What are the effects of psychology?

Question 1: What are the psychological effects? This is a big question. Psychology itself is a subject with many branches. There are different psychological phenomena in general psychology, social psychology, physiological psychology, personality psychology and other disciplines. Here, some of the most common "cognitive bias effects" in social psychology are provided:

Halo effect (halo effect): After forming a good or bad impression of a certain characteristic of a person, He also tends to infer other characteristics of the person based on this;

Primacy effect (first impression): refers to the impact of the first impression formed by both parties on future relationships;

Recency effect: refers to the phenomenon that the most recent part of the impression of the other party is better than the previous part;

Social stereotypes (experience stereotypes): a fixed set of views on various types of people. And use this as the basis for judging and evaluating his personality;

Labeling effect: When a person is labeled by a word name, he will manage his self-image so that his behavior will be consistent with the label. The label contents are consistent.

Question 2: How many psychological effects are there? Psychology is better at summarizing and classifying people's psychology, which is called psychological effect. The following are 35 psychological effects that we often hear

1. Wallach effect

Otto Wallach is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His success The process is legendary. When Wallach started middle school, his parents chose a literary path for him. Unexpectedly, after one semester, the teacher wrote this comment for him: "Wallach is very hardworking. But he is too rigid and it is difficult to cultivate literary talent." "After that, his parents asked him to study oil painting, but Wallach was neither good at composition nor polishing, and his grades were last in the class. Faced with such a "clumsy" student, most of the teachers thought that he had no hope of success. Only the chemistry teacher believed that he was meticulous and had the qualities to do good chemical experiments, so he suggested that he study chemistry. At this time, Wallach's spark of wisdom was suddenly ignited. , and finally succeeded. Wallach's success illustrates the truth: students' intellectual development is uneven, and they all have strong points and weaknesses in intelligence. Once they find the best point to exert their intelligence and give full play to their intelligence, they can achieve great results. Amazing results. Later generations called this phenomenon the "Wallach effect."

2. Threshold effect

The so-called threshold effect means that after a person accepts lower-level requirements, with appropriate guidance, he will often gradually accept higher-level requirements. This effect was proposed by American social psychologists Friedman and Fraser in 1966 during a field experiment on no-pressure submission: the threshold technique.

3. The biological effect

There is such a phenomenon in nature: when a plant grows alone, it appears short and monotonous, but when it grows with many similar plants, it looks short and monotonous. The roots are deep and the leaves are luxuriant, full of vitality. People call this phenomenon of mutual influence and mutual promotion in the plant kingdom the "biogenetic effect." In fact, there is also a "birth effect" in our human population. From 1901 to 1982, 25 Nobel laureates appeared in the British "Cardive Laboratory", which is an outstanding example of the "*** biological effect".

4. Stereotype effect

Social psychology believes that the impact of looking at people with old eyes is called the "stereotype effect." It is a fixed and general view of people, resulting in a stereotype. This phenomenon can often be seen in schools. Teachers often show affection for students who are talented and have excellent academic performance, and they are valued and favored. Students with stupid talents and poor academic performance are often discriminated against. Teachers show impatience and boredom, and often use frustrating words on their lips. Practice has proved that students who are often subjected to this kind of "treatment" will suddenly feel cold water pouring on them, lose their confidence in learning, lose the courage to overcome difficulties, and even develop a decadent mood.

5. Primacy effect

The primacy effect is sometimes called the effect of first impression, which refers to the impact of the first impression left by the perceived object on the perceiver on social perception. effect. Specifically, when you come into contact with someone or something for the first time, you create a psychological stereotype with emotional factors towards someone or something, which affects your subsequent evaluation of that person or something. So, we can see that this effect is detrimental to gathering the right intelligence for analysis in decision-making. Whether the first impression is good or bad, it is one-sided and not conducive to comprehensive understanding and analysis.

The effect of the first impression is called the primacy effect. It is often biased to evaluate a person's quality based on first impression. If you only rely on first impressions when taking recruitment exams and evaluating employee performance, you will be deceived by certain superficial phenomena.

