Is hippocampus and Mazda the same thing?

The history of Haima Automobile can be traced back to the late 1980s, when the newly established Hainan provincial government hoped to develop its own automobile industry in this new hot land, and the government pinned its hopes on Hainan Automobile Stamping Factory, which has experience in producing automobile parts. 1988 Hainan Automobile Stamping Factory supported by the government bought the automobile factory jointly owned by American automobile and former Philippine President Marcos at a low price from the turbulent Philippines at that time. The factory moved to Jinpan Industrial Zone in Haikou by way of restoration, and Hainan Automobile Stamping Factory was renamed Hainan Automobile Factory. From 1989 to 10, the equipment of four production lines in the stamping workshop has been installed and debugged, but Hainan Automobile Factory, which has no products to produce, has successively developed products such as gas stoves and agricultural vehicles. One year later, the equipment installation and debugging of welding, painting and assembly line were also successfully completed.

In the early 1990s, the bursting of the economic bubble led to a sharp recession in Japan. Due to Mazda Motor Company's long-term pursuit of output, product technology innovation and global market expansion, Mazda Motor Company is eager to find and explore new profit space after continuous huge investment. Although Hainan Automobile Factory successfully bought the factory, it can't produce any products because it can't get technical support from Ford Company of the United States. To this end, Hainan Automobile Factory and Japanese Mazda Automobile Company hit it off and decided to jointly produce Mazda cars in Hainan. 1990, the first Mazda 929 station wagon of Hainan Automobile Factory was successfully trial-produced.

199 1 year, Hainan automobile factory began to trial-produce Mazda 929 station wagon (HMC6470) in small batches in the form of KD parts assembly. This wagon is a 929 wagon introduced by Japan in 1980, with a body size of 4650mm and a width of1715 mm. The 929 wagon adopts a front-rear drive layout and is equipped with a 2.0-liter inline four-cylinder gasoline engine and a 2.2-liter inline four-cylinder diesel engine code-named MA. The maximum power of the 2.0-liter inline four-cylinder gasoline engine is 90 HP (66 kW)/4,800 rpm, and the maximum torque is154n m/2,500 rpm. The engine is matched with 4-speed and 5-speed manual gearboxes and 3-speed automatic gearboxes. 1988, Mazda 929 station wagon was officially discontinued overseas.

The Mazda 929 station wagon assembled and produced by Hainan Automobile Factory is equipped with a manual gearbox, and the words "HIPOCA" are written on the front air intake grille. However, due to the lack of Mazda's technical support and related production experience, the assembly technology of Mazda 929 truck assembled and produced by Hainan Automobile Factory is far from that of overseas models. In August of the same year, Hainan Automobile Stamping Parts Factory initialled a contract with Japan Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd. and Japan Itochu Corporation, with Japan holding 25% of the shares, among which Mazda provided a complete set of molds for 929 station wagon models.

1In February, 1992, Hainan Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd. was jointly established by Hainan Automobile Factory and Japan Mazda Automobile Company. At the same time, HMC6470 wagon based on Mazda 929 wagon was officially put on the market. At the beginning of the joint venture with Mazda, Hainan Automobile Factory put forward the concept of "localization". The Japanese car body assembly, chassis and power were all made in China, and no scientific and rigorous localization work was carried out, which made the HMC6470 station wagon with a localization rate of over 70% appear different quality problems after it was put on the market. In addition, Hainan Automobile Factory once produced 2.06 million stamped parts for Shanghai Volkswagen from 199 1 992, achieving a profit of120,000 yuan, thus alleviating the crisis of existence at that time.

Unexpectedly, the central government at that time hoped that Hainan Automobile Factory and Guangdong Samsung Group would jointly set up a commercial vehicle joint venture company with China as the main body. At first, foreign investors were selected as Chrysler in the United States, and later the government changed the foreign partner to Mercedes-Benz in Germany. Mercedes-Benz Company put forward the condition that Hainan Automobile Factory can't jointly produce automobiles with Mazda of Japan. Since then, the project negotiations have lasted for three years, and finally Mercedes-Benz decided to abandon the joint venture project, and the joint venture project between Hainan Automobile Factory and Japan Mazda was also interrupted during this period.

Although the joint venture company has not developed, the cooperation between Hainan Automobile Factory and Japan Mazda has not been interrupted. 1993, Hainan Automobile Factory assembled and produced HMC6440 van on the basis of Mazda E2000 van (also known as Bongo) in the form of CKD, equipped with a 2.0-liter in-line four-cylinder carburetor engine code-named FE, with a maximum power of 86 HP (63kW)/4500rpm and a maximum torque of152n m/2500. At that time, the imported Mazda E2000 van was all the rage in China. The difference between Hainan Mazda HMC6440 and imported Mazda E2000 lies in the logo under the left window. The imported version is E2000 and the domestic version is HMC6440.

