Who are the elder brother and sister?

A document about the basic situation, a leader's speech, a dynamic information, a theoretical study, a reform, a new job, a hill S sound, and an opportunity and challenge facing China's entry into the WTO. After Xingtai Vocational and Technical College joins the WTO, China's social life and national economy will have a major impact, and China's automobile, telecommunications, textile, clothing, construction, agriculture and other industries will undergo major adjustment and reorganization of product structure. In the whole education system, vocational education is the most sensitive to economic reflection, and higher vocational education will be the most intense and obvious after China's entry into WTO. After China's entry into WTO, my orientation of education is, to a great extent, the trend of higher technology and vocational education in the world. First, continue to expand the scale of higher education. After China's entry into WTO, the number of higher vocational schools and students in China will increase substantially. There will be more employment opportunities in computer, telecommunications, medical and other industries. In these industries, knowledge workers will replace traditional industrial workers and become the dominant working groups. According to the current talent level in Zhongguancun, Beijing, 7% are masters and doctors, 20% are undergraduates, 20% are junior college students and 48% are graduate students. It is estimated that the number of employment opportunities that may increase after China's entry into the WTO will be120,000, and 2.4 million jobs will be created at high level (including some universities and technical colleges) after China's entry into the WTO. Therefore, the highest number of students now is far from meeting the needs of the future society. Will the current "Putin's high fever" and "high cold" affect the level of students? In the short run, it will have a negative impact on the school, but in the long run, it will not be affected. For the current "high cold", it is mainly because whenever the economic situation causes high cold in economically backward areas; Where the economy is developed, there will be stability and development. Shanghai Brian Accounting School has developed rapidly in recent years, which is a good example. Therefore, the economic development and the increase of jobs after China's entry into WTO will inevitably lead to the expansion of the school scale. At the same time, the introduction of new technologies, new standards and new industries will further stimulate higher prosperity. Foreign-funded institutions can provide some training, and international cooperation and private high schools will further develop, thus increasing the number of schools. Due to the late start and poor foundation, there is more room for expansion of relative scale. Second, after China's entry into WTO, higher education will be internationalized, and the internationalization of economic model will inevitably lead to the internationalization of higher education. Mutual recognition of diplomas is one of the signs of internationalization. Europe's "Teachers' Career Plan 2000" highlights the transnational exchange between students and teachers and the mutual recognition of graduate diplomas. After China's entry into WTO, foreign occupation will interfere with China's vocational education and training institutions. As long as they do not infringe on national sovereignty politically, abide by China's laws and policies, and meet the prescribed operating standards, they can recognize their diplomas. Of course, foreign enterprises must also recognize the official diplomas issued by our government and give them the same diploma treatment as foreign universities. 3. The further development of the higher education system continues to compete in the market. In the final analysis, the competition of enterprises is the competition of talents. To produce high-tech products, the rapid transformation of scientific and technological achievements is based on improving the quality of employees. American companies invest heavily in employee training. According to the statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor, since1early 1990s, the employee education expenses of American enterprises have directly exceeded 45 billion dollars, and it is expected that more funds will be invested in employee education in the next five years after 2000. After China's entry into WTO, enterprises will have to train financial personnel. Therefore, on-the-job training and on-the-job training will increase greatly, and senior high schools should give full play to their advantages of relatively high theoretical knowledge and strong practical ability, and make contributions to the revitalization of national industries in this respect. According to our agreement with the United States, China will not restrict the access of all service departments, so the non-academic education of large foreign enterprises will face competition from training institutions. If we occupy the education market of enterprise workers' training, the top higher education institutions in China must embody the latest technology and rules in the world in terms of professional quality and teaching materials, and have more complete training venues and equipment. 