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UK:

The Canterbury Tales

"The Canterbury Tales" is a collection of poetic stories written by the great poet Chaucer in the fourteenth century. Most of them are in rhyme. Written in poetry form. The book contains a general quotation and 23 stories, two of which are prose and the rest are in poetry. It tells the strange stories that a group of pilgrims told to relieve their boredom on their way to Canterbury. This group of people included priests, warriors, nuns, college students, craftsmen and other people from all walks of life. Their stories also broadly reflected the social scene at that time. It depicts characters from different classes, satirizes the ugliness of feudal society in a humorous tone, exposes the corruption of society, opposes asceticism, and promotes worldly enjoyment. Short dramatic scenes are connected in between. The content and style of the stories are different and suit the identity of each narrator. This book vividly depicts the social life in Britain in the 14th century, embodying anti-feudal tendencies and humanistic ideas.

Hamlet

In the immortal play "Hamlet", there are always a series of fierce conflicts between good and evil. As the main character of the play, Hamlet's fate is inevitably in the whirlpool of fierce conflicts.

As a prince, Hamlet was shaped by Shakespeare as a model of the beauty of life. He was young, handsome, resolute and brave, loved his country, his father and queen, and had his beloved lover Ophelia. , it can be said that his life is at the best moment of his life.

However, this beautiful life time disappeared in an instant. What kind of environment was he in? We see that the Danish palace was in chaos at that time, the old king died strangely, the queen remarried to the new king, foreign enemy troops pressed on the border, and the domestic public situation was furious and about to explode, but the palace was drinking and having fun all night long. Hamlet's young and beautiful life cast a huge shadow, which made him depressed, thinking that the world was just "a barren and uncultivated garden, overgrown with vicious weeds". These factors had injected tragedy into the prince's young life. .

With the appearance of Lao Wang’s ghost, the inside story of the palace was revealed, the crime of murder was exposed, the fire in the prince’s heart ignited, and the curtain of tragedy began...

Faced with The sinister and treacherous new king, Hamlet, began his act of revenge alone: ??for revenge, he accidentally killed his lover's father; for revenge, he pretended to be crazy and lost his beloved lover; for revenge, he spoke coldly to his weak mother. ; In order to take revenge, he endured the pain of losing friendship. In the end, in a bloody palace duel, although he killed the cunning and cunning new king, his life also ended in this "prison" palace.

Lu Xun once said: "Tragedy is the destruction of valuable things in life for others to see." Hamlet, as a prince deeply loved by the masses, has the ability to rectify the situation, govern the country, and take revenge. ability. However, facing the powerful feudal forces represented by the insidious and treacherous new king, as a bourgeois humanist, he always regarded this cause that was closely connected with the people as personal hatred and fought alone. Therefore, his Tragedy is not only the tragedy of the conflict between truth, goodness and beauty, but also the tragedy of an era of humanists.

The key to why the image of Hamlet has a strong tragic beauty lies in the conflicts that constitute it all. Tragedy expresses the affirmation of truth, goodness and beauty through the revelation of the inevitability of conflicts and the destruction of valuable things. . Hamlet won a moral victory over the old system and the old forces with his own death. He was tragic but not pessimistic, allowing people to feel a new life from the protagonist through tragedy and see a glimmer of light in the dark kingdom.

Othello

"Othello" is one of the four great tragedies by the British playwright Shakespeare. It tells the story of the black general Othello and the beautiful and kind-hearted Desdemona who fell in love and got married secretly. Iago, the flag officer, holds a grudge because Othello gave Cassio the position he sought and is determined to take revenge.

He designed Cassio to be dismissed for violating military discipline, and encouraged Desdemona to intercede with Othello, which caused Othello to become jealous and strangled her to death because he suspected that his beloved wife was having an affair with Cassio. When Iago's wife exposes the conspiracy, Othello draws his sword and kills himself, falling on Desdemona's body...

King Lear

"King Lear" too One of Shakespeare's four great tragedies, it tells the story of the aged King Lear who wants to divide the land among his three daughters. The eldest daughter Goneril and his second daughter Regan win his favor and divide the land among his three daughters. The younger daughter Cordille But Ya got nothing because she was unwilling to flatter her. The King of France, who came to propose marriage, was very discerning and married Cordelia as his queen. King Lear left the throne, and his eldest daughter and second daughter actually refused to give him a place to live. The king at that time had no choice but to go to the wilderness... Cordelia led a team to attack, and the father and daughter were reunited. But the war went unfavorably, Cordelia was killed, and King Lear died in grief guarding the body of his beloved little daughter.

