What are the contents of excavator maintenance?

Excavators, also known as digging machines, are earth-moving machines that use buckets to dig materials above or below the bearing surface, and then load them into transport vehicles or unload them into the yard. It has become one of the most important construction machinery in engineering construction. In use, reasonable maintenance is an effective means to prolong the service life of the machine.

Daily inspection is an important link to ensure the long-term and efficient operation of hydraulic excavators, especially for self-employed, doing daily inspection can effectively reduce maintenance costs.

Turn the machine twice first, and check whether there is any abnormality in the appearance and chassis of the machine, and whether there is oil flowing out of the slewing support. Then, check the bolts and fasteners of the retarder and the crawler. If it is a wheeled excavator, it is necessary to check whether the tires are abnormal and whether the air pressure is stable.

Check whether the bucket teeth of the excavator are seriously worn. It is understood that the wear of bucket teeth will greatly increase the resistance in the construction process, seriously affect the work efficiency and increase the wear of equipment parts.

Check the stick and cylinder for cracks or oil leakage. Check the battery electrolyte to avoid falling below the low level.

The air filter is an important part to prevent a large amount of dusty air from entering the excavator, so it should be checked and cleaned frequently.

Check fuel, lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, coolant, etc. frequently. Need to add, and it is best to choose oil according to the requirements of the manual and keep it clean.

1, fuel management

Choose different brands of diesel oil according to different ambient temperatures; Diesel oil cannot be mixed with impurities, lime soil and water, otherwise it will make the fuel pump wear prematurely; The high content of paraffin and sulfur in inferior fuel will damage the engine; After daily operation, the oil tank should be filled with oil to prevent water droplets from forming on the inner wall of the oil tank; Open the drain valve at the bottom of the oil tank to drain water before daily operation; After the engine runs out of fuel or the filter element is replaced, the air in the road must be exhausted.

2, other oil management

Other oils include engine oil, hydraulic oil and gear oil; Different brands and grades of oils cannot be mixed; Different kinds of excavator oil have different chemical or physical additives in the production process; Make sure the oil is clean and prevent impurities (water, dust, particles, etc.). ) from mixing; Select the oil label according to the ambient temperature and use. When the ambient temperature is high, the engine oil with high viscosity should be selected; when the ambient temperature is low, the engine oil with low viscosity should be selected; The viscosity of gear oil is relatively large to adapt to large transmission load, and the viscosity of hydraulic oil is relatively small to reduce the flow resistance of liquid.

3. Lubricating oil management

Using lubricating oil (butter) can reduce the wear of moving surfaces and prevent noise. When storing grease, dust, sand, water and other impurities should not be mixed; It is recommended to choose lithium-based grease g2-l 1, which has good wear resistance and is suitable for heavy load conditions. When filling, try to squeeze out all the old oil and wipe it clean to prevent sand sticking.

4. Maintenance of filter element

The function of the filter element is to filter impurities in the oil circuit or gas circuit to prevent impurities from invading the system and causing failures; Various filter elements should be replaced regularly according to the requirements of the operation and maintenance manual; When replacing the filter element, check whether the old filter element is attached with metal, and diagnose and take improvement measures in time if metal particles are found; Use pure filter elements that meet the requirements of the machine. The poor filtration ability of fake and inferior filter elements, and the quality and material of filter layer do not meet the requirements, which will seriously affect the normal use of the machine.

5. Contents of regular maintenance

① Replace the fuel filter and additional fuel filter after the new machine works for 250 hours; Check the clearance of the engine valve.

② Daily maintenance; Check, clean or replace the air filter element; Clean the inside of the cooling system; Check and tighten the track shoe bolts; Check and adjust the back tension of the track; Check the air inlet heater; Replace the bucket teeth; Adjust the bucket clearance; Check the liquid level of the front window cleaning solution; Check and adjust the air conditioner; Clean the floor of the cab; Replace the crusher filter element (optional). When cleaning the inside of the cooling system, after the engine is fully cooled, slowly loosen the filler cap, release the internal pressure of the water tank, and then drain the water; Don't clean the engine when it is working, the high-speed rotating fan will cause danger; When cleaning or replacing coolant, the machine should be parked on a level ground.

③ Check items before starting the engine. Check the coolant level (add water); Check the oil level and add oil; Check the fuel level (add fuel); Check the hydraulic oil level (add hydraulic oil); Check whether the air filter element is blocked; Check the wires; Check whether the horn is normal; Check the lubrication of the bucket; Check the water and sediment in the oil-water separator.

④ Every 100 maintenance items. Boom cylinder head pin shaft; Boom pin; Rod end of boom cylinder; Pin shaft of bucket cylinder head; Connecting pin of boom and bucket arm; The cylinder rod end of the stick cylinder; Bucket cylinder head pin shaft; Half-bar connecting rod connecting pin; Bucket rod and rod end of bucket cylinder; Bucket cylinder head pin shaft; Connecting pin of connecting rod; Check the oil level in the slewing mechanism box (refueling); Drain water and sediment from the fuel tank.

⑤ Check the oil level in the main reducer box every 250h for maintenance items (add gear oil); Check the battery electrolyte; Change the oil in the engine oil pan and engine filter; Lubricate the slewing bearing (2 places); Check the tension of fan belt, check the tension of air conditioner compressor belt and adjust it.

⑥ Maintenance items every 500 hours. At the same time every 100 and 250h maintenance projects; Replace the fuel filter element; Check the height of the grease for the slewing pinion (add grease); Check and clean radiator fins, oil cooler fins and cold sensor fins; Replace the hydraulic oil filter element; Change the oil in the final drive box (only at the first 500 hours, and then at 1000 hours); Clean the air filter inside and outside the air conditioning system; Replace the hydraulic oil drain element.

⑦ Maintenance items every 1000h. At the same time, carry out maintenance projects every 100, 250 and 500h; Replace the oil in the slewing mechanism box; Check the oil level (oil return) of the shock absorber housing; Check all fasteners of turbocharger; Check the clearance of turbocharger rotor; Inspection and replacement of generator belt tension; Replace the anti-corrosion filter element; Change the oil in the final drive box.

⑧ Maintenance items every 2000 hours. 1. Complete the maintenance project every 100, 250, 500 and 1000h; Clean the filter screen of the hydraulic oil tank; Clean and check the turbocharger; Check the generator and start the motor; Check the engine valve clearance (and adjust); Check shock absorber.

Pet-name ruby above 4000 h maintenance. Increase the inspection of the water pump every 4000 hours; Add the item of changing hydraulic oil every 5000 hours.

Attending long-term storage. When the machine is stored for a long time, the working device should be placed on the ground to prevent the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder from rusting; The whole machine is cleaned, dried and stored in an indoor dry environment; If it can only be stored outdoors due to conditions, the machine should be parked on a well-drained cement floor; Before storage, fill the oil tank, lubricate all parts, replace hydraulic oil and engine oil, coat a thin layer of butter on the exposed metal surface of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and remove the negative terminal of the battery, or remove the battery for separate storage; According to the lowest ambient temperature, an appropriate proportion of antifreeze is added to the cooling water; Start the engine once a month, operate the machine to lubricate the moving parts and charge the battery at the same time; Turn on the air conditioner for refrigeration for 5- 10min.

There is a saying that "if a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first", and effective maintenance can reduce the chance of machine failure. The above are the maintenance methods of excavators, hoping to bring help to friends in need.