4. Top education will raise vocational education to a higher level and improve its position in education. Education reform is the development trend in the world today. UNESCO's "The First Decade of the 2 1 Century Technical and Vocational Education Plan": "Realization? -The Western Ellipse Rake escaped? The French skull in the sauce escapes from the FEHD line, and the cherry in Liannan is there? The position of Goushan veterinarian in the education system has developed to the stage of vocal music education and doctoral education in western countries, and both countries in Taiwan Province, China have postgraduate degrees. The economic development and industrial upgrading after China's entry into WTO objectively require improving the level of higher vocational education, rather than staying at the junior college level. In my opinion, the level of China should include three levels: junior college, undergraduate course and graduate student. My future general education and vocational education system should be gradually improved, junior high school-general education-university-graduate school; Primary residential school research and development center. A story of vocational education is not conducive to the development of higher education and students, nor to the cultivation of high-level technical applied talents. Today, one of the reasons for the low enrollment rate of top universities in China is that students and parents have not finished their higher vocational education. High schools must change the current charging status and develop at a low level. 5. The speed of curriculum renewal. The school education curriculum is the sum of the educational content choices to achieve the educational goals. Once China joins the WTO, industrial production standards, manufacturing processes, processing equipment, means of production, sales network and management will be very different from our current situation. These will inevitably be reflected in the curriculum and teaching materials. With the influx of more foreign enterprises, such as domestic and foreign enterprises, some legal problems will be encountered, and the contents of international law and economic law need to be added to the basic legal courses of schools. "The technical and vocational education plan for the 265,438+0 century in the first decade" points out that "the rapid globalization and technological progress and the uncertain economic prospect have redesigned the teaching plan (curriculum), so that TVET can fully ensure all members of society to meet the various needs of employment and re-employment." The changes of the world vocational edu education curriculum will definitely be reflected in my future vocational education curriculum update. Therefore, after China's entry into WTO, the school's curriculum and teaching materials will be greatly adjusted and updated. 6. The proportion of professional teachers will gradually expand. According to the forecast, China will be a 10493 teacher, but how will the appointment be changed? In order to quickly reflect the new technology and new technology, Italy has hired a large number of professionals from outside the school to teach, so that students can learn the latest knowledge needed by today's society. If professional designers design shoes for schools, they can give students the designs and latest styles, and school teachers are slow to update their knowledge and have low operational ability. Australia generally recruits vocational education teachers from professional and technical personnel with certain service years. The implementation of external teachers is mainly: first, improve the teaching quality and put an end to "Mr. Nan Guo"; Second, in order to reduce the burden on schools and reduce the cost of teaching. According to the rough statistics of our college, a group of full-time middle school teachers have eight classes a week, plus wages and class fees. Compared with external teachers, the school has to pay more than two-thirds of the expenses, including various bonuses and benefits. In addition, with the changes in the job market, schools will have to face new and outdated professional adjustment projects, and it is also a problem to arrange outdated professional teachers. Therefore, whether driven by external environment or internal environment, it is the general trend that the proportion of professional teachers in senior high schools is gradually increasing. 7. Students' skills will be diversified. In today's society, with the arrival of science and technology, the skills developed by students today may not be outdated when they graduate. Both the timing of Intel's strategy and Microsoft's slogan of "eliminating its own products" all waved to the fierce competition of technology upgrading without exception. Therefore, Singapore advocates "training students today for tomorrow's technology and serving the future". Generally speaking, the stronger the professionalism, the worse the adaptability. No one can accurately predict the future social changes and the adjustment of industrial structure; But one thing is emerging, that is, the production characteristics in the stage of mass industrialization will be replaced by the multi-category, small-batch and soft production characteristics in the stage of standardized knowledge industry. In order to enhance students' adaptability and employment competitiveness, vocational schools should cultivate students' multiple abilities, such as automobile maintenance and driving, machinery manufacturing and design, product development and marketing, and truly cultivate "multi-functional" compound talents. Editor's responsibility: Gao Qi comes from China Vocational Education 200 1No.1.