Macbeth

Macbeth was a nobleman in Scotland. He was brave and good at fighting and won the respect of the people. During a battle, he met three witches who predicted that he would become king. He was quite moved. His wife is a woman with a heart like a viper. She wanted nothing more than to sit on the queen's throne. Macbeth, who was originally kind-hearted, finally became insane under her instigation. He committed regicide when the king visited his home. After this he ascended to the throne. Although he tried to hide the truth, the news finally leaked out. The two princes fled abroad. Macbeth began to eradicate dissidents, and Scotland fell into massacre. In the bloody scene, Macbeth and his wife suffered from the condemnation of their own conscience. They lived a life of fear. Finally, the two princes led their troops to fight back from abroad. Macbeth betrays his family and commits suicide in despair.

A Midsummer Night's Dream

A simple, quiet, and slowly coming dream brings us into a long-lost theme of human care. Let us care. Every life around me!

In the square in front of a large Renaissance house in the Tuscan countryside, preparations for the wedding of Duke Theseus were proceeding in an orderly manner. Two little people sneaked into the crowd, collecting bits and pieces of property and preparing to smuggle them out.

The fiancée Hyperita is unmoved by the impending wedding, and the Duke has to listen to arguments against an arranged marriage: stubborn old Aegeus betroths his daughter Hermia to Demechus, but she loves Lysander and is desperate to marry him.

The Duke ordered Hermia to obey her father's arrangements, and Hermia decided to use a new invention-the bicycle-to elope with her lover. But her good friend Helena, who loved Demechus, warned against this plan. That night, the lovers ran into the woods, Demechus leading them on his bicycle while Helena chased after them.

There is a group of amateur actors in the woods. They are workers from nearby villages, and they are looking for a secluded place to rehearse the show. But even their lead actor, Porter the Weaver, is a very clumsy guy who delivers a hilarious performance. They hope to perform the show at the Duke's wedding in order to receive some reward.

But neither the lovers nor the actors knew that they were approaching the secret home of the elves in the dark jungle. Puck, the elf wizard, spreads a powerful love potion, causing chaos among lovers.

The Merchant of Venice

"The Merchant of Venice" is one of Shakespeare's four comedies, written around 1596. The play describes Bassanio, a penniless aristocratic young man in Venice, who borrows money from his friend Antonio in order to propose to the wealthy heiress Portia. Since the cargo ship has not arrived yet, Antonio has to borrow money from Shylock, a Jewish loan shark, and is forced to make a covenant: If he does not repay on time, Shylock will cut a pound of flesh from Antonio. Bassanio and Portia fall in love at first sight, but Antonio's cargo ship is in danger and has not returned. When the debt is due, he will be fined with a pound of flesh. Portia resolutely disguises herself as a lawyer and goes to Venice to rescue Antonio. In court, Portia used her amazing intelligence to refute Shylock and win the case.

Robinson Crusoe

With the high ambition of traveling around the world, the young British Robinson said goodbye to his family, crossed the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and experienced numerous dangers during the thrilling voyage. Later, the entire ship finally died in the Pacific Ocean. Only he miraculously survived and came to an uninhabited island alone.

He got the enlightenment of life from the gap of despair, and spent decades on the isolated island in an instant. He worked and lived on an isolated island, opened up wasteland, raised livestock, and produced rice and wheat. He was accompanied by loneliness year after year and overcame various difficulties that ordinary people would find difficult to overcome. He once fought wits with wild beasts, and also fought bravely with savages who cannibalize human flesh. The whole novel is bizarre, realistic and fascinating. It is a popular classic about the homeless man that integrates ideological, literary and artistic qualities.

