Seeking graduation thesis of economic management

Graduation thesis of economic management:

Selection of strategic objectives and development direction of small and medium-sized enterprises

In view of the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the economic development of various countries and the present situation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, this paper points out the necessity of studying the development strategy and direction of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. When studying the strategic target positioning, starting from the development environment, operating results and social benefits of small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper puts forward ten requirements for realizing these three strategic goals in order to achieve the visiting goal. When determining the development direction of small and medium-sized enterprises, this paper describes the national conditions and characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, as well as the opportunities and challenges brought by WTO, and puts forward seven development directions, such as persisting in developing small and medium-sized enterprises with characteristics and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises with poor technology.

Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises; Development strategy of small and medium-sized enterprises; Development direction of small and medium-sized enterprises

The practice of world economic development shows that small and medium-sized enterprises, with their advantages of flexible operation mode, low organizational cost and convenient transfer and promotion, can better adapt to today's rapidly changing market and consumers' demand for personalization and fashion, showing a good trend of vigorous development. Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the economic development of all countries in the world, including developed countries? 6? 8。 Especially in China, a country with a large population, a vast territory and a huge difference in economic development level, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is more significant. At present, there are about 65,438+0,000 small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Most of the labor-intensive export products and some high-tech export products are produced by small and medium-sized enterprises, and the export volume of small and medium-sized enterprises accounts for 60% of the total export volume of the country. Small and medium-sized enterprises provide about 75% of urban employment opportunities, and most of the labor transferred from rural areas in China is absorbed by small and medium-sized enterprises, and the industrial and commercial taxes paid by small and medium-sized enterprises for the country account for about 50% of the total. In the rapid economic growth since 1990s, 76.7% of the new industrial output value was created by small and medium-sized enterprises. However, it should be noted that due to the influence of many factors, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in China is facing unprecedented difficulties, and there are serious problems in ideological concepts, technical equipment, management organization structure and so on. In order to make China's small and medium-sized enterprises adapt to the needs of economic development and market competition and give full play to their important role in the national economy, it is necessary to first clarify the strategic objectives and direction of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

I. Strategic objectives

The strategic goal of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is their strategic positioning. This orientation should not only be the pursuit goal of China's small and medium-sized enterprises, but also play a guiding role in the development of China's small and medium-sized enterprises, and should be achieved through efforts to promote the gradual development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which is a dynamic goal in the process of operation. As far as its goal is concerned, it should not only conform to the national conditions of China, but also be unified with the present situation of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; As far as its dynamics are concerned, it should be unified with the world economic situation after China's entry into WTO. Through research, we believe that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises should mainly achieve the following three strategic goals: the national support goal of sports, the management achievement goal of small and medium-sized enterprises and the social benefit goal.

(A) support the movement of the target

This is mainly from the external environment to discuss the strategic objectives of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The development of an enterprise is a dynamic process, and it can only grow and develop in a favorable environmental system. Especially small and medium-sized enterprises, because they are vulnerable groups, need to achieve systematic environmental goals to achieve their own business results and social benefits. Therefore, the goal supported by running state naturally constitutes one of the most important strategic goals. And specifically achieve the following goals.

1. Government support in place. The government's policy support is the primary issue related to the development direction of small and medium-sized enterprises and whether the system objectives can be realized. Due to the shortage of funds, talents and backward technology, it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to compete with large enterprises, and due to their own conditions, they cannot obtain the funds, talents and technology needed for development, which requires the government to give necessary support and create a good external environment. The goal of government support policy is embodied in government idea, government identity and government support policy. (1) The concept that the government is in place means that the government should change its own ideas and realize that all large, medium and small enterprises are equal members in the socialist market economy and can make their own contributions to the country's economic development and social stability. Moreover, large, medium and small enterprises are an inseparable whole, and the formation process of this scale structure is the process of resource allocation under established constraints. They depend on each other, cooperate with each other, complement each other and develop together. (2) The government identity in place means that the government appears in front of small and medium-sized enterprises in an appropriate role in the process of promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and cannot interfere with the production and operation of small and medium-sized enterprises beyond its authority. The behavior of the government should be: to represent and safeguard the interests of small and medium-sized enterprises; Responsible for the macro guidance, development planning and industrial guidance of small and medium-sized enterprises; Responsible for the implementation, supervision and inspection of the central government's documents on the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; Promote the construction of service system and create a good living space and development environment for small and medium-sized enterprises. (3) The availability of government support policies means that the policies formulated by the government are conducive to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the government's use of policies is indirect management rather than direct management, guidance rather than administrative intervention.