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Joining WTO and Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Higher Vocational Education

Huang Lizhi Xingtai Vocational and Technical College

After joining the WTO, it will have a great impact on China's social life and national economic structure, and the product structure of China's automobile, telecommunications, textile, clothing, construction, agriculture and other industries will undergo major adjustment and reorganization. In the whole education system, vocational education is the most sensitive to the economy, while higher vocational education will have the strongest and most obvious response to China's entry into WTO. The trend of higher vocational education in China after China's entry into WTO is, to a great extent, the development trend of higher technology and vocational education in the world.

First, the scale of higher vocational education continues to expand.

After China's entry into WTO, the number of higher vocational schools and students in China will greatly increase. There will be more employment opportunities in computer, telecommunications, medical and other industries. In these industries, knowledge workers will replace workers in traditional industries and become the dominant working group. According to the current talent level in Zhongguancun, Beijing, 7% are masters and doctors, 20% are undergraduates, 20% are junior college students, and 48% are secondary vocational graduates. Based on the possible increase of 654.38+200,000 employment opportunities after China's entry into WTO, the employment opportunities in higher vocational colleges (including higher vocational and technical colleges in ordinary universities) will increase by 2.4 million. Therefore, the current enrollment of higher vocational colleges is far from meeting the future social needs.

Will the current "high general fever" and "cold vocational education" affect the expansion of higher vocational education? It will have a negative impact on higher vocational education in the short term, but it will not in the long run. Because the current "cold vocational education" is mainly caused by the economic situation, where the economy is backward, vocational education will be cold; Where the economy is developed, higher vocational education will develop steadily. Shanghai Lixin Accounting School has developed rapidly in recent years, which is an example. Therefore, the economic development and the increase of jobs after China's entry into WTO will inevitably lead to the expansion of higher vocational education. At the same time, the introduction of new technologies, new standards and new industries will also stimulate the further prosperity of higher vocational education. Foreign-funded enterprises may set up some training institutions, and private higher vocational colleges and international cooperation in running schools will further develop, thus increasing the number of higher vocational colleges. Due to the late start and poor foundation of higher vocational education, there is more room for expanding the scale.

Second, higher vocational education will be internationalized.

After China's entry into WTO, the internationalization of economic model will inevitably lead to the internationalization of higher vocational education. One of the signs of internationalization is mutual recognition of diplomas. Europe's "2000 Vocational Teaching Plan" emphasizes the transnational exchange between students and teachers, and mutual recognition of diplomas. China's entry into WTO will make foreign vocational education and training institutions involved in vocational education in China. As long as it does not politically harm national sovereignty, does not violate the relevant laws and policies of our country, and meets the prescribed business standards, it can recognize its diploma. Of course, foreign enterprises must also recognize the official diplomas issued by our government on the basis of reciprocity and give them the same treatment as foreign equivalent university diplomas.

Third, the further development of continuing education in higher vocational education system.

The competition between the market and enterprises is, in the final analysis, the competition for talents. In order to produce high-tech products, it is a prerequisite to quickly transform scientific and technological achievements and improve the quality of employees. American companies have invested a lot of money in employee training. According to the statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor, since the 1990s, American enterprises have spent more than $45 billion directly on employee education, and it is estimated that more funds will be invested in employee education in the five years around 2000. After China's entry into WTO, enterprises will inevitably spend money on staff training. Therefore, on-the-job training and pre-job training will increase greatly. Higher vocational colleges should give full play to their advantages of relatively high theoretical knowledge and strong practical ability, and make due contributions to the revitalization of national industries in this respect.

According to the agreement reached between China and the United States, China will not restrict the entry of all service industries, so non-academic education will face competition with foreign training institutions of large enterprises. In order to occupy the education market of enterprise staff training, China's higher vocational colleges must have high professional quality of teachers, teaching materials that can reflect the latest international technologies and rules, and relatively complete training venues and equipment.

Fourth, higher vocational education will develop to a higher level.