Gulliver's Travels

"Gulliver's Travels" is the masterpiece of the outstanding British writer Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) in the 18th century. It is a travelogue style. satirical novel. The novel mainly describes the protagonist, the surgeon Gulliver, who was shipwrecked on a voyage and wandered to several imaginary countries, and what he saw and heard in those countries. In the first volume, it is written that Gulliver capsized his boat during the voyage and became a prisoner of Lilliput. In Lilliput, he first helped them pull over the enemy's ships in order to repay his kindness and made great contributions, but gradually he became more and more loyal to the king. Dissatisfied with his endless ambition, he fled to the other country's country. The second volume writes that when he returned from another Lilliputian country, he unfortunately encountered a powerful storm and was abandoned on a desert island. He was "picked up" by a giant rich farmer and became a cash cow. He suffered all kinds of torture. He was dying of illness and was finally sold to the queen as a plaything by his master. When he and an attendant went to the beach to relax, they were tricked by a big eagle as food and were rescued on the way. The third volume records that his ship was attacked by pirates, and he was exiled to the sea to drift in the wind because of his "rude words". He arrived at Fei Island Country, and then described the strange "claps", "voices from the sky", and weird things in Fei Island Country. School of design as well as ink biscuits and more. The rich and colorful phenomena really feast the readers' eyes. Through the bizarre experiences and encounters of the protagonist, the work reflects the author's keen observation of the British capitalist system at that time, revealing the darkness of the British capitalist political system and the appearance of careerists who are constantly expanding outwards and their cruelty to the domestic people. It also strongly advocates that people should live "down to earth" and not be obsessed with dreams that may come true in the future. The meaning is very profound.

A Tale of Two Cities

Dr. Manette was framed and imprisoned because he had evidence of the tyrannical Marquis's bad behavior. After spending many years in prison, he went to London to live with his beautiful daughter Lucy after his release. Lawyer Caton met Lucy by chance, and gradually developed a secret love affair. According to the information obtained from the investigation, it was known that she was engaged to Charles Denet, a French exiled aristocrat in England. Denet was the nephew of a marquis and was born into a noble family. Therefore, he learned from the turbulent society at that time that he would be arrested by the new revolutionary government. Because he left France against the tyranny of the French aristocracy, Catton admired this, and Catton himself was a person with a strong sense of chivalry, so he abandoned his personal relationship and helped them get married. The Dofalzi couple, who had been taken care of by Dr. Manette and then ran a bar, especially Mrs. Dofalzi, cursed ordinary nobles because their family had been insulted by the Marquis. Therefore, he advocated "liberty, equality, and fraternity" for ordinary women, and took the lead in shouting the need for revolution to incite the people, which eventually led to the arrest of the Marquis' servant Cabell and his daughter Mary. When Deney learned of this unreasonable arrest, he was very angry and risked his own life to go to Paris to rescue them. However, he was also arrested as expected. Later, due to the strong testimony of Dr. Manette, he was acquitted for a time. However, Madame Dofalz, who still had a grudge against the nobles, cited a secret document written by Dr. Manette in prison, proving that Dene was of Marquis blood. For this reason, the revolutionary government should sentence Dene to death. The sound of execution on the guillotine is very terrifying. One can imagine Lucy's grief as she is about to lose her husband.

Carton also planned to end his long wandering life and wanted to save Lucy's husband. When he found that he and Dene looked very similar, he managed to enter the prison, replaced Dene and saved Dene's life.

Tess of the d'Urbervilles

One evening in late May, a clergyman who was investigating the genealogy of the residents in this area for the purpose of writing a new county chronicle told John d'Urbervilles: He He is a descendant of the Deborah family, an ancient warrior family in the area. This sudden news made the poor country hawker dance with joy. He whimsically asked his 17-year-old eldest daughter Tess to find her "family" with a nearby rich old lady d'Urberville, in order to escape from financial difficulties. Dilemma.

In fact, Mrs. Deborah has nothing to do with this ancient samurai family. Her family is a nouveau riche who made their fortune by lending money and moved here from the north. The surname was also found in the museum. of. After Tess arrived at her house, eldest son of Deborah, Alec, saw that the girl was pretty, so he pretended to be kind-hearted and allowed Tess to raise chickens at his house. Three months later, Yalei raped her.

After Tess lost her virginity, she was extremely contemptuous and disgusted with Alec. She returned to her parents with mental and physical trauma and found that she was pregnant. Not only did her humiliation not receive sympathy from society, but she was ridiculed and criticized. The baby died shortly after birth, and the miserable Tess decided to change her environment and work in a dairy factory in the south.

At the dairy factory, she met 26-year-old Angel Clay. He was born into a wealthy pastor family, but he refused to follow his father and brother's will and inherit the pastor's mantle. He was willing to give up the opportunity to go to college and come here to learn the skills of raising cattle in order to become independent. During labor, Tess and Angel fell in love with each other. When Angel's parents suggested that he marry a well-matched rich girl, he flatly refused. But Tess's thoughts are very contradictory. She has a good impression of Angel's integrity, independent will and care for her, but she also feels sad that she has lost her virginity and is not worthy of being his wife. But strong love finally defeated the regret of the past, and she married Angel.