There are two main aspects of the primacy effect in the recruitment process: First, judging people by their appearance. Applicants who are well-groomed and personable are likely to win the favor of the examiner. The second is to judge people by their words. Those who are eloquent and answer questions fluently often leave a good impression on others. Therefore, when selecting talents, we should not only listen to their words and observe their appearance, but also observe their actions and test their performance.

6. Recency effect

The recency effect means that the recent performance of someone or something takes precedence in the mind, thus changing the consistent perception of that person or thing. view. The recency effect and the primacy effect are two corresponding effects. The primacy effect generally affects people in unfamiliar situations, while the recency effect generally affects people in more familiar situations. Both are subjective assumptions based on one-sided understanding of people or things, which distorts decision-making information.

7. Halo effect (halo effect)

The halo effect means that someone or something leaves a deep impression due to its outstanding characteristics, while ignoring other Psychological and behavioral qualities. It sometimes produces a "halo of positive affirmation", sometimes it produces "...gt;gt;

Question 3: What are some amazing psychological effects 1. Murphy's Law "Murphy's Law" is a psychological effect proposed by Edward A. Murphy. Main contents: 1. Nothing is as simple as it seems; 2. Everything is better than you are. The expected time is long; 3. Things that can go wrong will always go wrong; 4. If you are worried about a certain situation happening, then it is more likely to happen. The original sentence of Murphy's Law is this: If there are two or two. If you do something in the above ways, and one of the choices will lead to disaster, someone will definitely make this choice. The main content of Murphy's Law is: If there is a possibility that things will go bad, regardless of the possibility. No matter how small it is, it will always happen. Look at work and life trivial matters with an optimistic attitude. Pessimism can only make things worse. Why not be happy? 2. The Matthew Effect is a phenomenon in which the strong become stronger and the weak become weaker. The Tai effect is a term commonly used by sociologists and economists. It reflects the social phenomenon of polarization, with the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. The name comes from a fable in the New Testament Matthew: "For those who have, give them double to make them redundant; for those who don't have, even what they have must be taken away." The ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu once put forward a similar idea: "The way of heaven is to make up for the excess if it is damaged." The way of man is not like that, if the loss is not enough, there will be more than enough. 3. The broken window effect theory believes that if undesirable phenomena in the environment are allowed to exist, it will induce people to follow suit or even worsen. If a window in a house is broken and no one repairs it, other windows will be inexplicably damaged soon after. When people break a wall, if there are some graffiti that are not cleaned away, the wall will soon be covered with messy and unsightly things; in a very clean place, people are embarrassed to throw away garbage, but once there is garbage on the ground, , people will throw it away without hesitation and without any sense of shame. The environment sometimes makes people lose their judgment. In a chaotic environment, only by adhering to morality and principles can a person's cultivation be reflected. 4. Barrel Law 1. How much water a bucket can hold depends on its shortest piece of wood.

In order for a barrel to be filled with water, each wooden board must be even and undamaged. If one of the wooden boards of the bucket is uneven or there is a hole under a certain wooden board, the bucket cannot be filled with water. How much water a barrel can hold does not depend on the longest board, but on the shortest board. It can also be called the short board effect. Only a person who can fully understand his own strengths and weaknesses can break through the limitations of shortcomings and exert his due strength. 5. Herd effect: Sheep are a very scattered organization. They usually rush left and right blindly when they are together, but once one sheep starts to move, the other sheep will rush forward without thinking, completely regardless of the possibility ahead. There are wolves or there is better grass not far away. Therefore, the "herding effect" is a metaphor that people have a herd mentality. Herd mentality can easily lead to blind obedience, and blind obedience often leads to scams or failure. People will follow what the public agrees, deny their own opinions by default, and will not think subjectively about the meaning of events. Blind obedience is never a good thing. 6. Watch Law: Owning two or more watches cannot help people judge the time more accurately. Instead, it will create confusion and make the watchers lose their judgment of time. This is the famous watch law. Another meaning of the watch theorem is that everyone cannot choose two different codes of conduct or values ??at the same time, otherwise that person's behavior will be in chaos. The same set of codes should be used to treat others and oneself. 7. The 80/20 Law The 80/20 Law is also known as the 80/20 Law, Pareto's Law (Law), also known as Barrett's Law, the Law of Least Effort, the Imbalance Principle, etc., and is widely used in sociology and business management. This 80/20 rule has been extended time and time again. Economists say that 20% of people hold 80% of wealth in their hands. There are two kinds of people. The first kind occupies 80% and owns 20% of the wealth; the second kind only occupies 20% but controls 80% of the wealth. Psychology: 20-year-olds have 80-year-old wisdom concentrated in them, and they stand out from the crowd as soon as they are born. The "28/20 rule" in daily life: The following is the embodiment of the 28/20 rule in life. 20 people succeed----......gt;gt;