In addition to HMC6440 van based on E2000, Hainan Automobile Factory also assembled and produced the first generation Mazda MPV (called Efini MPV in Japan) in the form of CKD in 1993, which was a family MPV model specially built by Mazda for the North American market and officially listed in Japan in 1990+0. Mazda MPVs in overseas markets are divided into four-door and five-door models, and the driver side of the four-door Mazda MPV is not equipped with a back door. In terms of power, Mazda MPV in overseas markets is equipped with 2.6-liter inline four-cylinder and 3.0-liter V6 naturally aspirated engines. The engine is matched with a 5-speed manual transmission and a 4-speed automatic transmission. In addition to the standard rear-wheel drive model, users can also choose a four-wheel drive system. Mazda MPV officially withdrew from the market on 1995 after being redesigned.

The first generation MPV produced by the automobile factory is called Hainan Mazda HMC6450, which is equipped with a 3.0-liter V6 naturally aspirated engine, with the maximum power 157 horsepower (1 15kW)/5000rpm and the maximum torque of 230 N m/4000 rpm. It is worth mentioning that this MPV assembled and produced by Hainan Automobile Factory is also the first model equipped with an automatic gearbox. The gear design of Hainan Mazda HMC6450 left a deep impression on people who had contacted this car at that time. Hainan Mazda MPV equipped with a 4-speed automatic transmission has a maximum speed of 177km/h and a comprehensive fuel consumption of 12. 1L/ 100. While Hainan Automobile Factory assembles and produces Mazda MPV, this car is also sold in China in the form of import.

Mazda's flagship model, the fifth-generation Mazda 929, which was launched at 199 1, is all the rage in China. This car is imported from China, and its frameless door and slender overall shape are unforgettable. What is unknown, however, is that Hainan Automobile Factory once imported parts of Mazda 929 in small batches for assembly production, and Mazda 626 sedan and Mazda 929 were assembled and produced at the same time. However, the production of Hainan Mazda 626 and 929 is extremely low, and the logo of Hainan Mazda is not attached to the body, which makes these two cars sold in different channels as imported cars.

1994, Hainan automobile factory introduced Hainan Mazda 323(HMC6430) on the basis of the sixth generation Mazda 323. Its body size is 42 15mm, its width is 1675mm, its height is 1375mm, its wheelbase is 2500mm, and its vehicle weight is 1020. It is equipped with a 1.3-liter in-line four-cylinder carburetor engine, with a maximum power of 73 HP (54kW)/6000rpm and a maximum torque of101n m/3700 rpm. The horizontal taillights of HNA Mazda 323 are impressive. Compared with the previous HMC6470 station wagon, the assembly process of HNA Mazda 323 has been greatly improved. Since Mazda's "Sun" logo was hung on the air intake grille at the beginning, many people will think that this is an imported Mazda car if they don't carefully observe the HMC6430 at the rear.

Although the cooperation with Mazda enabled Hainan Automobile Factory to produce a variety of models in just a few years, because Hainan Automobile Factory did not obtain the automobile production license issued by the state at that time, the cars it produced could only pass through Hainan Province. Even though many models produced by Hainan Automobile Factory could still be seen legally on the road through various channels at that time, it was still a drop in the bucket for Hainan Automobile Factory. 1September 1995, the state began to rectify the imported assembly car market, and at the same time the macro-control was effective. At that time, the price of Santana dropped from 2 1 10,000 yuan to about10.3 million yuan, and the prices of other competitive models also dropped significantly. Hainan Automobile Factory, which is restricted by the production license, can only watch the increasingly prosperous domestic automobile market but can't sell it, and its output has never been improved, resulting in high product costs.

Hainan automobile factory is on the verge of bankruptcy because its products can't be put into the whole country. In order to obtain the qualification to produce cars and the necessary funds to save the overall situation, the Hainan provincial government agreed that the factory belongs to a large state-owned automobile enterprise. 1997165438+10. In October, FAW Group and Hainan Provincial Government formally signed the Agreement on Merging Hainan Automobile Factory to Form FAW Hainan Automobile Co., Ltd., and the two sides reorganized their assets by allocating state-owned assets free of charge, and established FAW Hainan Automobile Co., Ltd., which is controlled by FAW Group 100%. The newly established company will serve as an important production base of FAW Group in South China.

1998 1, Hainan Automobile Factory officially joined FAW Group, and FAW Hainan Automobile Co., Ltd. was put into production. At this point, the models produced by the factory have finally been pushed to the national market. Although Hainan Automobile Factory belongs to FAW Group, it has not received the financial and technical support from FAW, but only obtained the qualification of car production. Hainan Automobile, which didn't get the model from FAW, can only find ways to reduce the production cost of existing products. 1March, 1999, HMC6470 station wagon produced by Hainan Automobile was approved for sale in the whole country. Two months later, Hainan Automobile introduced HMC6470 station wagon with domestic Toyota 4Y(49 1) engine, and the localization rate has reached 85%. In June 5438+10, HNA launched Mazda 323 sedan named CA7 160, equipped with 1.6 liter carburetor engine.