On their wedding night, Tess made up her mind to tell Angel her "sins" in full. But once she finished telling her story with Yare, Angel Clay, who seemed to be open-minded, not only did not forgive her, but turned ruthless and traveled across the ocean to Brazil alone, even though he himself had been with an unknown person. Women lived wildly.

Abandoned, Tess is heartbroken. She was lonely, regretful, angry, and desperate, but for the sake of her family's life, she had to endure humiliation and suffering. At the same time, she still holds on to a glimmer of hope, hoping that her husband will change his mind and return to her.

One day, on her way back from Angel's house to inquire about the news, Tess discovered that Alec, the man who destroyed her virginity, had become a pastor and was preaching with a benevolent and moral tone. Alec also pestered Tess and shamelessly tried to live with her. Tess was angry and frightened, and immediately wrote a long letter to her husband, begging Clay to return quickly to protect her.

Clay was poor and sick in Brazil and went through many hardships. He regretted his reckless behavior of abandoning Tess and decided to return to England and reconcile with Tess. But at this time, another change occurred in Tess's family: her father died suddenly, and the house was taken back by the owner. The family had no place to live and no shelter. At this difficult moment, Alec takes advantage of the situation and uses money to lure Tess into living with him. Clay's return is like a sharp blade, piercing Tess out of her numb state. In desperation, she killed Alei with her own hands and caught up with Clay. They spent a few days in the desert wilderness enjoying a happy life of escape. Finally, in a quiet dawn, Tess was arrested and then hanged; Clay followed Tess's last wish and started a new life with Tess's sister with repentance.

Jude the Obscure

Among all Hardy's novels, "Jude the Obscure" is the one with a longer time span. At the beginning of the story, the male protagonist is only eleven years old, his parents are dead, he is poor, lonely and sentimental, but his great ambition to seek progress has been deeply buried in his young heart.

He first worked as a boy in a country bakery and later as an apprentice stonemason. After hard work, he studied on his own and overcame many obstacles. He came to Christ Church (alluding to Oxford), which he regarded as a holy place of knowledge, but he could only work as a stonemason. He lingered outside the gate of Guangsha Academy of Higher Education for a long time. He was just thirty years old and died before his ambition was fulfilled. Xi De's experience is a reflection of the desire of a generation of educated young workers to change their status after rural education gradually became popular in Britain in the second half of the 19th century. As an icon craftsman who inherited her father's business and a young woman who received normal education, Shu's social status is similar to that of Jude. However, as a woman, her thoughts, words and deeds reflected the feminist movement that had emerged in Britain at that time. In terms of temperament, she was more keen and radical than Jude in accepting new trends of thought; she was less brave and persistent in resisting evil forces. In real life, there are many examples of young men and women of this type who have succeeded through self-struggle, but in the end they are rare. Under normal circumstances, they are always restricted by the social conditions at that time, even if they pay a high and painful price. It's hard to get what you want. Hardy uses the attitude of a self-proclaimed "sincere" novelist to create this pair of losers, which in itself has the power of social criticism.

Jane Eyre

"Jane Eyre" is the representative work of Charlotte Bronte, a famous British female writer in the 19th century. The whole book is characterized by its story of a "Cinderella" It is a representative work of female literature and a must-read classic for women all over the world who can read novels. It has a strong artistic power that shocks the soul.

The uniqueness of "Jane Eyre" not only lies in the authenticity and strong appeal of the novel, but also in the novel's rich lyrical writing style and profound and delicate psychological description, which shows the ups and downs of the hero and heroine. The love experience has created an image of a woman who is independent, independent, and aggressive who does not succumb to worldly pressure. She despises the arrogance of the powerful and laughs at their stupidity, showing her self-reliant personality and beautiful ideals. The idea expressed in the novel, that is, the idea that women are unwilling to accept the status assigned to them by society and demand independence and equality in work and marriage, was extraordinary at the time and shocked the British literary world.

France:

La Traviata

In China, "La Traviata" can be said to be one of the most familiar and favorite foreign literary masterpieces among readers. As early as more than 100 years ago, after the famous translator Lin Shu translated and published the novel "The Legacy of La Traviata in Paris" in classical Chinese, the love story of Margaret and Armand spread rapidly among Chinese readers and became deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese readers.

