Erickson’s Socialized Personality Theory-2021 Tianjin Teacher Recruitment

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Erikson is a representative of the new school of psychoanalysis. The stage theory of personality development proposed by him believes that the development of personality runs through an individual's life. He divides the individual personality development process into eight stages, each stage has a Unique development tasks. If the external environment is conducive to the individual's successful achievement of this developmental task, the personality will develop healthily. On the contrary, the individual will have a development crisis and hinder the healthy development of personality in subsequent periods. In the examination, we also focus on the matching of each personality development stage and its development tasks. Especially the first five stages are the period of individual growth and education, and the frequency of examinations is relatively high.

1. Infancy (0-18 months or so): basic trust vs. basic distrust

At this stage, the baby’s goal is to establish a sense of the world around him. A basic sense of trust. When a child cries, if the parents can comfort the child, the child will have a sense of trust; if the parents do not comfort the child, the child will think that the parents do not love him, which will lead to a sense of distrust. Such children will also be full of distrust when they grow up, so they will be anxious when facing new environments. This is a period of psychological conflict between basic trust and distrust, because during this period the child begins to get to know people. When the child cries or is hungry, whether parents appear is an important issue in building trust. Trust forms the quality of "hope" in the personality, which serves to strengthen the self. Children with a sense of trust dare to hope, are idealistic, and have a strong future orientation. On the contrary, they dare not hope and are always worried that their needs will not be met.

2. Early childhood (18 months to 3 years old): autonomy versus shyness and doubt

During this period, children master a large number of skills, such as crawling, walking, talking, etc. , and begin to decide with willpower what to do or not to do. Children desire autonomy and try to do some things by themselves, such as eating and dressing themselves. Parents must assume the task of controlling children's behavior to conform to social norms, that is, developing good habits; on the other hand, children have begun to have a sense of autonomy, and they insist on their own eating and excretion methods, so training good habits is not easy thing. At this time, the child will repeatedly use "I", "We", and "No" to resist external control, but parents must not let it go, as this will be detrimental to the socialization of children. At this time, parents should allow children to explore freely and provide appropriate care and protection. If parents blindly impose strict demands and restrictions on their children, it will harm children's sense of autonomy and self-control, and make children doubt their own abilities.

3. Preschool (3-6, 7 years old): sense of initiative versus guilt

At this stage, children show strong curiosity and desire to help others do things. Children's main activities during this period are playing games and asking questions. Gain a sense of self-existence through play and expand your thinking through questioning. In addition, children like to take the initiative to do things for others. If they can be encouraged, they will gain a sense of initiative. However, some parents do not allow their children to do things or explore, which will cause the children to feel guilty. When they grow up, they will also lack a sense of self-worth and will be timid and afraid to try anything. Therefore, adults should encourage and satisfy children's initiative and creative activities.

4. School age (6, 7-12 years old): Diligence vs. Inferiority

At this stage, children’s successful experience helps children build diligent traits and Show willingness to work and good adaptability later in life. If children do not develop this sense of industry, they develop a sense of inferiority that causes them to lose confidence in their ability to become useful members of society. We should encourage our children more and provide them with more successful experiences.

5. Adolescence (12-18 years old): Confusion of roles in the same pair of roles

In adolescence, self-awareness begins to grow, and people desire independence. They often evaluate themselves and often think about who they are. What kind of person is it, that is, issues related to self-image, abilities, beliefs, character, etc. and eager to find answers. If the individual integrates these aspects well during this period and behaves in line with its role, the individual will gain better role identity. Otherwise, it will cause role confusion.

The sixth stage: (18-25 years old) is early adulthood

The personality conflict in this period is intimacy versus loneliness

Purpose: to develop intimacy, Avoid feelings of loneliness.

Only young people with a strong sense of self-identity dare to risk intimacy with others. Because to have a loving relationship with others is to merge one's own identity with the identity of others. There is self-sacrifice or loss here, which is the only way to create true intimacy in a relationship and to achieve the intimacy that would otherwise create loneliness.

The seventh stage: 25-65 years old is middle adulthood

Personality conflict: a sense of abundance versus a sense of decadence

Purpose: to gain a sense of abundance and avoid a sense of stagnation.

When a person successfully passes through the self-identity period, he will live a happy and fulfilling life in the years to come. He will have children and care about the reproduction and upbringing of his offspring. At this stage, the individual's sense of reproduction not only refers to fertility, but also manifests itself in work and interpersonal relationships. He believes that the sense of fertility has two meanings: birth and nurturing. Even if a person has not given birth to a child, he can still have a sense of fertility as long as he cares about, educates and guides his children. On the contrary, a person without a sense of fertility has a poor and stagnant personality. He is a self-focused person who only considers his own needs and interests and does not care about the needs and interests of others (including children). During this period, people not only have to give birth to children, but also undertake social work. This is the period when a person's care and creativity for the next generation are most vigorous, and people will acquire the qualities of care and creativity.

The eighth stage: late adulthood after 65 years old

Personality conflict: perfection versus despair

Purpose: to gain a sense of perfection and avoid despair and depression.

Due to the aging process, the elderly's physical strength, mental capacity and health deteriorate, and they must make corresponding adjustments and adaptations, so it is called a psychological conflict between self-adjustment and despair. When old people look back on the past, they may say goodbye with full feelings, or they may die with despair. Self-adjustment is a feeling of accepting oneself and acknowledging reality; a sense of transcendent wisdom. If a person's self-adjustment is greater than despair, he will acquire the quality of wisdom. The elderly's attitude towards death directly affects the formation of trust in the next generation as children. Therefore, the eighth stage and the first stage are connected end to end, forming a cycle or cycle of life.

I believe everyone already has an understanding of Erikson’s social development theory. Next, we will do two questions to practice.

1. Multiple-choice question Xiao Ming is very naughty and always secretly takes apart electric cars to explore the mysteries. This shows that Xiao Ming’s personality development task is ().

A. Autonomy vs. shyness and doubt

B. Initiative vs. guilt

C. Diligence vs. inferiority complex

D .A pair of characters with the same role is confused

1. Answer B. Analysis: Preschool children like to gain a sense of self-existence through play, expand their thinking and explore through questioning. The child's personality development task at this stage is the sense of initiative versus guilt. So choose B.

Core test points Educational Psychology-Students’ Psychological Development and Education-Social Development and Education-The Main Viewpoints of Erikson’s Social Development Theory

Difficulty Coefficient★★

2. (Single-choice question) According to Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, the characteristics of adolescence are ().

A Identity and prevent confusion of identity

B Obtain a sense of diligence and overcome inferiority complex

C Obtain a sense of intimacy to avoid loneliness

D Gain a sense of initiative and overcome guilt

2. Answer A. Analysis: This question tests the understanding of Erikson’s theory of personality development. Erikson, an American psychoanalyst, believes that personality development is a gradual process that must go through eight stages in an unchanged sequence, of which the first five stages belong to the period of children's growth and education. Including basic trust versus basic distrust (0-1.5 years old), autonomy versus shame and doubt (2-3 years old), initiative versus guilt (4-5 years old), diligence versus inferiority (4-5 years old) Five stages: 6-11 years old), self-identity versus role confusion (12-18 years old). The question stem asks about the characteristics of adolescence, that is, confusion about self-identity and role (12-18 years old). Item A is correct.

B, C, and D: None of them are characteristics of adolescence and are interference items. If it does not match the question, it will be excluded.

Therefore the correct answer is A.

Core test points Educational Psychology-Students’ psychological development and education-Social development and education-The main viewpoints of Erikson’s social development theory

Difficulty coefficient★?