Introduce ningwu county.

Ningwu county is a county under the jurisdiction of Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province, China. The total area of ningwu county is 1966 km2, and the population in 2003 is160,000. Ningwu is located in the north-central part of Shanxi Province, with the east diameter of1150 ′-120 40 ′ and the north latitude of 38 31′— 39 8 ′. North of the Great Wall, adjacent to Shuozhou; The northwest is bounded by Huanghualing and borders Shenchi County. The southwest is shielded by Heyeping and Luya Mountain, opposite to Wuzhai and Kelan. South China and Jingle County have the same topic; The dividing line between Yunzhongshan and Xinzhou is in the southeast; It is connected with Yuanping City in the east. The county is about105km long from north to south, 45km wide from east to west, with a total area of1987.7km2 .. Taiyuan 180km in the south and Datong 180km in the north. Because Guning Wucheng looks like a phoenix spreading its wings, it is also called "Phoenix City".

Fenghuang town municipal government. Postal code: 036700. Administrative division code: 140925. Area code: 0350.

Population and nationality

In 2003, the total population was 6.5438+600,000.

In 2000, ningwu county administered four towns, 18 townships, with a total population of 152938. Township population: Yangfangkou Town, fenghuang town 44843 19442 Dongzhai Town 1495 14 shi zhuang zhen 42 14 Pandaoliang Township 1556 Xuejiawa Township 2664 Quanxiang 237 1 Yuzhuang Township 437. 830 Damiao Township 929 Qianmalun Township 1060 Huabei Township 80 13 Ninghua Township 458 1 Ximafang Township 8689 new castle Township 6600 Huaidao Township 6 196 Geliao Township 3307 Dongmafang Township 5776 Huishuntao Township/Kloc.

physical geography

It belongs to temperate continental climate. According to the climate division of Shanxi Meteorological Bureau from 65438 to 0959, it belongs to cold and dry areas. Especially: the climate is cold and windy, the winter is long, the frost-free period is short, there is more rain in mountainous areas, less rain in other areas, and the temperature difference is large. Rainfall is highly concentrated in July and August. There is an obvious vertical distribution of temperature and precipitation, and the illumination time varies greatly from place to place, as does a place from sunny slope to shady slope.

The annual average temperature is 6.2℃, the extreme minimum temperature is -27℃, the average temperature in July is 20.65438 0℃, the average temperature in 10 is -9.9℃, and the annual average temperature is 30.0℃. The frost-free period is 120 to 130 days. The average total sunshine hours are 2835 hours, the sunshine percentage is 67%, the annual average total solar radiation 142.3 kcal/cm2, and the annual average temperature is 2-6℃.

The average precipitation is 470-770mm, and the precipitation in mountainous areas is more than 600 mm The percentage of precipitation in each season to the annual precipitation is: spring 13%, summer 65%, autumn 20% and winter 2%. In historical records, the interannual variation of precipitation is very obvious. The maximum annual precipitation is 7 10.5mm( 1959), the minimum is 226. 1mm( 1965), and the maximum daily precipitation is100 mm.

The terrain is steep and the mountains are criss-crossing, generally at an altitude of about 2000m m, with Yunzhongshan in the east, mainly earth-rock mountains, and Dashirenliang, Jiguan Mountain and Laolongan as the main peaks. Dashirenliang is the highest, with an altitude of 2428 meters. The west consists of Guancen Mountain and Luya Mountain. These mountains are mountainous, steep and dense. Are there sleeping sheep on the main peak? ⒒ Dry caries on the tip of naphthalene skeleton? 0 commandant? It is more than 600 meters above sea level. Luliang Mountain in the southwest, Taohong Mountain in the north and Zen Temple Mountain in the northeast. From Pandaoliang in the northeast of the county seat to Shijiazhuang in the southwest, there are 99 peaks, with the highest peaks at the north and south ends of the county seat, the lowest elevation being Hexi Village in Yangfangkou 1260m, with an average elevation of 2,000 m in China. The mountain peaks in the county are bounded by the watershed, which is located on the north and south sides. The mountain trend of the county is northeast and southwest, and the overall terrain of Shanxi is inclined to the east; From the central peak to the north and south wings. The mountainous area accounts for 95% of the total area, which is 1888.32 square kilometers. There are 49 peaks above 2000m above sea level, accounting for 54% of the total number of peaks. These include:

Guancen Mountain is the residual vein of Yinshan Mountain, which was called the ancestor of Jinshan in ancient times. The main peak, Heyeping Mountain, is located at the junction of Ningwu, Wuzhai and Kelan counties, south of Ximafang Township, with an altitude of 2787 meters, which is the highest point in Ningwu. The alpine meadow with wide and flat top and rich resources has been an ideal natural grazing land since ancient times. Luya Mountain is 2736 meters above sea level. Located in the southwest of the county seat, bordering Wuzhai, there are ten thousand-year-old ice caves left by four-year glaciers on the mountain. There is also the mysterious mountain Tianchi group, blue waves and scales.

Chanfang Mountain is located in Yao Jiajia Village, Xuejiawa Township, northeast of the county seat, with an altitude of 2 106.38+0 meters and a stocky mountain.

The rivers in Ningwu belong to Fenhe River and Sanggan River, and there are mainly three rivers:

Fenhe River is the largest river, which originates at the foot of Guancen Mountain, one kilometer west of Dongzhai Town, the county seat. Water flows out of the cliff and out of the stone chisel "Longkou". The word "Fenyuan Lingfen" was carved in Longmen by the ancients, that is, Fenhe was the source. On the back of Loudi Village in Damiao Township, Fenhe ditch, 24 kilometers away from Fenyuan Lingtang, is also the source of Fenhe River. The area of Fenhe River basin accounts for 3/4 of the total area of the county, which is 1649 square kilometers.

The elevation of Fenyuan is1602m, and the outlet flow is 0.2m3 per second. From north to south, it flows through Dongzhai, Sanmaying, Gongjiazhuang, Ermaying, Toumaying, Huabeitun, Shanzhai, Beitun, Kuaitunguan, Ninghua, Bamenkou, Nantun, Zifang Temple, Shiliqiao, Yonghutun, Shijiazhuang, Yangfang, Dinghe and Panjiawan, and enters Jingle County.

The Red River was originally unknown. 1964, the unified planning of the county town was named as the mainstream formed by the confluence of Huaidao and Gegu. Originated in Donggou, Sanzhangzhuang Village, Dongzhuang Township, it is a first-class tributary of Fenhe River, with a total length of 38 kilometers, making it the second largest river. The basin covers an area of 504 square kilometers, accounting for 3 1% of the Fenhe River basin in China.

Hui River is the third largest river in Ningwu, the upper reaches of Sanggan River. Originated at the foot of the watershed in Zhuangxiang, the territory is 32 kilometers long. The drainage area is 30 1 km2, and the average longitudinal slope is 1%. The average fresh water flow is 0. 1 m3/s, and the river is large in summer and autumn, and it is often cut off in dry season. Measured at Yangfangkou Bridge at 1959, the river width is 180m, the average water depth is 0.8 1m, and the peak flow is 500m3/s ... It flows from southwest to northeast through Yuzhuang, Miao Zhuang, Bashang, Yangzhuang, Chengguan, Dahebao, majiawan, Shihu River, Mayuzhai and. To Yangfangkou Town, enter the territory of Shuoxian County, flow northward through Datong Basin, and enter Guanting Reservoir.

human history

Loufan county, ningwu county in Han Dynasty, and Yongjia in Wei and Jin Dynasties were abolished. Ninghua Army was established in the Northern Song Dynasty. Jin is called Ninghua County, which is under the jurisdiction of Ninghua Government. In the third year of Ming Hongwu, Ninghua Institute was established (so it was located in Nanning, Jinxian County). Chenghua established Ning Wuguan, and in the third year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, ningwu county was established as Ningwu House. In the first year of the Republic of China, the government was abolished and the county was left.

