Cultural Relics Protection of Xi 'an City Wall

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, the restoration and protection of Xi 'an city wall had gone through a tortuous course. Due to the limitation of history and the influence of "Left" trend of thought, Xi 'an city wall was in danger of being completely demolished several times. Fortunately, due to the persistence of some national leaders, provincial and municipal leaders, experts and scholars and people from all walks of life who attach great importance to historical and cultural protection, Xi 'an city wall survived the fate of being demolished and ushered in a turning point of fate after the reform and opening up.

1983 began large-scale restoration, and the wall maintenance and reinforcement project was carried out according to the principles of "repairing the old as the old" and "not changing the original state of cultural relics" and the wall structure code of Qing Dynasty. By the end of 1990, it was basically completed, and the following two aspects of projects were completed: wall repair: 1, internal measurement of rammed soil and brick inside the wall; 2. Blocking the cave; 3, help fill outside the wall; 4. The ridge on the top of the city wall should be built; 5, repair battlements and parapets; 6. Repair the 144 water tank in the city wall; 7. 13 "Ma Dao" (or steps) is newly built and expanded; 8. Rebuilding Yongningmen (South Gate) Moon City; 9. Vouchers fill gaps.

Restoration of ancient buildings: 1 After the construction project around the city begins, we will first repair and strengthen the towers and arrow towers at the north and east gates. 1 September, 1983, the air-raid shelter on the south side of the North Gate Arrow Tower was reinforced, which made the building sink from 8-9 mm per day to1mm per day. After that, the East Gate Tower and Arrow Tower were completely restored. 2. From April 1983 to the end of 1987, 12 enemy towers were rebuilt on the city wall. The enemy tower was designed with reference to the schematic diagram of the late Qing Dynasty and related materials. There are three 2-story-wide rooms with double eaves and a colonnade on the lower floor. The building foundation is14.3m long, 9. 1 m wide and 8.8m high. 3. 1 kuixing tower will be built at the original site 607 meters away from the south gate tower. According to the existing frame foundation design, it has four slopes, two double eaves and a square shape with a side length of 9.4 meters. 4. The "Horse Gate Tower" is the entrance of the "Horse Gate" inside the city wall. Most of the city gates are antique archways, and 14 newly built "Ma Dao Gate House". 5. The antique management room is the workplace of the city wall managers, close to the entrance of the horse road inside the city wall. The room is simple and beautiful, and it has become a scenic spot along the inner ring road. 6. The South Gate Tower was rebuilt at the same time as the South Gate Moon City in May 1989. According to the cover photo of Xi 'an Scenic Area compiled and published by Zhang Junqing in the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), it was copied. The lifting facilities of the suspension bridge are set in the building, in the form of antique winch, as described in Wu Bei Zhi. The main works were completed at the end of 1989 and in September of 1990.

Safety investigation:

Carry out a safety survey of cultural relics within the city wall and fully grasp the "disease" situation. Divide the "sick" parts into safety levels, and take corresponding protection measures according to different levels, so as to make the protection of cultural relics on the city wall more scientific and standardized.

The results of cultural relics survey of city walls since 2005 show that there are 2 14 cracks above 1cm, 5 large subsidence 15, 28 denudation, 5 bulging and nearly 2,000 holes.

Maintenance work:

The 74 #-75 # horse face in the northern section of the city wall collapsed and settled, and the serious cracks in the 86# horse face in the eastern section were repaired successively. We have carried out protection work such as mildew removal, insect removal, salt removal, crisp powder, loose tamping and backfilling in the ruins of the city walls and water culverts with the same section. September 20 12, Xi' an experienced three large-scale rainstorms, the most in 50 years, which seriously threatened the safety of cultural relics within the city wall. The Management Committee takes various measures in time to deal with the diseased parts in time and try its best to reduce the adverse impact of rain on the safety of the city wall. There are still some serious diseases in the city wall, such as cracks, settlement and hollow foundation of 86# horse face, cracks, settlement and hollow foundation of 60# horse face, serious cracks and settlement of 43# horse face wall on the north side of Yuxiangmen, and sharp increase of cracks of 32# horse face wall, 14#, 16 #-65438+. In addition to maintaining the cultural relics of the city wall, the scenic spot also painted the Simen Pagoda, the Arrow Tower and the Watchtower on the city.

Detection and protection measures:

Since 2005, professional units have been hired to comprehensively monitor the key parts of the city wall and gradually establish a safety early warning system for the protection of cultural relics in the city wall. In 2007, the security monitoring system, one of the intelligent systems of the city wall, was established, and a monitoring room was set up, and 6 1 camera was installed throughout the whole process to protect the safety of the city wall. The South Gate Tower was restored, and part of the exposed wall of the South City Wall was wrapped. According to the severity of the problems existing in the city walls and ancient buildings, the maintenance will be carried out in stages and with emphasis. A patrol system for the protection of cultural relics of the city wall was established, 26 key observation points outside the city wall were identified, observation signs were installed, and the number of observation points and observation benchmarks were determined. Strengthen the daily inspection of city walls and ancient buildings. In daily management, professional property companies are openly recruited, and market-oriented operation and enterprise management are implemented for the cleaning and cleaning of the West Park around the city, the experimental section of the moat and the city wall, and entrusted management is implemented for garden maintenance, sanitation and cleaning, and security etiquette services, which are well received by the general public. The West Park around the city and the experimental section of the moat have become the new highlights of Xi 'an's urban construction. The city walls are cleaned all day, which greatly improves the tourism environment and has won wide praise from domestic and foreign tourists.