Question 4: Psychology What is the significance of the top ten effects in The Butterfly Effect (The Butterfly Effect) refers to a dynamic system in which small changes in initial conditions can drive long-term huge chain reactions of the entire system. This is a chaotic phenomenon. A butterfly flapping its wings in the tropics can cause a hurricane in a distant country.

American meteorologist Edward Lorenz analyzed this effect in a paper submitted to the New York Academy of Sciences in 1963. "One meteorologist noted that if this theory were proven correct, the flapping of a seagull's wings could change the weather forever." In later lectures and papers he used the more poetic butterfly. The most common explanation of this effect is: "A butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil can cause a tornado in Texas a month later."

The origin of this sentence is due to The meteorologist created a computer program that simulated changes in climate and represented them with images. In the end, he discovered that the image was chaotic and very much like the open wings of a butterfly, so he vividly interpreted the image in the form of "a butterfly flapping its wings", and thus he came up with the above statement.

The butterfly effect is usually used in more complex systems such as weather and stock markets that are difficult to predict within a certain period of time. This effect shows that the results of the development of things are extremely sensitive to initial conditions. A very small deviation from the initial conditions will cause a huge difference in the results.

The butterfly effect is used in sociology circles to explain: a bad and tiny mechanism, if not guided and adjusted in time, will bring great harm to society, jokingly called a "tornado" or "storm" "; A good and small mechanism, as long as it is guided correctly, will produce a sensational effect, or a "revolution" after a period of hard work.

The butterfly effect also often appears in chaos theory. Also called nonlinear.

Bucket effect The meaning of the "barrel" effect is: the amount of water contained in a barrel with uneven edges does not depend on the longest piece of wood on the barrel, but on the shortest piece of wood on the barrel. A child's comprehensive academic performance is like a big wooden barrel, and each subject's academic performance is an indispensable piece of wood that makes up this big wooden barrel. The stable formation of children's good academic performance cannot rely on outstanding performance in certain subjects, but should depend on its overall condition, especially on some of its weak links. Therefore, when it is discovered that a child has deficiencies in certain subjects, the child should be promptly reminded so that he can spend more time on this subject so as to "learn from each other's strengths." Place a wooden stick horizontally in front of a group of sheep. If the first sheep jumps over, the second and third sheep will also jump over. At this time, if you remove the stick, the sheep behind will still jump here. Like the sheep in front, jump up even though the stick blocking the road is no longer there. This is the so-called "herding effect", also known as "herd mentality". It refers to a common phenomenon in the market behavior of some enterprises in management science. It means that due to insufficient information and lack of understanding, it is difficult for investors to make reasonable expectations about the future uncertainty of the market. They often extract information by observing the behavior of the people around them. In the continuous transmission of this information, Many people's messages will be roughly the same and reinforce each other, resulting in herd behavior. "Herding effect" is a non-linear mechanism of collective irrational behavior caused by individual rational behavior.

Herding behavior is a typical phenomenon in the field of behavioral finance, which cannot be explained by mainstream financial theory. In economics, the “herding effect” is often used to describe the herd mentality of economic individuals. The flock of sheep is a very scattered organization. They usually rush left and right blindly when they are together, but once one sheep starts to move, the other sheep will rush forward without thinking, regardless of whether there may be a wolf in front or not far away. There is better grass everywhere. Therefore, the "herding effect" is a metaphor that people have a herd mentality. Herd mentality can easily lead to blind obedience, and blind obedience often leads to scams or failure.