2. Social Service Arrival Due to the poor self-survival and development ability of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is generally difficult to meet the needs of funds, technology and talents through their own efforts and realize self-service in information, training, market and law. Therefore, the government and social intermediary institutions should take measures to enable small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain all kinds of resources and information needed for their own survival and development. (1) Administrative agencies serving small and medium-sized enterprises are organized according to administrative divisions; (1) Policy intermediaries participate in and help serve SMEs. Policy intermediaries refer to intermediaries that are funded by the government to implement specific policy intentions and are not for profit. They can establish financing institutions that provide long-term loans, export guarantee institutions, and chambers of commerce and community organizations that provide free registration and information services for entrepreneurs. 2) According to the market demand, the government will help to set up financial, investment, consulting, information and training institutions for profit. (2) Relying on the community, with private investment as the main body (with appropriate government funding), we will establish a comprehensive service organization for small and medium-sized enterprises, form a national service system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and provide financing, technological innovation, training and counseling, information network, market expansion and cooperative services for small and medium-sized enterprises. 3. The biggest problem in the development of financing service intermediary SMEs is the lack of self-owned funds, and it is difficult to raise the funds needed for enterprise development by relying on their own reputation and property mortgage. This requires intermediary agencies serving small and medium-sized enterprises to coordinate the relationship between banks and small and medium-sized enterprises, so as to urge banks to better serve small and medium-sized enterprises. Intermediaries can be small and medium-sized enterprise trade unions and small and medium-sized enterprise loan guarantee companies. Through their efforts, the relationship between small and medium-sized enterprises and banks has become closer, helping small and medium-sized enterprises to open up financing channels and increasing financial institutions' capital investment in small and medium-sized enterprises.

(2) Operating results and objectives

This is from the internal mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises to discuss their strategic positioning. The goal of sports state support is only to establish favorable external economic conditions and environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. To fundamentally promote the long-term development of small and medium-sized enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises themselves must also establish a good internal mechanism, specifically to achieve the following goals.

1. The development of small and medium-sized enterprises must first increase rapidly in number. In order to give full play to the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in China's industrialization process, the annual growth of 15% ~ 2O% should be beneficial in the future 10.

2 Improving the quality The low quality of employees in small and medium-sized enterprises is a common problem, which is not conducive to the development of the original enterprises, nor to the establishment of new enterprises. The government should take decisive measures to create conditions to help them improve their own quality and quickly change the existing situation.

3. The structure is reasonable. The structural contradictions in the operation system of small and medium-sized enterprises in China are prominent, and the industrial structure, product structure and regional structure are unreasonable. This is an important factor for China's small and medium-sized enterprises to face difficulties and must break through quickly. We must analyze the causes of unreasonable structure, find the focus of contradictions, take effective measures to solve the three major structural contradictions within two years, and make the management structure of small and medium-sized enterprises in China tend to be reasonable.

4. straighten out the system. The institutional contradictions of small and medium-sized enterprises in China are mainly the separation of government and enterprise, and the separation of government and capital. At present, it is still necessary for enterprises to truly become the market subject of independent operation, self-financing, self-discipline and self-development. The institutional contradiction of collective enterprises is the unreasonable corporate governance structure. Unclear property rights and lack of incentive and restraint mechanism make small and medium-sized enterprises inefficient and difficult to really develop and grow. Therefore, the government should take different measures to help small and medium-sized enterprises straighten out their systems and establish a modern enterprise system.

