Beekeeping technology

Bee colony products are in great demand in life, involving all aspects of people's lives. In medicine, honey, royal jelly and bee venom are useful in bee breeding products, which can play a role in health care and treatment of diseases; In agriculture, bees can impart pollen, which can promote crop yield on the one hand and increase the economic benefits of beekeepers on the other; In industry, bee breeding products such as beeswax and propolis can be used to process products. Because beekeeping has such great economic benefits, there are more and more beekeepers now. 1 basic management of bee breeding 1. 1 The site selection of bee farm should be in leeward, with good ventilation, abundant sunshine, relatively high terrain and good drainage, which is conducive to keeping the temperature and humidity of the hive suitable. Considering the living environment that bees like, the location of bee farm should also consider the distance between honey source and bee farm. Generally speaking, the honey source should consider the newly opened flowers, crop pollen and other plants to provide enough food for bees all year round, not just one season or one season, and the distance between the honey source and the bee farm should be within 3 kilometers. 1.2 preparation of beekeeping tools beekeeping tools need to prepare beehives first, and the number of beehives to be prepared is 10 ~ 16. Farmers can also increase or decrease the number of beehives according to the actual situation. After the beehive is ready, they need to check the tightness of the beehive, whether the beehive is clean and whether there are foreign objects. Once a foreign body is found, it needs to be cleaned and disinfected in time. After preparing the beehive, you should also prepare a honey cutter, a honey shaker, a bee feeder, a sprayer, etc. Keeping bees is a dangerous job, and sometimes farmers need to enter the hive to check or feed bees. So beekeepers should also prepare several sets of protective clothing and anti-stinging nets. Protective clothing should be sealed and people's bodies should be wrapped from head to toe. When wearing the anti-sting mask net, you should pay attention to the tightness of protective clothing and anti-sting mask net to ensure your own safety. 1.3 daily feeding management the daily feeding management of bees mainly includes two aspects: first, it is necessary to regularly enter the hive to check whether the bees are in danger of pests and diseases and whether the queen bee is in good health; Second, when bees lack honey sources, they should regularly enter the hive to feed. Bee diseases and insect pests have a great influence on bee colony, and prevention should be the main way to control bee diseases and insect pests. The best way to prevent bee diseases and insect pests is to check the beehive regularly, check the overall physical condition of the bee colony, and see if there are abnormal conditions such as abnormal death and listlessness. It is also necessary to check whether the queen bee is in good health, full of energy and abnormal ability to lay eggs, so as to ensure the health of the queen bee and the vitality of the whole bee colony. In daily feeding, it is also necessary to closely observe whether the surrounding honey sources are sufficient. Sometimes, due to the influence of rain or abnormal seasonal changes, bees may lack food. In this case, beekeepers should feed bees in time and use sterilized pollen when feeding bees. Feeding time should be at night, and feeding time should be 2 ~ 3 h apart. 2 Seasonal management of bee breeding Rongchang District of Chongqing belongs to subtropical monsoon humid climate, with four distinct seasons, high temperature and rainy summer and mild and humid winter. The annual average precipitation is about 65438 0099 mm, and the annual average temperature is 65438 07.8℃. The temperature suitable for bee life is 20 ~ 25℃, so the climate in Rongchang District of Chongqing is very suitable for bee breeding, but the climate is humid, so ventilation and drainage should be done well. 2. 1 management of bee breeding in spring The main problem of bee breeding in spring is the lack of honey source, because most flowers and crops have not reached flowering stage in spring. In spring, beekeepers should replenish food for bees in time to avoid death and illness of bees due to lack of food. Spring is the peak season for queen bees to lay eggs. At this time, we should pay attention to the physical condition of the queen bee, replenish food for bees to collect in time, ensure the quality and quantity of the bee colony, and clean the hive regularly to ensure its cleanliness and avoid the occurrence of bee diseases and insect pests [1]. 