. Civil Affairs Bureau, Education Bureau, Public Security Bureau, Price Bureau, Local Taxation Bureau, Real Estate Bureau and Urban Management Department jointly enforced the law, banned some schools, and rectified and standardized some schools. In 2002, 48 unlicensed schools were banned in Wuchang District, Hongshan District and Dongxihu District. In May this year, Wuhan took the opportunity of preventing and controlling SARS and started a new round of action to ban unlicensed schools.

Third, the existing problems and suggestions

China is a developing country. There are great differences between urban and rural residents in living standards, cultural quality, living habits and customs. The integration of the two in a short time in the same area will inevitably lead to drastic changes in ideas and social life. A large number of children of migrant workers go to school in cities, which will have some difficulties and problems for cities and farmers themselves. Considering the situation of large and medium-sized cities in the province, these difficulties and problems mainly include the following aspects:

(A) There are still some ideological and cognitive deviations in the enrollment of migrant workers' children.

On the one hand, there are still some comrades in the urban education administrative department who believe that it is the responsibility of the local government where the children of migrant workers are registered, so there is still a phenomenon that public affairs are unwilling to let go and private affairs are unwilling to clear up. The relevant departments believe that solving the problem of migrant workers' children going to school is only a matter for the education department, and the awareness of * * * management is not strong; On the other hand, due to the inequality between the status and treatment of migrant workers and the registered population, as well as the influence of family economic conditions, living environment and concepts, many migrant workers and their children have certain psychological obstacles, which brings many difficulties to the education guidance of the education department. For example, some parents don't send their children to public schools in Wuhan, although they don't charge tuition for the children of migrant workers.

(B) The increase of children of farmers in cities leads to the shortage of educational resources in central cities.

Due to the sharp increase in the number of migrant workers, the enrollment pressure in urban areas is increasing, especially in high-quality primary and secondary schools. According to the statistics of Jingmen City, there are nearly 2 1 10,000 middle school students in the city, 20% of whom are children of floating population who have entered the city in recent years. Due to the sharp increase in the number of students, the average size of six primary schools in the urban area reached 1, with an average of 56.3 students per class. There are 6 junior high schools, with an average school scale of 1728 students and an average of 72 students in each class, far exceeding the normal school scale. With the increase in the number of children of migrant workers, the expenditure pressure of local governments and education administrative departments is increasing, and it is increasingly difficult to raise funds for running schools.

(3) Migrant workers' children are highly mobile and difficult to manage.

One is the randomness of traffic. The characteristics of migrant workers themselves determine that they are unstable. With the change of employment and residence, many migrant workers change schools for their children to go to school nearby. These students are large in number and frequency, and the transfer procedures are not standardized and arbitrary. How to distinguish between the normal flow of students and the choice of schools has increased the workload and difficulty for relevant departments and school management. Second, there is a phenomenon of dropping out of school in the flow. Children of migrant workers can't be guaranteed because their parents' jobs are unstable, so they should enjoy the right to education. According to the survey of relevant cities, it is common for junior high school students, especially senior students, to drop out of school for various reasons, such as being tired of learning or directly participating in their parents' business activities.

In order to protect the right of school-age children of migrant workers to receive compulsory education and properly solve the problems existing in their schooling in cities, we put forward the following suggestions:

First, strengthen government behavior and establish a * * * management mechanism. The people's governments in the inflow areas should further strengthen the leadership over the enrollment of migrant workers' children, and the departments of education, establishment, public security, finance, labor, planning, etc. should clarify their respective responsibilities, pay close attention to the management of * * *, and establish a linkage working mechanism that is mainly full-time public and accepts migrant workers' children's enrollment in various forms.

The second is to increase investment and establish a financing guarantee mechanism for children of migrant workers to receive compulsory education. The government should set up special funds for children of migrant workers to receive compulsory education, continuously improve the conditions for running public schools, and at the same time support and manage social forces that mainly receive children of migrant workers to run schools.

The third is to strengthen publicity and guidance, establish a rescue mechanism, and support the children of poor farmers to work in cities. On the premise of ensuring the implementation of school funds and resolutely stopping some cities from charging migrant workers' children, it is necessary to increase publicity, establish a "green channel" to support poor migrant workers' children to enter school, and create a good atmosphere for the whole society to care for and support migrant workers' children to receive compulsory education.