Ningwu has a long history and culture. As early as the Neolithic Age, there were human beings. Stone axes and pottery pieces left by ancient cultural sites such as Yangzhuang provide a basis for historians to study the cultural development of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. From 1 1 century to 476 BC, in today's Ningwu area, there was an active Loufan tribe (or clan) with a long history and good at shooting and riding. In 277 BC, Zhao conquered Loufan, and King Wuling of Zhao once again used Loufan's soldiers to realize the plan of destroying Qin. Now Ningwu is the main area where he is stationed. During the Sui Dynasty, hundreds of thousands of craftsmen built the grand Fenyang Palace in Tianchi and Fenyuan in Ningwu today. Tang Dynasty, Tianchi, Chi Yuan and Loufan were important military bases transferred to North Korea. In the Yuan Dynasty, the soldiers and civilians guarding the border began to reclaim land and plant in the present Ningwu area, ending the desert state in local history. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Ningwu has developed step by step by repairing the inner border, building cities and temples.

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Xiwei Town was established, which was under the jurisdiction of Taiyuan Government. Chenghua established Ning Wuguan in four years. In the 19th year of Jiajing, Ningwu was an important town in Shanxi, commanding the military affairs of Yanmen, Ningwu and Piantou. In the third year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, ningwu county was changed to Ningwu House, which governed Ningwu, Shenchi, Wuzhai and Pianguan counties, and belonged to Yanmen Road in Shanxi. In the early Republic of China, it was abolished. After the founding of the People's Government of ningwu county, it belongs to the administrative office of Xinxian County. 1959 1 was placed under the exclusive agency of Jinbei, 196 1 returned to Xinxian County. During the Cultural Revolution, the "County People's Government" was changed to the "County Revolutionary Committee", which was subordinate to the Xinxian Revolutionary Committee. 1981March, the Seventh People's Congress of this county changed the "County Revolutionary Committee" to "County People's Government", which is now under the jurisdiction of the People's Government of Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province.

From the Warring States Period to the end of Ming Dynasty, Ningwu area or border area is an important channel connecting the mainland and northern minorities, or a place where the Han nationality in the mainland and northern minorities live together, and it is the main area for cultural exchanges between ethnic merchants. Ningwu's special geographical environment gave birth to the rough and bold Ningwu people, and the industrious and simple Ningwu people created brilliant material civilization and spiritual civilization. In ancient times, the main platform for dredging Fenshui River and conquering floods lived in Ningwu area for a long time. In Dinghe Village, Ningwu, there is a "Changning Palace Temple" to commemorate it. Gu Lou, a famous female writer in Han Dynasty, is annoying. Liu is a pioneer in studying abroad in this county. Ding Zhizhong and Nan Guixin joined the League in their early years and participated in the Taiyuan Uprising in 19 1 1, which made important contributions to the revolutionary struggle to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. Wu Liang, the eldest son of the famous writer Wu, once served as the magistrate of Ningwu, with remarkable achievements. Sisters Wang Chunjing and Wang Chunwei, born in Ningwu, won the national tennis singles and doubles championships in 1930s, and won honors for Ningwu and Shanxi people. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, proletarian revolutionaries and military strategists He Long, Yu, Yu and others fought in Ningwu for a long time, leaving many revolutionary footprints and glorious traditions. The people of Ningwu fought bravely, and countless heroic models emerged. Zhang, the detachment leader of the old fort township soldiers and a hero of the special militia in Jinxian County, created the experience of combining the enemy with me, labor and weapons, and became a household name in Shanxi and Suiyuan. Xing Siwa, the captain of Ximawa villagers' soldiers, organized and led the militia to open up wasteland to plant arms fields and founded an "arms cooperative", which is well known to all women and children. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, tens of thousands of people in Ningwu participated in the war. 1076 Martyrs died for the revolution.