Subway construction protection:

Subway builders take five measures to ensure the safety of cultural relics: ① route bypass; (2) shield construction; ③ Reinforce the bell tower and the city wall; ④ Shock absorption; ⑤ Monitor at any time. The practice of "giving priority to avoidance and giving priority to protection" in Xi subway has effectively protected cultural relics and historic sites. The construction of Xi Metro Line 2 provides successful experience for the cultural relics protection of various subway lines in the future, and ensures the safety of cultural relics along the Xi subway construction in the future.

Legislative protection:

At the beginning of 2006, the Legislative Affairs Bureau, together with northwest university of politics and law, formulated a local regulation on the protection and management of Xi City Wall, Xi City Wall Protection Ordinance (Draft). In the same year, the Xi Municipal People's Congress first included the Xi City Wall Protection Ordinance in the legislative plan. On April 29th, 2009, the Regulations on the Protection of Xi City Wall (Draft) passed the preliminary examination at the 15th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Municipal People's Congress, and widely solicited opinions and suggestions from the public. On August 28th, 2009, the 17th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 14th People's Congress of Xi adopted the Regulations on the Protection of Xi City Wall. On September 24th of the same year, the 10th meeting of the 11th People's Congress of Shaanxi Province deliberated and passed the Regulations on the Protection of xi City Wall.

The Regulations on the Protection of the Xi City Wall came into effect on June 1 65438+1 October1day, which stipulates that June165438+1October/day every year is the "Xi City Wall Approaching Day". The regulations have been approved by the provincial and Xi people's congresses. This regulation is a part of Xi 'an's plan of "Reviving the Imperial Capital", and it is also a preparation for Xi 'an City Wall to apply for the world intangible cultural protection heritage. The "Regulations" encourage all sectors of society, domestic and foreign organizations and individuals to contribute to the establishment of the Xi City Wall Protection Fund for the protection of city walls; The city wall, the gate and the inner side of the city wall within 20m, the area from the outer side of the city wall to the outer edge of the moat and the square green space inside and outside the four gates are all protected areas, and the area from 20m to 100m inside the city wall and the area from the outer side of the moat 180m are construction control zones. It is forbidden to scribble, discharge sewage, pile up garbage, store dangerous goods or other acts that may damage the safety of the city wall, and it is also forbidden to fish in the moat without authorization. No individual or unit may use the city wall for production and business activities without authorization. If it is really necessary to use the Xi city wall to shoot movies, television, advertisements and other audio-visual materials or hold large-scale activities, the examination and approval procedures must be handled in accordance with the regulations. For illegal acts in violation of the provisions, the management institution may impose a fine of less than 500,000 yuan. The wall closes the sky:

On June 1 65438+1October1day, 2009, the Regulations on the Protection of Xi City Wall was promulgated and implemented, and publicity activities were held on the "City Wall Intimacy Day".

2010165438+1October1,a series of activities were held around the first anniversary of the promulgation of the Xi city wall protection regulations, and a photo exhibition on city wall protection was held in the south gate suspension bridge square. A consultation and publicity desk was set up to invite more than 2,000 children's welfare homes, citizens and tourists to visit the city wall for free. At the same time, the Regulations on the Protection of Xi City Wall and the Regulations on the Protection of Cultural Relics in Shaanxi Province were issued to citizens and tourists. 2011110 launched a series of publicity activities around the second anniversary of the promulgation of the regulations on the protection of Xi city walls, with the theme of "getting close to the city walls and enjoying culture". Since then, there have been activities to commemorate the promulgation day of the Xi City Wall Protection Ordinance every year.

Academic research conference:

In 2006, National Cultural Heritage Administration listed the "China Ming and Qing City Wall" declared by four cities, namely Nanjing, Xi, Jingzhou and Xingcheng, on the preparatory list of China World Cultural Heritage. Datong, Shanxi and Linhai, Zhejiang are also planning to apply for World Heritage and join the ranks of China's Ming and Qing wall protection. This is the "4+2" mode.

2011September1-12, representatives from six cities held the third China Ancient Capital Society 4+2 Urban Academic Seminar in Xi 'an. This conference set up a platform for discussion and exchange for experts and managers of city wall protection in six cities, and formed a "4+2" model of city wall protection.

City wall application:

Xi 'an City Wall began to declare the World Cultural Heritage from 1987. The first two times, the application of Xi 'an City Wall came to an end before it entered the National World Heritage List. In 2003, Xi 'an City Wall Management Office formally submitted a report on the declaration of world cultural heritage to Shaanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics. On June 5438+February 65438+May, 2006, Xi 'an City Wall and Nanjing City Wall were included in the preparatory list of China World Cultural Heritage. On 20 1 1 year1year, the Institute of Ancient Architecture of the Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Center was entrusted to compile the "Xi 'an City Wall Application Text", and the first draft was completed on 10/day. The declaration of world cultural heritage requires "not only to protect individual cultural relics, but also to protect the cultural relics environment". The government is creating a better surrounding environment for the protection of the city wall and promoting the application of the Xi city wall. 2012165438+1October 17 At the National World Cultural Heritage Work Conference held in Beijing, 45 different types of cultural heritages were listed in the updated China World Cultural Heritage Preparatory List by National Cultural Heritage Administration, and Xi 'an City Wall was among them.

Xi An City Wall Protection Foundation:

On June 30th, 20 1 1, Xi 'an City Wall Management Committee held the preparatory meeting of Xi 'an City Wall Protection Foundation in Shaanxi Province. 2011July 2 1 day, according to the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Management of Foundations, the Administrative Committee formally submitted an application to the Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics for the establishment of Xi 'an City Wall Protection Foundation. 20 1 1 In September, the third symposium of China Ancient Capital Society was held in Xi 'an, and the Xi 'an City Wall Protection Foundation was announced, which was an attempt to explore a new model of Xi 'an City Wall Protection.