Paying attention to vocational education and improving its position in education is the development trend of educational reform in the world today. UNESCO's "Technical and Vocational Education Plan for the First Decade of 2 1 Century" suggests: "Realization? What happened? Hey? Run away? The south is called cherry blossom? The position of veterinarians in the education system. " The vocational education in western countries has developed to the stage of doctoral education, and the second national highway (technical post) in Taiwan Province Province of China has already had a postgraduate degree. After China's entry into WTO, economic development and upgrading of industrial structure objectively require improving the level of higher vocational education, but it is impossible to stay at the junior college level. The author believes that China's higher vocational education should include three levels: junior college, undergraduate course and graduate student. In the future, China should gradually improve the dual-track system of general education and vocational education, that is, junior high school-ordinary high school-university-graduate school; Junior high school-vocational high school-vocational high school -R&D center. The capping of vocational education is not conducive to the further study and development of higher vocational students, nor to the cultivation of high-level technical applied talents. At present, the registration rate of higher vocational colleges in China is low, one of the reasons is that students and parents are not satisfied with the final higher vocational education. To realize the rapid development of higher vocational education, we must change the current situation of high fees and low level.

Fifth, the update speed of course content is accelerated.

Curriculum is the sum total of educational contents selected to achieve the educational goals of the school. After China's entry into WTO, the production standards, manufacturing technology, processing equipment, means of production, sales network and management of industrial products will be very different from the current situation in China. These must be reflected in the course content and teaching materials. For example, with the influx of more foreign enterprises, domestic and foreign enterprises will encounter some legal problems, and it is necessary to add the contents of international law and economic law to the basic course of law in higher vocational colleges. The technical and vocational education plan for the first decade of the 20th century (2 1) holds that "the rapid progress of global technology and uncertain economic prospects require the redesign of teaching plans (courses) to ensure that TVET can fully meet the various needs of all social members in employment and re-employment". The changes of the world vocational education curriculum will also be reflected in the updating of the curriculum content of China vocational education in the future. Therefore, after China's entry into WTO, the courses and teaching materials of higher vocational colleges will be greatly adjusted and updated.

Six, the proportion of foreign professional teachers will gradually expand.

It is predicted that teachers will be popular after China's entry into WTO, but how to appoint teachers will change. In order to quickly reflect the new technology and new technology, Italy has hired a large number of professionals from outside the school to teach, so that students can learn the latest knowledge needed by today's society. For example, professional designers are invited to attend the class of leather shoes design, which can teach students the latest design concepts and make up for the lack of slow knowledge update and low practical ability of school teachers. Australia generally recruits vocational education teachers from professional and technical personnel with certain working years. First, in order to improve the quality of teaching and eliminate "Mr. Nanguo"; The second is to reduce the burden on schools and reduce the cost of teaching. According to the rough statistics of our college, a full-time teacher with intermediate title has 8 classes a week, plus salary and class time fee. Compared with an external teacher, the school has to pay two-thirds more every year, not to mention all kinds of bonuses and benefits. What's more, with the change of the job market, schools will have to face the adjustment of outdated majors and the introduction of new majors, and the arrangement of teachers for outdated majors is also a problem. Therefore, whether driven by external environment or influenced by internal factors, it is the general trend that the proportion of foreign teachers among professional teachers in higher vocational colleges is gradually increasing.

Seven, students' skills will tend to be diversified.

In today's society, science and technology are advancing by leaps and bounds, and today's skills training for students is likely to be outdated before graduation. Whether it is Intel's timing strategy or Microsoft's slogan of "eliminating its own products", it indicates that the competition for technological upgrading is severe. Therefore, Singapore advocates "cultivating today's students and serving the future with tomorrow's technology". Generally speaking, the stronger the professional pertinence, the worse the adaptability. It is difficult for anyone to accurately predict the future social changes and industrial restructuring; But one thing has emerged, that is, the characteristics of large-scale and standardized production in the industrialization stage will be replaced by the characteristics of multi-category, small-scale and flexible production in the knowledge industry stage. In order to enhance the vocational adaptability and employment competitiveness of higher vocational students and meet the diversified needs of the future society, we should cultivate students with multiple abilities such as automobile maintenance and driving, machinery manufacturing and design, product development and marketing, and truly cultivate "multi-functional" compound talents.

Editor in charge: Gao Qi

Selected from China vocational and technical education (No.1 1).