(3) the social benefit objectives of the operation

This is the strategic orientation of small and medium-sized enterprises from the perspective of their social benefits. As the main body of market competition, small and medium-sized enterprises will inevitably aim at maximizing profits, but the profit goal of enterprises cannot be separated from the social benefit goal. Every enterprise's pursuit of profit maximization cannot maximize social wealth, and the loss of social wealth will in turn hinder the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Therefore, we should take the overall social benefits produced by small and medium-sized enterprises in their operation as the standard of their development. The three social benefits of small and medium-sized enterprises in China are: increasing wealth, increasing employment and improving the level of urbanization. First of all, the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises is conducive to promoting employment, increasing employees' income, avoiding excessive concentration of social capital, promoting the balanced distribution of social wealth among members of society, and achieving the goal of * * * common prosperity. Secondly, with the increase of social wealth, people will invest more money to establish small and medium-sized enterprises, so that small and medium-sized enterprises will become stronger and stronger and produce greater social benefits. Finally, the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, the increase of employment population and the increase of people's wealth have laid the foundation for the development of cities, and the improvement of urbanization level has promoted the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which are mutually conditional and mutually reinforcing.

Second, the strategic direction

As a strategic system for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, it is obviously incomplete without the elaboration of strategic direction. The strategic direction of small and medium-sized enterprises in this paper is to fully consider the national conditions of China, the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises and the opportunities and challenges brought by China's entry into WTO, and put forward several specific development directions for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in order to achieve the above strategic objectives.

(1) developing small and medium-sized enterprises with regional characteristics In today's fierce market competition, only enterprises with regional characteristics will have room for survival and development. Therefore, cultivating and developing SMEs with regional characteristics is the main direction of the development of SMEs in China. All localities should vigorously develop industrial cluster enterprises with advantages and characteristics according to the advantages of market, resources and labor force. The industry formed through regional characteristics can drive the region to form industrial clusters and promote the development of local economy.

(2) Developing supporting small and medium-sized enterprises Supporting small and medium-sized enterprises refers to those small and medium-sized enterprises that produce supporting parts for domestic pillar enterprises and foreign large enterprises, which can better promote professional division of labor and optimize the allocation of social resources and avoid "big and complete", "small and complete" and redundant construction.

(III) Developing small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises According to the experience of various countries, small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises are successful enterprises, and they are playing an increasingly important role in promoting the economic development of a country or region. China should make full use of the advantages of scientific and technological talents in colleges and universities, vigorously promote the integration of Industry-University-Research, develop a number of scientific and technological achievements suitable for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, give birth to a number of academician-expert small and medium-sized enterprises, make full use of high-tech at home and abroad to transform traditional industries, improve the level of technical equipment, improve the scientific and technological content of products and improve the utilization rate of resources. Developing employment-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises (4) China's underdeveloped industry, surplus labor force and the increase of unemployment will bring huge economic and social problems, which is not conducive to the promotion of industrialization in China. Therefore, it is necessary to develop some labor-intensive enterprises according to the characteristics of various parts of China to absorb surplus, laid-off workers and rural surplus labor. At the same time, we should also focus on developing community (village) enterprises. These enterprises are based on the local area and serve the local area. They don't require high level of science and technology, but the goods they produce are cheap, which is also an area where employment-oriented enterprises can expand their development space.

(5) The development of export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises is a new force for the development of export-oriented economy, and its development can have several functions: ① to speed up the pace of China's opening to the outside world, so that the outside world can know more about China and participate in China's industrial construction; ② Make more use of foreign capital and foreign advanced technology, equipment and management experience; (3) Promoting the development of export enterprises in China and creating better conditions for increasing the export of products of enterprises in China; ④ Make China form an open economic system+promote the deepening of China's economic system reform and the renewal of people's ideas, so China should make full use of the opportunities brought by China's entry into WTO to accelerate the development of export-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises.

(VI) Developing state-owned and collective small and medium-sized enterprises The development of state-owned and collective small and medium-sized enterprises lies not in the increase of the number of enterprises, but in the improvement of their quality. The key to improve the quality of state-owned and collective small and medium-sized enterprises is to intensify enterprise reform, promote the transformation of enterprise management mechanism and become the main body of the market. On the other hand, we should create conditions to reduce the burden as soon as possible and truly become an equal member in the market competition.

(VII) Developing community service-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises Community service-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises are a special kind of small and medium-sized enterprises with certain social welfare. The first condition to promote the development of community service-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises is the source of funds+the source of funds for such enterprises has two aspects: one is the matching funds from the government; Second, * * * to raise funds from the society. If the local economy develops rapidly, it is easier for community service-oriented SMEs to raise funds. As long as the enterprise's projects have development prospects, it is easier to get the support of government funds and residents, and raise the required funds in the form of * * * *.

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