Due to the limited technology of Hainan Automobile Factory, more than 90% parts of Mazda MPV (HMC 6450) need to be imported. After obtaining the car production license, HNA abandoned Mazda MPV with extremely low localization rate and focused on putting into production HMC6470 station wagon and Mazda 323. In 2000, HNA replaced Mazda 323 with a domestic Toyota 8A engine with a displacement of 1.3 liter, and the new car was named HMC7 130. However, with the steady growth of domestic consumption capacity, consumers' requirements for automobile quality are getting higher and higher. HMC6470 station wagon and Mazda 323, two old models eliminated abroad, have obviously failed to keep up with the development of the times. In order to gain a foothold in the increasingly fierce domestic automobile market, Hainan Automobile is bound to launch new models to "please" consumers.

Unable to obtain new models and technical support from FAW, Haiqi began to seek cooperation with Mazda in Japan again. At that time, Mazda also gradually recovered from the bursting of the economic bubble. After seeing the huge business opportunities in China market, Mazda also urgently needs to seek partners. HNA Auto once again hit it off with Mazda. However, due to the "loss" of Mazda's investment in building a factory in China, cautious Mazda adopted the way of technical cooperation to cooperate with Haiqi this time. In May of 200 1 year, Mazda compact MPV Primacy was officially listed in FAW Hainan. By the end of 200 1, the production and sales of Punixi in Hainan had reached more than 10,000 units, which surprised Mazda.

Prima is equipped with 1.8 liter naturally aspirated engine, with maximum power 122 horsepower (90kW)/6000rpm and maximum torque160n m/4000rpm. Matching the engine is a 5-speed manual transmission and a 4-speed automatic transmission. The application of front McPherson and rear multi-link independent suspension makes Prima not only ensure comfort, but also give consideration to certain handling. Due to the relative shortage of domestic MPV models at that time, Prima produced by FAW HNA Mazda quickly occupied the dominant position of domestic compact MPV as soon as it went on the market.

Prima's success has increased FAW Hainan Mazda's confidence in introducing new models. In July 2002, Hainan Mazda introduced the eighth generation Mazda 323, which was born in 1998, to China. The domestic Mazda 323 was named Familia, and its name was derived from the transliteration of Familia, an overseas model. HNA Mazda initially did not equip Familia with 1.6-liter and 2.0-liter engines used by overseas models, but chose the same 1.8-liter naturally aspirated engine and two gearboxes as Prima, which effectively controlled the manufacturing cost of Familia. Familia was quickly recognized by consumers after its listing. Since then, Buick Excelle, Hyundai Elantra and Familia have been called the "New Big Three" in China auto market.

In order to make a new breakthrough in vehicle R&D and design, Haima Automobile R&D Co., Ltd. was established in Shanghai in August 2003. The company is located in the East Zone of Zhangjiang High-tech Industry in Pudong New Area, covering an area of 65.438+0.25 million square meters, with about 620 employees, registered capital of 200 million yuan and total investment of 500 million yuan. Shanghai Haima Automobile R&D Co., Ltd. undertakes research and development of Haima vehicles, platform expansion, product modification and research and application of key technologies, and is a professional vehicle R&D institution under Hainan Automobile. Through more than five years' continuous construction, the organization has developed world-class automobile R&D facilities such as vehicle environmental test system, wheel hub test bench, five-axis machining center and flexible welding line, forming a complete product development process such as product pre-research, conceptual design, engineering design, matching calibration, performance development, design verification, production preparation and trial production, and has the independent development ability of vehicle modeling design, body design and project management.

In 2004, HNA Mazda introduced five new Familia 1.8L models, and added Familia 1.6L engines. On February 29th of the same year, FAW Group, Hainan Automobile and Hainan Provincial Government reached a framework agreement to jointly establish FAW Haima Automobile Co., Ltd. ... The newly established Haima Automobile has a registered capital of/kloc-0.2 billion yuan, with FAW Group and Hainan Automobile holding 49% and Hainan Provincial Government holding 2% respectively. The new company integrates all the original vehicle production resources in Hainan. In addition to continuing to consolidate the cooperation with Mazda in Japan, the product direction will also develop its own brand according to the needs of the national industrial policy, and promote Hainan's automobile industry to achieve a greater leap on the original basis.