The herd effect generally occurs in a very competitive industry, and there is a leader (leader) in this industry that occupies the main attention, then the entire herd will continue to imitate this Every move of the leader sheep, wherever the leader goes to "graze", other sheep also go to "dig for gold". English name: Catfish Effect

The Catfish Effect is a means or measure to activate some companies to actively participate in the market and actively participate in competition, thus activating other companies in the same industry in the market. Its essence is a negative incentive and the secret to activating the workforce.

Catfish, a species...gt;gt;

Question 5: What are the top ten effects in psychology? Psychological effect is a common psychological phenomenon and law in social life; it is a causal reaction or chain reaction in which the behavior or function of a certain person or thing causes corresponding changes in other people or things. Like anything, it has both positive and negative aspects. Therefore, correctly recognizing, understanding, mastering and utilizing psychological effects plays a very important role and significance in people's daily life and work.

Here are ten psychological effects:

1. Butterfly effect

Lorenz, a meteorologist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States ) concluded that he had discovered a new phenomenon: "extreme instability with respect to initial values." Also known as the "butterfly effect", the flapping wings of butterflies in Asia will cause tornadoes more powerful than strong winds to appear in the Americas in a few months! The butterfly effect refers to the impact of "one thing" on the result. Just like changing a little bit of data, the result of the calculation will be very different.

2. Barrel effect

How much water can be filled in a barrel depends on the shortest wooden board. This is the famous barrel effect

3. Herd effect

A flock (collective) is a very scattered organization. Usually everyone rushes left and right together blindly.

If a sheep discovers a fertile green pasture and eats fresh grass there, the subsequent sheep will rush up and compete for the grass there, completely ignoring the eager wolf next to them, or not being able to see other other sheep. There is better green grass.

4. Catfish effect

Norwegians love to eat sardines. After catching sardines at sea, if they can be brought to port alive, the selling price will be several times higher than that of dead fish. However, because sardines are lazy and do not like to exercise, and the return journey is long, the caught sardines often die as soon as they return to the dock. There is only one fisherman whose sardines are always alive, and the reason is that there is a catfish in his fish tank. It turns out that when the catfish are put into the fish tank, they will swim around because of the unfamiliar environment. When the sardines discover this alien molecule, they will also become nervous and swim faster. In this way, the sardines will return to the port alive. This is the so-called "catfish effect."

5. Halo effect

People's cognition and judgment of people often only start from the partial and diffuse to arrive at the overall impression, that is, they often generalize. If a person is marked as good, he will be enveloped in a positive and affirmative aura and given all good qualities; if a person is marked as bad, he will be enveloped in a negative and negative aura. Overshadowed and thought to have various bad qualities.

6. First impression effect

Let both students answer half of the 30 questions correctly, but let student A try to get the questions correct in the first 15 questions, and Let Student B answer the questions correctly in the last 15 questions as much as possible, and then let some subjects evaluate the two students: Comparing the two, who is smarter? The results showed that most subjects thought Student A was smarter. This is the first impression effect. The impression left by people in their first interaction forms and occupies a dominant position in the other person's mind. This effect is the first impression effect.

7. Recency effect

When multiple emotions appear at the same time, the formation of the impression mainly depends on the emotions that appear later, that is, in the process of communication, our understanding of The most recent and latest understanding of others takes the dominant position, covering up the evaluation of others formed in the past. Therefore, it is also called the "novel effect". For a friend you haven’t seen for many years, the deepest impression in your mind is actually the scene when you say goodbye; a friend always makes you angry, but when you talk about the reasons for your anger, you can only give two or three reasons. This is also a kind of Manifestation of recency effect. These two phenomena are very common in learning and interpersonal communication.

8. Pygmalion Effect (Self-fulfilling Prophecy)

In essence, the implication is that people’s emotions and concepts will be affected by other people’s subconscious to varying degrees. People unconsciously accept the influence and cues of people they like, admire, trust and worship. And this hint is one of the cornerstones of making your dreams come true...

