How to choose the project management mode in China?

Because most international projects have the characteristics of large scale, long construction period and complex structure, they will be disturbed by various external factors, including hydrometeorology, geological conditions, changes in planning and design, changes in national or local laws and other human factors, which will affect the construction period of the project. Moreover, there are unstable factors in the construction period and cost of the project, and matters outside the contract conditions may emerge one after another. Therefore, the planned construction period of most international projects can't be realized as scheduled, and the projects can only update the schedule according to the actual situation and run according to the new schedule. This project management mode is the most common in the world, and is adopted by the World Bank, Asian Bank loan projects and projects that adopt FIDIC contract terms.

In this way, the owner entrusts architects and consulting engineers to carry out all relevant work in the early stage, and then carries out design after the project evaluation is passed. In the design stage, the construction bidding documents are compiled, and then the contractor is selected through bidding. Then the owner and the contractor sign a construction contract. In general, contractors sign separate contracts with subcontractors and suppliers to organize the subcontracting of engineering parts and the procurement of equipment and materials. In general, the owner unit assigns the owner's representative to contact the consultant and contractor to be responsible for the relevant project management, but in most foreign countries, the relevant management work is authorized by the architect or consulting engineer. Architects, consulting engineers and contractors have no contractual relationship, but only undertake the management and coordination work entrusted by the owner. Construction management approach (CM mode), also known as stage contracting mode or fast-track mode, is a widely popular contract management mode abroad in recent years, which is different from the previous continuous construction production mode of bidding after all design drawings are completed.

CM mode can take many forms, and there are two commonly used ones. The first form is the "proxy" cm. In this way, CM manager is the consultation and agent of the owner, and the service contract between the owner and CM manager stipulates that the fee is fixed fee plus management fee. The owner signs the project construction contract with the contractor at each construction stage. The second form is called "risk" cm. In this form, CM manager is also the general contractor, and the general owner requires CM manager to put forward GMP to ensure the owner's investment control. If the final settlement exceeds GMP, CM Company will compensate; If it is lower than GMP, the saved investment will be owned by the owner, but CM Company can get additional income because it bears the extra risk of ensuring the construction cost.

BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) mode is to build an operation-transfer mode. This model arose abroad in 1980s. It relies on foreign private capital for infrastructure construction, or privatizes state-owned infrastructure projects as a project management model for financing construction. It means that the host government opens its own infrastructure construction and operation market and absorbs foreign capital. Grant a concession to the project company. The company is responsible for financing and organizational construction. Responsible for the operation and loan repayment after the completion of the project. When the concession expires, hand over the project to the host government.

2. Problems in project management in China

The biggest problem of project management integration in China is organizational obstacle, which is caused by the construction project management organization and people's behavioral psychology, especially the influence of Chinese traditional culture and values on project management, which is the root of many problems in China's construction projects. The short-term behavior and responsibility blind spots of project participants are the most harmful to the construction project objectives. According to its reasons, comprehensive life cycle management can reduce short-term behavior and responsibility blind spots. Measures to ensure the continuity and consistency of organizational responsibility in the whole life cycle should be put forward from the perspective of owners and contractors.

The fundamental problem of integrated management of construction projects in China is the organizational obstacle caused by China's traditional culture and values. Many people often boil it down to an institutional problem. In my opinion, traditional culture and values have a greater influence.

At present, there are many highly commercialized project management computer software (packages), such as CAD, budget, network planning, contract management, resource management, cost management and so on. The development platforms, hardware conditions and data structures of these softwares are quite different, and their copyrights belong to different developers, which will hinder the integration of project management.

3. Development of Project Management in China

Generally speaking, construction project management is based on system theory, cybernetics and information theory. It raises the research and application of project management to a new stage. The basic theories and methods of project management have been expanded and developed in China.

(1) Internationalization trend of project management. With the further acceleration of China's reform and opening-up, China's economy is increasingly integrated into the global market, and there are more and more multinational companies and transnational projects in China. Many projects in China have to be operated through international bidding, consultation or BOT. The projects invested and operated by China enterprises overseas are also increasing. At the same time, the internationalization of project management is forming a trend. The internationalization of project management has attracted the attention of project management experts and scholars at home and abroad, and its internationalization trend is increasingly obvious. Especially after China's entry into WTO, China's industrial barriers have gradually disintegrated, and the domestic market has become international. With the comprehensive integration of domestic and foreign markets, foreign enterprises will take advantage of their advantages in capital, technology, management, talents and services to occupy China's domestic market, especially the general contracting market.

Facing the increasingly fierce market competition, China enterprises must be market-oriented, change their business models, enhance their resilience and strive for self-improvement. Be enterprising, learn to survive in competition and develop in struggle. On the other hand. After death, according to MFN treatment and national treatment, you will get more opportunities and enter the international market more easily. Meanwhile. After China's accession to the WTO, as a member country, enterprises in China can enjoy the same rights and enjoy the same tariff reduction and exemption in the international market. Under the guidance of the principle of "trade liberalization", the examination and approval procedures for foreign contracted projects will be reduced, and more companies will engage in international project contracting and gradually transition to free operation.

On the other hand, the internationalization trend of project management is manifested in the increasing role of international project management institute and the frequent international academic exchanges. These organizations carry out many industrial and academic activities every year. Issue publications and assist in recruiting and hiring project management professionals. Due to the universal law of project management and the transnational nature of many projects. Experts from all over the world are discussing the international common system of project management discipline, including common terms.

(2) The informatization trend of project management. With the advent of the Internet into thousands of households and the era of knowledge economy. Informatization of project management has become an inevitable trend. As the latest computer technology and network technology, the popularization and application speed in enterprise management is amazing. But also shows the trend of accelerated development. This has brought many new features to project management. Today, with the rapid expansion of information, project management is increasingly dependent on computer technology. In a sense, its competition has become an information war. On the other hand, as the leading economy in 2 1 century, knowledge economy has arrived, and the corresponding project management will also become a hot frontier field. It can even be said that project management will be the companion of knowledge economy. In the era of knowledge economy, project management is to improve adaptability and innovation ability through knowledge sharing and collective wisdom. Knowledge economy can be understood as an economy that transforms knowledge into benefits. Knowledge economy uses less natural resources and human resources, but pays more attention to the use of intellectual resources. Knowledge produces new ideas, forms new achievements and brings new wealth. Many project management companies have also started to use a lot of project management software, and are also engaged in the development and research of project management software.

In a word, China's project management has its special social and economic environment, and it has gone through a long development process before it evolved into today's model. It has certain practical significance for Chinese construction enterprises, but it can't be copied mechanically, and theory must be combined with practice. The author believes that with the deepening of China's political system and economic system reform, China's construction market will continue to improve. Construction enterprises will find a model suitable for China's national conditions in project management.

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