Take you to understand several factors that affect stone polishing.

In addition to the color of the product, the beauty of stone is mainly reflected in the gloss of the product, so the polishing of the product is a very important and key link. How to polish products to achieve the best results, we must first understand the materials, methods and principles of polishing. The following briefly introduces the principle of stone polishing and several factors that affect stone polishing, hoping to help you. The introduction of the principle of stone polishing will help you understand several factors that affect stone polishing.

material

Stone polishing plate

The main polishing materials are chromium oxide (Cr2O3), white corundum (M 1.0), alumina (Al2O3) and oxalic acid (COOH2).

There are generally two kinds of polishing grindstones: resin polishing blocks; Resin polishing disc.

Polishing of products: put the polishing grindstone on the processed products, and use the rapid operation of mechanical equipment and "dry polishing and wet polishing" to achieve the polishing effect. There will be strong reflected light on the surface of the product, commonly known as gloss.

principle

The principle of polishing is mainly embodied in two aspects: the principle of particle grinding; Principles of physical chemistry.

1. Particle grinding: When the abrasive particles are coarsely ground to coarsely ground and polished, the grinding marks of the abrasive on the stone surface are coarse to fine, and then there are no traces to the naked eye, so the surface is smooth, flat and delicate. When the depth reaches 1 10 micron, the machined surface presents mirror luster, radiant and bright color.

Particle grinding includes the following steps:

(1) Rough grinding: It is required that the abrasive feed is deep, the grinding efficiency is high, the grinding line is thick, and the grinding surface is rough, mainly to remove the saw blade traces left by the previous process and grind the flatness and modeling surface of the product in place;

(2) Semi-fine grinding: coarse grinding marks are removed to form new fine lines, and the processed surface of the product is smooth and flat;

③ Fine grinding: After fine grinding, the pattern, particles and color of the product have been clearly displayed, and the surface is fine and smooth, and it begins to have a faint luster;

(4) Fine grinding: the processed product has no visible trace. The surface is getting smoother and smoother, and the gloss is about 40~50 degrees;

⑤ Polishing: The surface is as bright as a mirror, with a certain mirror luster (above 85 degrees).

2. Physical and chemical principles: There are two polishing processes, namely "dry polishing and wet polishing". When the polishing grindstone is between "wet and dry", physical and chemical effects will occur in stone products. When the surface temperature of stone increases, the water will evaporate, which will lead to the increase of the concentration of polished grindstone, thus achieving the strengthening effect. The gloss of the product began to meet the ideal requirements, and the gloss reached more than 85 degrees.

Polishing the grindstone on the processed product. When the polished product becomes hot, add water to the surface to cool it. Continuous or large amounts of water are not allowed. Otherwise, the lubrication effect of water will make the polishing not achieve the ideal effect, and dry polishing can not be used at all. Excessive temperature will burn the surface and cause cracks on the surface.

Generally speaking, the glossiness of products after fine grinding is about 40~50, but some stones can't reach the glossiness after fine grinding, such as Shanxi Black, Black Gold Sand and Jining Black. However, the gloss of this kind of products after fine grinding is only between 20 and 30 degrees, which is not enough to be explained by the previous particle grinding principle. This product is "wet and dry" in polishing, which strengthens the polishing process in the process of heating and cooling.

3 stone polishing equipment stone professional polishing machine

4 several factors affecting stone polishing The effect of stone polishing depends on two aspects: first, the polishing process adopted is an artificial external cause; Second, the stone itself has "congenital" internal causes.

If the internal factors of the stone itself are not considered, the main factors affecting the polishing of the stone are the types of polishing agents, polishing liquid (paste), polishing abrasives, polishing discs (tools, grinding blocks) and polishing process parameters.

(1) Type of polishing agent

Although polishing agent is a special polishing material, the difference between it and grinding material is mainly manifested in the processing mechanism. In principle, some micro-powder materials with low hardness can also be used as polishing agents. But in general, high hardness polishing agent is better than low hardness polishing agent, and its application range is wide. Diamond polishing powder can achieve satisfactory polishing effect on most stone materials.

(2) Polishing solution (paste)

Water is a common polishing solution. It can not only play the role of grinding and cooling, but also be used as a medium for physical and chemical action in the polishing process.

If the polishing of stone is mainly mechanical grinding, such as diamond micropowder, oil-based organic liquid, such as sewing machine oil, is generally used for polishing. Its cooling, lubricating and dispersing effects are excellent.

Diamond grinding paste contains both water and oil, and colorant can also be added. Its formula is: abrasive+dispersant+carrier+water+colorant.

(3), polishing disc (tools, grinding block)

Smooth stone panel is a kind of performance processing of stone surface polishing, and metal hard disk is often used as polishing disk. The polished surface of floppy disk polishing is easy to yield to concave surface when pressing stone, which is suitable for globoidal polishing. Dielectric hard disk has good wear resistance, good adsorption and certain elasticity, and has good polishing effect on flat stone.

(4), polishing process parameters

The process parameters include the concentration and supply of polishing agent, pressure and linear velocity during polishing, etc. Before it is less than a certain concentration value, the polishing speed increases with the increase of polishing agent concentration. After the concentration reaches the maximum value, if the concentration is increased, the polishing speed will decrease. Similarly, when the supply of polishing agent is at a certain value, the polishing speed is the highest, and then if the supply continues to increase, the polishing speed will decrease. Increasing the polishing pressure properly can improve the polishing speed, but too high a pressure will enhance the polishing effect, which is not conducive to the formation of a smooth surface. The polishing speed depends on the rotating speed of the polishing disc (tool), but if the linear speed is too large, the polishing agent will be thrown out, resulting in waste.

(5) The quality of the previous procedure and the roughness of the stone surface.

If we consider the internal factors of stone itself, such as the mineral composition of stone, it is mainly manifested in the technological characteristics of stone polishing.

① Stones with different mineral compositions have different polishing process characteristics. For example, stone materials dominated by serpentine minerals, such as large flowers and green marble, are tough stones that can be polished, but they are not easy to polish.

② Marble contains a certain amount of soil minerals, which will also affect the gloss of stone. A typical example is the red Anhui snail in Anhui. The name of this rock is stratabound biolimestone. The plate sawed in parallel plane is a flower-shaped biological pattern, which is more like a mussel and very beautiful. However, because the ore contains a certain amount of clay minerals, it is difficult for the polished plate to reach a gloss of more than 85.

(3) Loose granite, usually yunchang mineral, is weathered to some extent (clay or hydromica), and its polishing effect is difficult to reach the polishing level of fresh granite. This should be the quality of stone.

④ Theoretically, different minerals should use different polishing agents. Polishing is a fine processing technology of stone, which some people call surface polishing technology. There are many factors affecting stone polishing, including technological conditions and parameters in the polishing process, types of polishing agents, auxiliary materials and polishing discs (tools and blocks), mineral composition and quality of stone.