What are the main discriminations and prejudices in rural areas of China?

According to the definition, prejudice is an attitude towards a specific target group, including negative feelings and beliefs that support this attitude, as well as behavioral intentions to escape, control, conquer and destroy this group. Prejudice is a negative attitude, and discrimination is a negative behavior. Although discrimination is often caused by prejudice, it is not only natural, but also like a loose connection between attitude and behavior market. Whether a prejudice turns into corresponding discrimination depends on the specific situation. For example, in the past, a white man who had racial prejudice against blacks probably thought that blacks were ignorant and dangerous, so he didn't like or hate them, and might show discriminatory behavior.

From ancient times to the present, people will inevitably have prejudice against others, and there will be discrimination between people, whether at home or abroad. People will inevitably be influenced by the first impression in interpersonal communication. For example, when making a girlfriend, the first impression is very important, and the first impression is not good, so it is difficult to negotiate. But the first impression is often not very accurate, because in a short contact, the vibration of the material is very limited, so it is often impossible to evaluate a person completely and correctly. So it is necessary to give each other a good impression for the first time. Of course, there is also a "stereotype" in the composition of interpersonal prejudice, which is to judge people and things according to some indirect information. Nine times out of ten, stereotypes are inevitably biased. Because people have to accept the influence of various books and public opinion, it is difficult for people to get rid of the prejudice of stereotypes. Under the influence of certain conditions, even from prejudice to discrimination.

In the past, migrant workers in Beijing did not have reasonable wages and insurance, and their children could not receive education in Beijing. Now they can get paid, take out three insurances, and their children can receive education in Beijing. In the past, in the United States, blacks were not allowed to enter some public places, had no right to vote, and could not receive education like whites. Now, American public places are open to everyone, all American citizens have the right to vote, and schools are more open to all those who have the ability. These changes are really subtle and change inadvertently.

People are equal, at least they should have equal right to life and personal dignity. However, this cannot be done in a class society. Even in socialist society, this kind of discrimination and discrimination still exists because of the traces of the old society and the differences in people's understanding and cultivation. From the perspective of the old tradition, people's "disgraceful" occupation, "low" social status, humble origin, weak ability, physical defects, unfortunate experiences and so on. , may become the objective cause of discrimination. Decadent hierarchy, blind sense of superiority, vulgar and boring secular prejudice, ignorant and superficial knowledge and so on. Are subjective reasons for discriminating against others.

Society is progressing. In China, from 1950s to 1970s, the discrimination of family background decided personal future. Today, personal future decided the mechanism of personal ability. But in social life, discrimination can still be seen everywhere. One example is the admission of students with different scores. Also taking the college entrance examination, the admission scores in big cities are obviously lower than those in rural areas, and there are significant differences in education, level and teachers between rural areas and cities themselves. In order to make up for this difference, college admission scores should be tilted towards rural students, not the other way around. There are also age restrictions, height restrictions, gender restrictions, and even unwritten dialects that often appear in newspapers, all of which reflect social prejudice and discrimination.

Scholars use many theories to explain the causes of prejudice and discrimination. Generally speaking, there are the following types:

1, a theory that emphasizes historical and economic factors.

History tells us that we cannot fully understand the causes of prejudice without understanding the historical background of conflict. In social analysis, most prejudices are considered to have their historical roots. For example, psychologist allport pointed out that American prejudice against blacks can be found in some historical events, such as slavery. The attitude of slave owners towards black families, the exploitation of blacks by northerners who made profits in the south, and some mistakes in rebuilding the south after the civil war. The theory of studying prejudice from a historical perspective also emphasizes economic factors.

2. Theories that emphasize social and cultural factors.

Sociologists and anthropologists all emphasize that social and cultural factors are the decisive factors of prejudice and discrimination. These social and cultural factors are: (1) the accelerating process of urbanization, mechanization and the increasing complexity of things; (2) The status of some groups has risen; (3) Pay more attention to ability and training, and there is a shortage of jobs and competition at work; (4) Limited available land resources and houses are in short supply, and the population is growing; (5) Many people can't develop their own internal values, so they have to rely on others and insist on consistency in their behavior. This emphasis on social culture provides a seemingly reasonable explanation for a prejudice, that is, the prejudice against urbanized minorities, who have not accepted the values of the white middle class.

3. Theory emphasizing environmental factors.

In nature, the emphasis on environmental factors is most in line with social psychology. This theory holds that the current power in the environment is the cause of prejudice. Discrimination against race and nationality will change over time. This change often shows the importance of the environment. During World War II, people accepted all kinds of government propaganda and had negative prejudice against Germans and Japanese. However, they have a good impression on their allies, including the Russians. At the beginning of the war, most Americans thought Russians were hardworking and brave.

4. Emphasize the theory of psychological motivation.

According to this theory, prejudice is the result of incompatibility and internal contradictions of the prejudiced. There are two psychodynamic theories about prejudice. One of them thinks that the root of prejudice should be found in people's situation, because setbacks are inevitable in people's life. Frustration and sense of loss lead to hostile impulses, which may be released to minority groups if not controlled. As Pettigrew pointed out, in the study of psychodynamics, every explanation of prejudice describes an objective process. According to this view, people use their own experiences to explain external events.

In a word, there are various explanations about the causes of prejudice and discrimination. They explain the same theme to people from different angles, which will undoubtedly help us understand the root of the problem and take corresponding measures to overcome this misunderstanding. Although it is difficult to eliminate prejudice and discrimination in social life, the key to eliminate this phenomenon is to provide members of society with an equal and equal opportunity process, so that everyone can compete fairly and choose freely and get the opportunity to flow to the upper class of society. From their own point of view, it is their instinct for human beings to fight for their rights in various ways. Then, when a person is prejudiced and discriminated against because of some defect or deficiency, how to use this regret as an incentive for spiritual compensation-to light up a gentle heart with it is promising. Being generous, aboveboard and living a normal life is what you should have.