9. Matthew Effect (Matthew Effect) means that good things get better, bad things get worse, and the more they are, the better they are. A phenomenon in which more means less. The name comes from a parable in the Gospel of Matthew in the Bible. Robert Morton summarized the "Matthew Effect" as: once any individual, group or region achieves success and progress in a certain aspect (such as money, reputation, status, etc.), it will have an accumulated advantage and there will be more opportunities. More opportunities for greater success and progress. This term was later borrowed by the economics community to reflect the phenomenon of unfair income distribution in winner-take-all economics where the poor get poorer and the rich get richer.

10. The back-and-forth effect

Generally speaking...gt；gt;

Question 6: What are some amazing psychology Effect●The best way to ruin a good song is to set it as your wake-up alarm.

●Women make decisions faster than men.

●Crime-stopping research shows that more women than men resist when they encounter bad guys 25.

●About 2/3 or 4/5 of alcoholics are men.

Only one in ten husbands will live with an alcoholic wife; but nine out of ten wives will continue to live with an alcoholic husband.

●More single men commit crimes than married men, while fewer single women commit crimes than married women.

●The woman doesn’t take out the key until she reaches the door of the house, but the man has already taken it out. When women strike a match, they always draw the match out, while men always strike it in. Perhaps the woman is afraid of burning herself.

●It is said that when you have insomnia, you will appear in other people's dreams.

●The degree to which a person likes you is generally proportional to the speed at which he replies to your text messages.

●According to the British "Daily Mail" report: A study found that playing with mobile phones and frequently sending emails before going to bed will affect the quality of sleep, make the mood worse the next day, and make people prone to anxiety. , frustrated.

●Summarize all your misfortunes into one sentence, and then ask yourself: "Will this still be important to you in 3 years?" I believe the problem will be solved.

●Like someone is a feeling, but not liking someone is a fact. Facts are easy to explain, but feelings are hard to describe.

●If you look in the mirror for a long time, you will find that you look strange in the mirror.

●88.8 people’s mood improved after crying, while only 8.4 people felt worse after crying. People in their 70s don't hide from others when they cry, 77s cry at home, 39s cry in the evening, 6pm to 8pm is the time when they are most likely to shed tears.

●When two men chase a woman, the one who is more affectionate will give up first; when two women chase a man, the one who is more affectionate will give up first.

●Psychologists from the University of Granada in Spain found in a study on children’s education and education on the concept of death: the higher the education level, the less afraid of death. At the same time, this characteristic will also affect their offspring.

●The best way to make others like you is not to help them, but to let them help you. This is the Benjamin Franklin effect.

●A large number of psychological studies have found that the earlier you get married, the higher the quality of your marriage. But people prefer to believe their own logic: the longer they wait, the better the result. Research shows that waiting only makes sense for people under 22. Because marrying earlier than 22 years old, the success rate of marriage will drop sharply. But there is no need to wait after the age of 22. After the age of 30, the failure rate of marriage is also increasing.

●Lack of sleep will make you gain weight easily. When normal sleep time is deprived, the body produces large amounts of anti-stress hormones to slow down metabolism and increase appetite the next day.

●Evolutionary expert Satoshi Kanazawa said that men who are loyal to their partners have an average IQ of 103, while men who are disloyal have an average IQ of 97. The higher the IQ of a man, the more he cherishes the exclusiveness of the relationship between the sexes. . From now on, you can say this: If you are unfaithful, you are retarded!

●I carry the mobile phone I just bought in my pocket. I am afraid it will be stolen on the bus, so I check to see if it is still there every once in a while. But the phone was eventually stolen. Because you are afraid of it happening, you will be very concerned about it. The more focused you are, the easier it is to make mistakes. This is the famous Murphy's theorem.

●Showing off comes from inner lack of confidence. Psychology believes that "loving to show off to others" is a manifestation of the inner need to be noticed and affirmed. It is probably because you don't often have something. Once you have it, you hope to build self-confidence through the envy of the outside world.

●If a man takes the initiative to carry your bag, puts you on the side of the road, or pulls out a chair for you. Don't be grateful for this, it just means that he has countless girlfriends who have taught him this before. And the woman who can make him remember is always the one who changed him, not you.

●Psychological research shows that men speak an average of 2,000 words a day, and women speak 7,000 words a day. After a day at work, my husband finished his 2,000 words at the company. When he got home, he just wanted to rest.