In order to further integrate cost, quality, logistics and management resources, the first phase of Haima Industrial Park was completed in August 2004. There are eight parts supporting factories in the park, which mainly provide car body stamping parts, full car seats, bumpers, dashboards, front and rear axle assemblies, skylights, door trim panels, steering wheels and other parts. The total investment of Haima Phase II Industrial Park is RMB 3.2 billion, including 18 projects, of which 15 is independently invested by foreign investors, providing various automobile parts including automobile sheet metal parts, instrument panels, seals, shock absorbers, exhaust pipes, automobile air conditioners, electronic steering systems and wiring harnesses. At this point, Haima Automobile has a complete automobile industry chain including engine production line, vehicle production line, technology research and development center and related parts supporting enterprises.

The hot sales of Prima and Familia made Hainan Mazda (Haima Automobile) become the mainstream domestic automobile manufacturer in the following years, and also made Japanese Mazda see the great potential of China automobile market, which made it more ambitious to expand the China automobile market. As the saying goes, it is good to enjoy the cool under a big tree. At this time, Mazda is no longer satisfied with the profits brought by Hainan Mazda's technical cooperation. Since then, Mazda has directly thrown an olive branch to the stronger FAW Group and Changan Automobile. In March 2005, FAW Group, FAW Car Co., Ltd. and Japanese Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd. jointly established FAW Mazda Automobile Sales Co., Ltd., and since then, mazda 6 has been officially put into production in FAW Mazda.

In May 2005, the Haima Automobile Engine Project with a total investment of 654.38+0.25 billion yuan and an annual output of 654.38+0.5 million engines was officially started. In March 2006, Hainan Automobile Engine Factory was officially put into use, covering an area of 25,000 square meters. Its four production lines, cylinder block, cylinder head, crankshaft and assembly hot test, are all imported from world-class companies such as Heller, Coma, and Juncker. These production lines are all flexible. In addition to producing 1.8L engines, they can also produce 1.6L and 2.0L engines. The prototype produced by the factory was successfully tested in April 2006, which indicated that Hainan Automobile had mastered the core engine manufacturing technology of automobile manufacturing and became one of the few automobile enterprises in China with the ability of engine research and development, manufacturing and vehicle production at that time.

three

Abandoned by Mazda, it entered the era of autonomy.

After being abandoned by Mazda, it officially changed its bid and entered the era of autonomy.

After mazda 6 was "won" by FAW, Changan Automobile Group, Ford Motor Company and Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd. jointly established Changan Ford Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd. in February 2006, and Familia's replacement Mazda 3 was officially put into production shortly after the establishment of the new company. Hainan automobile once again encountered the embarrassing situation that no new models were launched. After missing two new models, Hainan Mazda has no choice but to continue to support itself in the increasingly competitive domestic market with Prima and Familia. It is in this embarrassing situation that Hainan Automobile officially turned from a joint venture to its own brand, and Haima Automobile was formally established.

On August 3, 2006, KLOC-0, Familia II was officially launched. The first seven models are all equipped with 1.6 liter ZM II engine, and the price ranges from 8 18 to 106800 yuan. In people's eyes, this new car is only a small modified model based on the original Familia Mazda in Hainan, but it has attracted people's attention because it has not continued to use Mazda's trademark, but has been officially replaced with a self-owned brand car as a "hippocampus". Familia II was born under the background that hippocampus was abandoned by Mazda. Fortunately, Haima has accumulated a lot of experience in the process of cooperation with Mazda. Compared with other independent brands that started from scratch in the same period, the experience of enterprise management and vehicle production is undoubtedly the most valuable.

The round body of Haima's logo symbolizes the sun, in which an abstract falcon is embedded, which means "the rising sun rises, and Kunpeng spreads its wings", representing the belief of Haima's inspirational, enterprising and determined to take off. Since all the models previously produced by Haima Automobile came from Mazda, this makes the new name "Haima" conceptually confusing. After self-employment, Haima, a brand-new independent brand, has gradually grown. Facing the increasingly saturated market and strong competitors, Haima naturally needs to work hard to make this young brand grow and develop. Although Familia II is only a transitional product of Haima from a joint venture brand to a self-owned brand, it is still not easy for Haima, which has been frustrated many times, to break away from Mazda's design influence and develop a completely independent new model.

While Haima has established its own brand identity, the expansion of its commercial vehicle field is also proceeding in an orderly way. In February 2007, Haima Investment Group Co., Ltd. acquired Zhengzhou Light Vehicle Factory in zhongmou county, Henan Province through asset restructuring. In July of the same year, Haima (Zhengzhou) Automobile Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Haima Group, was formally established, and Haima Group transferred all its shares of Zhengzhou Light Vehicle 100% to Haima Zhengzhou Company. In June165438+1October of the same year, Chongqing Changpeng Automobile Interior Parts Group laid the foundation stone in Haima Parts Industrial Park, which also marked the beginning of the construction of Haima Zhengzhou Parts Project. Since then, the project of 6,543,800+5,000 vehicles in Zhengzhou Base of Haima has also officially started construction.