Cognitive development theory (Piaget's cognitive development theory)

Piaget's cognitive development stage theory is an important knowledge point in the teacher recruitment examination, including stage name, age, characteristics, games, etc., which needs students to memorize and master.

First, the nastic movement stage.

1. Age (0-2 years old)

2. Features:

(1) Cognitive activities mainly gain action experience by exploring the relationship between perception and movement.

(2) Only rely on feelings and actions to adapt to the external environment and cope with external things.

(3) The main means of exploring the world: grasping by hand and sucking by mouth.

(4) Low-level behavior schema.

(5) The order of knowing things: from knowing your own body to exploring external things.

(6) Eternity of objects: (September-65438+February) Without the perception of things, I still believe that objects continue to exist. First of all, this is the basis of higher-level cognitive activities. Secondly, it shows that children begin to use symbols to represent things in their minds, but they can't name things with words and abstract symbols.

Step 3 practice the game

Second, the pre-operation stage

1. Age (2-7 years old)

2. Features:

(1) At first, you can use words or more abstract symbols to express what you have experienced.

(2) animism: that everything has life. Don't step on the grass, it will hurt.

(3) Egocentricity: I think everything is self-centered, and everything else is based on my own will, but it is not selfish.

Self-centered language features: repetition; Monologue; Collective monologue.

(4) Irreversible thinking: Xiaoming's brother is Xiao Liang, but he can't answer who Xiao Liang's brother is.

(5) rigid thinking: rigid thinking.

(6) Centralization of thinking: when making judgments, it tends to be a standard and dimension.

(7) Not yet conserved: objects with different shapes think that the high volume is greater than the short volume.

3. Games: symbolic games

Third, the specific operation stage

1. Age: (7- 1 1)

2. Features:

(1) Formation Sign: Formation of Conservation Concept

It depends on the understanding of three basic reasons: identity; Compensatory; Reversibility.

(2) Thinking: Specific operational thinking is the main factor-only concrete things can support logical thinking and group operations.

(3) Understand the rules and principles, but dare not change them.

(4) Multi-angle thinking: the biggest feature of mature thinking: decentralization.

(5) Self-centeredness: an important symbol of children's social development-self-centeredness.

3. Games: ring games

Fourth, the formal operation stage.

1. Age: (1 1- 16)

2. Features:

(1) Thinking transcends the dependence on concrete perceptible things, and can think about the abstract essence from various angles, mainly abstract logical thinking.

(2) Hypothetical thinking can solve problems through logical reasoning, induction or deduction. Such as pendulum experiment and buoyancy experiment.

(3) Thinking in the form of propositions, such as understanding the relationship between concepts.

(4) Understand the meaning of symbols: for example, understand a>b>c.

(5) Understanding metaphors and similes: If you understand the deep meaning of a sentence besides the literal meaning.

(6) The level of thinking is close to that of adults.

Exercise questions:

1. The child knows that Xiaohong's sister is Xiaolan, but she doesn't know who Xiaolan's sister is. At which stage ().

A. nastic movement stage B. Pre-operation stage C. Specific operation stage D. Formal operation stage

Answer B. Analysis: The young friends in the topic can't infer the relationship between Xiaohong and Xiaolan from both positive and negative aspects, indicating that the thinking is irreversible and in the early stage of operation.

Xiaoming thinks teddy bears can understand themselves, so he often chats with them. At which stage ().

A. nastic movement stage B. Pre-operation stage C. Specific operation stage D. Formal operation stage

Answer B. Analysis: In the title, Xiao Ming thinks that teddy bears can only understand and chat with them when they are alive, which belongs to animism and is in the early stage of operation.