2.2 Management of Bee Breeding in Summer It is hot and rainy in Rongchang District of Chongqing in summer, so it is necessary to do a good job of cooling and draining beehives. For the cooling of the hive, we can add a sunshade net around the hive, or move the hive to a cool place. In high temperature environment, bees will lack vitality and get sick easily. The beehive must ensure smooth drainage. If it rains continuously, there must be no water in the hive. The accumulated water will not only change the temperature in the hive, but also drown the bees. There are enough honey sources in summer, which can reduce or cancel artificial feeding, but pesticides may be used in summer, so it is necessary to closely observe the pesticide use in honey source areas to avoid accidents. In summer, the queen bee's ability to lay eggs decreases. At this time, we should pay attention to replacing the energetic queen bee to ensure the vitality of the bee colony. 2.3 Management of bee breeding in autumn As a transitional season, the main work of bee breeding in autumn is to clean regularly, prevent and control pests and diseases, reserve winter feed, prepare pollen artificially fed by bees in winter, and do a good job of disinfection of pollen to avoid bees getting sick. There is still the danger of using pesticides in autumn, so farmers should do a good job of inspecting the flower sources in honey source areas, and take active measures if there are signs of using pesticides. 2.4 Management of Bee Breeding in Winter Rongchang District of Chongqing is mild and humid in winter. The main job of bee breeding is to keep the temperature in the hive suitable and stable, and not to go up and down. When the weather is good and the temperature is suitable, the bees can be released and allowed to move on their own, so as to enhance their physical resistance and avoid physical decline caused by long-term inactivity. We should also do a good job in disinfection and cleaning of beehives in winter. There will be pests and diseases of bees in any season, and prevention is the main thing. So we should do a good job in the daily management of beehives. Prevention and control of pests and diseases in bee breeding 3. 1 American larval rot mostly occurs in summer and high temperature season, which will lead to the decay of bee larvae. At the onset, the spleen of the diseased bee colony will darken and the surface will be moist. When observing, it will be found that there is a hole as big as a needle, the honeycomb cover will sink, and the diseased larvae will smell fishy after rotting [3]. The preventive measures of this disease are to disinfect beehives before overwintering, and buy qualified and regular disinfection products to feed bees. Once the disease occurs, the beehive should be replaced in time, and Baoyoukang should be used for timely treatment. 3.2 European larval rot, which mainly occurs in the low temperature season of early spring and late autumn, will cause the bee larvae to rot. The diseased bees are pale yellow and dark brown in color, and the larvae will be sour after rotting. The prevention of this disease is mainly to strengthen the resistance of the bee colony, such as replacing the queen bee with good vitality and feeding the feed rich in protein. Once the disease occurs, it can be treated with streptomycin. 3.3 Cystic larval disease, which often occurs at the turn of spring and summer, is highly contagious and destructive to bee colonies, and it occurs repeatedly and needs thorough treatment. At the time of onset, the dead worm's head is upturned, its skin color is yellow and white, its body is odorless and sticky. The preventive measures of the disease are mainly to select high-quality queen bees to improve the overall resistance of bee colonies, and to supplement protein and vitamins in feed to improve the resistance of bee colonies. Once the disease occurs, it can be treated with Chinese herbal medicine for clearing away heat and toxic materials, and can also be treated with drugs such as antiviral 862. 3.4 Bee Sarcocystis is a chronic infectious disease, which mostly occurs in spring and summer. At the beginning of the disease, there are obvious symptoms. In the middle and late stage of the disease, bees will be slow or restless, with dim body color, emaciated body, loss of flight ability and sometimes diarrhea. The prevention of the disease is mainly to strictly disinfect beehives and feed them with high-quality feed. 4% formalin can be used for disinfection, and preventive drugs can also be given in daily feed. Sporozoa is very sensitive to acidity, and once it gets sick, it can be used as acidic feed for bees. Conclusion Bee breeding management technology is a meticulous work, from basic management to seasonal management, and then to the prevention and control of bee pests and diseases. Only by doing every job well can we ensure the normal progress of bee breeding and create the greatest economic benefits. Source: Mid-agricultural period in South China