"La Traviata" is Xiaozhong Ma's first masterpiece that became famous in the literary world. The humanitarian thoughts expressed in the novel reflect the true feelings of the world, the care, tolerance and respect between people, and embody the With the love of humanity, this kind of thoughts and feelings arouse people's enthusiasm and are generally welcomed.

Eugénie Grandet

"Eugenie Grandet" is the founder and outstanding representative of European critical realism literature - "The Human World" created by Balzac An outstanding piece of comedy. The story unfolds in the daily life of the family. There are no sensational incidents and no legend. As the author himself said, this is an "ordinary tragedy without poison, no sharp knives, and no bloodshed." And its tragic procedures But no less than a classical tragedy.

This masterpiece of Balzac describes the evil methods of the bourgeois nouveau riche to make a fortune. The work profoundly exposes the greedy nature of the bourgeoisie and the evils of capitalist society, and creates a world-famous figure like Grandet. The famous miser figure. It is said that this novel was the product of Balzac's passionate love with the Russian noblewoman Madame Hanska who later became his wife. Balzac himself cherished this novel very much and called it "one of the most outstanding drawings". For more than a hundred years, this work has had a huge impact on the development of world literature and human progress with its unique literary aesthetic value. Marx and Engels therefore praised Balzac as a "superior novelist".

Les Misérables

In "Les Misérables", Hugo used his outstanding artistic charm to show the cruel reality of capitalist society enslaving working people and forcing girls into prostitution.

Hugo's masterpiece has created a long history that reflects France's modern social and political life. The book spans nearly half a century. The combination of personal destiny and historical themes is majestic and colorful, which fully reflects Hugo's extraordinary talent in narrative.

The Count of Monte Cristo

The author of "The Count of Monte Cristo" is the French writer Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870). Alexandre Dumas was born in an officer family and worked as the Duke's secretary. He is mainly engaged in drama creation, and has been engaged in the creation of historical novels since the mid-1930s. Among them, "The Three Musketeers" has achieved great success, making him the most popular popular novelist in France.

The main plot of "The Count of Monte Cristo" has ups and downs, twists and turns, and several subplots have evolved from it. The vignettes are compact and exciting, but they do not overwhelm the protagonist; the plot is bizarre but does not violate the reality of life. In terms of structure, the novel introduces several main characters at the beginning. The first part describes how the protagonist was framed, and the second part describes how to take revenge. The context is clear. The three clues of revenge intersect without being messy. They maintain a certain degree of independence before they are merged together. . Therefore, "The Count of Monte Cristo" is recognized as a model in popular fiction. After this novel was published, it quickly won the favor of a large number of readers, was translated into dozens of languages, and was made into movies many times in France and the United States. For more than 100 years, this book has had countless readers.

Notre Dame de Paris

Victor Hugo (1802-1885), the author of the novel "Notre Dame de Paris", was a famous French poet, novelist, and literary critic in the 19th century A writer and political commentator, he was also an innovator in poetry, the founder of romantic drama, and one of the French people's favorite writers. Hugo wrote many works throughout his life, covering various literary genres, including poetry, drama, novels, literary theory, political commentary, etc. The entire work is full of humanitarian passion.

The novel "Notre Dame de Paris" artistically reproduces the historical reality of the reign of French King Louis XI more than 400 years ago, how the palace and the church colluded to oppress the people, and how the people fought heroically against the two forces. . The rebel gypsy girl Esmeralda and the ugly disabled person Quasimodo in the novel are presented to readers as the embodiment of real beauty, and people can see it in the archdeacon Frollo and the noble soldier Phoebus. What is more is cruelty, empty soul and sinful lust. The author organically connects evocative stories with vivid and rich dramatic scenes, making this novel highly readable. The novel has a strong romantic color and uses contrasting writing techniques. It is an artistic example of applying the contrast principle of romanticism. The publication of the novel made Hugo's reputation even more widespread.

Madame Bovary

Flaubert (1821-1880), the author of "Madame Bovary", is a master of French realist literature and one of the three giants in the history of French novels in the 19th century. One, Flaubert was born in a family of doctors. He studied law in Paris but dropped out due to illness. Flaubert's background had a huge impact on his writing: he was used to seeing scalpels and he did not believe in religion and worshiped truth - this was fully reflected in his novels. He lived on his abundant inheritance and concentrated on literary creation. He lived a celibate life throughout his life.