And my wife still has 5,000 words left to say, so she has to finish them before going to sleep. Then many tragedies happened.

●Psychologically speaking, most people only lose their temper with people who have a level of safety, because within that level of safety, you subconsciously know that the other person will not leave you. Bullshit is sometimes a form of dependence.

●The survey showed that after the test, 55% of the people thought that changing the answers would harm their performance, and only 15.5% thought it would improve it. But the actual situation is: 58 answers were corrected, 20 answers were corrected wrong, and 22 answers were wrong...gt;gt;

Question 7: What are some surprising things? Hello, amazing psychological effects. I’m happy to answer your questions. I don’t know what psychological effects you want to know about? Because of different perceptions of individuals, the definition of "amazing" will also be different. There are many psychological effects, and there are many categories.

I recommend you to read: "60 Psychological Effects That Change Your Life" and "40 Studies that Change Psychology", which all talk about some classic psychological effects.

The following is selected from "60 Psychological Effects That Change Your Life":

Barnum Effect: The most valuable thing is self-knowledge, but the most difficult thing is self-knowledge

Law of Cause and Effect: Any kind of result The emergence of is not accidental

The Wallach Effect: Find your best starting point

The Imprinting Effect: The first one is not necessarily the "master"

Three One-half effect: What seems to be the first thing is not necessarily the best

Law of inertia: Destiny is often dominated by habits

Halo effect: Love the house and the whole thing and generalize the whole

Terry's Law: Any correction is progress

Watch Theorem: More standards will make you at a loss

Mushroom Principle: Without dormancy in a cocoon, where can Come and transform into the beauty of a butterfly

The Eighty-Eight Rule: Find and make full use of the most critical resources

The Shadow of the Giant: Have the courage to face up to your own shortcomings

The herd effect ：It is better to think independently

Status effect: analyze rationally, do not follow blindly

Reflection law: the external world reflects your inner reality

Zigarnik Effect: Some stress is normal, don’t be too nervous about it

Loews’ Theorem: Be humble and listen to the opinions of people around you

Seligman Effect: There is no desperate environment, only a desperate mentality

The Law of Expectation: Only with dreams can there be hope

The Law of Firm Faith: Only with firm belief can ideals be realized

Billen’s Law: Failure is also an opportunity

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Broken Window Effect: Things that are already broken are more likely to be damaged

Wild Horse Ending: Control your bad emotions

Wallenda Effect: Focus on the thing itself, not Worrying about gains and losses

Catfish effect: Keep yourself moderately nervous

Schwartz’s conclusion: Happiness has no reliance, it is all in your own hands

Hawthorne effect: Vent appropriately , and then travel lightly

The Beggar Effect: Don’t be arrogant when times are good, and don’t be desperate when times are bad

The Caigoni Effect: Take control of yourself and enjoy the joy of a balanced life

The Law of Not Worth It: Things that are not worth doing will definitely not be done well

The kicking cat effect: Don’t be the transmitter of bad emotions

Sweet Lemon Psychology: Accept yourself and find your own advantages

Principle of reciprocity: When getting along with others, you might as well give a little first

Projection effect: Don’t always judge others by your own preferences

Hedgehog effect: Harmonious relationships depend on Achieved at a suitable distance

Preference effect: If you want to catch fish, you must first know what fish like to eat

South wind effect: Those who touch people's hearts are better than others

Sandwich Effect: Make criticism more palatable

The Friend Effect: Make yourself a liked “one of your own”

Rosenthal Effect: People will become what you imagine they will be Medium appearance

Marginal effect: Giving timely help is better than icing on the cake

White space effect: leaving appropriate space for others

Business card effect: showing yourself appropriately

Goodman’s Theorem: Listening is better than telling to win the trust of others

Primacy effect: Seize the opportunity of first impression

Mutual pleasure mechanism: If you like him, he will like you

The Law of Attraction: Changing your life starts with changing your thoughts

The Caterpillar Effect: Keep your head down while rushing, but also look up at the road

Achievement motivation: Install yourself an "engine" for success

Giegler's theorem: Set a high goal for yourself

Flywheel effect: Don't be afraid of difficulties at the beginning. To hold on is to win