The novel "Madame Bovary" is Flaubert's masterpiece. The author uses concise and delicate writing to reproduce the social life of France in the mid-19th century through the experience of Emma, ??a passionate woman. The artistic form of "Madame Bovary" makes it a new turning point in modern novels. Since the publication of Madame Bovary, novelists have known that even novels must be carefully crafted. This is not only an exemplary novel, but also an exemplary essay. However, "Madame Bovary" also caused trouble for the author. Many people took notice and criticized Flaubert's book for "undermining social morality and religion." He was also summoned by the court: it turned out that someone accused him of "indecent morals." At this time, many readers expressed their sympathy and support to Flaubert, and even the romantic writers who had always been opposed to him defended him. In court, after a fierce debate, the writer was acquitted - this shows the influence of "Madame Bovary".

John Christophe

"John Christophe" is Romain Rolland's masterpiece. The protagonist, John Christophe, is a petty bourgeois democratic intellectual who personally resists society.

Christopher's character traits are mainly displayed through his three stages of life. He lived in Germany in his early years and showed outstanding musical talent in his childhood and adolescence. However, his humble background made him feel the hardship of life and social injustice from an early age, and he began to form a sense of resistance. The young musician despised the feudal aristocracy, hated the nouveau riche of the bourgeoisie, and did not want them to treat art as a plaything for enjoyment. However, he was also rejected and attacked by society because of this. Later, he had to go into exile in France because of his righteousness to save others, which resulted in a murder. After arriving in Paris, he witnessed the degeneration of the Paris literary world and even the entire society, and was very disappointed. In order to safeguard the purity of art and personal dignity, he resolutely launched a fierce attack on the French art world. However, his resistance is always lonely, and the only person who understands and supports him is his good friend Olivier. Christophe's social status made him sympathize with the lower class people, but his sense of personal heroism and miscalculation of the role of art prevented him from integrating well with the people and finding spiritual strength from them. His friend Olivier was injured and died during the May Day demonstrations, which was a heavy blow to Christophe, and he avoided the struggle from then on. In his later years, Christophe reflected on his life and stopped caring about worldly affairs. He was intoxicated with love, compromised with reality, and made peace with his past enemies. At the same time, he devoted himself to the creation of religious music and died in the pursuit of inner harmony.

In the novel, Christopher has a sincere, persistent, strong character and a strong spirit of resistance. The work strives to portray this image as a heroic figure who is higher than the vulgar bourgeois society. There is no doubt that Christophe's resistance has positive significance, but his ideological limitations caused him to fall into deep contradictions, which led to the failure of his personal resistance. Christophe's life course of resistance, failure, wavering, and disillusionment contains rich social content. It profoundly summarizes the spiritual outlook of petty bourgeois intellectuals with democratic ideas in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, extensively reflects the reality and contradictions of European capitalist society during this period, and sharply criticizes the influence of decadent culture on true art. Destroy.

"John Christopher" created the artistic genre of "Long River Novel". The work takes the protagonist's life as the main clue and constitutes the basic plot. Although the secondary characters each have their own unique fate and encounters, they always echo the main line. The whole work is like a great river formed by many tributaries, flowing endlessly. "John Christopher" is another "musical novel", not only because the novel is about the life of a musician, but also the whole novel is full of musical color. The protagonist's joys, sorrows, joys and sorrows are skillfully woven into the symphonic melody, forming a harmonious and perfect whole.

The work also uses a lot of symbolic techniques, making this symphony more colorful. When the protagonist is born, the rumbling sound of the swollen Rhine River is accompanied by the cry of the baby; in childhood, when the protagonist is learning the violin and composing music, the bright piano melody is always blended with the rushing sound of the Rhine River; when the protagonist's spirit is shaken or the creative thoughts are rolling, It is often intertwined with the sound of water and waves of the Rhine River; when the protagonist is dying, he sees the Rhine River again in his dream, and his soul reaches harmony. The sometimes calm and sometimes turbulent Rhine River became a symbol of the artist's tenacious struggle throughout his life. The main characters in the work all have symbolic meanings: John-Christophe is a symbol of power, Olivier and Gloria symbolize French idealism and Italian artistic beauty respectively. The friendship and love between the three constitute the author's pursuit of a humanitarian ideal world full of vitality, free from old habits, harmonious and beautiful.

Japan:

The Tale of Genji